scholarly journals On the Formation of the Space of Scientific Knowledge Subject Ontology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Kalenov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
English Language ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Scientific Area ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Citation Databases

Subject ontologies are the basis of every information system that describes scientific knowledge. A particular simplified case of a subject ontology is the indexes of classification systems, such as international UDC, ICI, Russian State Rubricator for Scientific and Technical Information (SRSTI) and Library Bibliografic Classification (LBC). A more developed example of a subject ontology is thematic thesauri containing terms related to a certain field of science or technology, with their hierarchical and horizontal connections. When considering the architecture of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK), a subject ontology is understood as a generalized structure that includes both thesaurus elements and associated indexes of various classification systems that describe this scientific area. This article presents the results of research related to the construction of subject ontologies based on the previously developed system for supporting terminological dictionaries and proposes a methodology for identifying new key terms for its replenishment. The methodology is based on the use of existing citation databases (CDB), such as WEB of Science and Scopus for English-language publications and the Russian Citation Index for Russian-language publications. The methodology presupposes the division of the scientific area into a number of sections, the selection from the CDB of the core of articles related to each section, and from the articles - the author's key terms, which, in conjunction with the corresponding sections of the classification systems, should form the basis of the subject ontology of this scientific area.

scholarly journals Technology for Filling Subject Ontologies of the Scientific Knowledge Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Николай Евгеньевич Каленов
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
English Language ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Knowledge Space ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Citation Databases

Subject ontology in the context of this article is understood as a set of key concepts related to a certain field of science, with their semantic connections, supplemented by indexes of various classification systems describing this scientific field. Subject ontologies are a necessary component of each subspace that is part of the Unified digital space of scientific knowledge (DSSK). This article presents the results of research related to the construction of subject ontologies based on the created automated system for supporting terminological dictionaries and suggests a methodology for identifying new key terms in a particular field of science. The proposed methodology is based on the use of existing classification systems in conjunction with citation databases, such as Web of Science and Scopus for English–language publications and the Russian citation index for Russian-language publications. The methodology involves dividing the scientific field into a number of sections in accordance with the selected classification system, extracting from the CSB the core of articles related to each section, and from the articles - new author's keywords, which should constitute, in combination with the corresponding sections of classification systems, the basis of the subject ontologies of this scientific field.

scholarly journals Linguistic safety and safety of language in urban discourse: procreation of notions

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Olga A. Leontovich
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Terms

The notion of linguistic safety is investigated from two perspectives: on the one hand, as the safety of language itself, and on the other – language as an instrument providing social safety. The paper seeks to explore the notions “linguistic safety” and “safety of language” and show the dialectic connection between them; to define the key terms associated with linguistic safety and discuss the main approaches to the concepts under study; to analyse the ways to preserve language and its role as an instrument of ensuring social safety in an urban landscape. The research focuses on such issues as the preservation of the purity and cultural uniqueness of the Russian language; the ability of language to ensure people’s individual psychological and physical safety; its mission in providing information and national security, workplace, technical and aviation safety; as well as the role of linguists, translators and interpreters in all the spheres outlined above. On the basis of the findings, we formulate a number of steps which have to be taken in order to ensure linguistic safety, in particular the regulation of language use in street advertisements, posters and other urban media with the help of professional linguists; careful elaboration of workplace safety instructions; wider use of street signs aimed at the prevention of injuries and providing for people’s physical safety, with special attention to non-native speakers, such as migrants and foreign tourists; measures to improve the English language competence of pilots, controllers and flight attendants in order to take care of aviation safety; more active involvement of linguists, translators and interpreters in the development of a safe urban linguistic environment.

scholarly journals Scientific-Practical Seminar «Philosophical Problems of Classification of Modern Scientific Knowledge and the Library Bibliographic Practices»

2014 ◽  
pp. 38-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Golodnova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
Scientific Practical

Seminar, held at the Russian State Library, focused on the problem of Classification of Sciences in Philosophy and in Library Classification Systems.

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN THE DISCOURSE OF MEDICAL EXPERT BLOGS (THE CASE OF ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE BLOGS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
О.В. Магировская ◽  
Е.А. Влодарчик
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
English Language ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
First Time ◽  
Russian Linguistic

В статье впервые выявляются и анализируются вербальные способы репрезентации научного знания в одном из новых и наиболее активно развивающихся жанрах интернет-дискурса - жанре экспертного блога. Новизна данной проблемы обусловлена отсутствием лингвистических исследований как медицинских экспертных блогов, так и особенностей концептуализации научного знания в них, его адаптации к восприятию широким кругом лиц, не владеющих специальным научным знанием. Предметом исследования выступают лексические и стилистические способы и средства как основные инструменты языковой реализации научного знания, представленного в дискурсе медицинских экспертных блогов. На материале англоязычных и русскоязычных блогов, размещённых в сети Instagram в 2019-2020 гг., решается цель исследования, которая заключается в выявлении закономерностей и особенностей языковой организации экспертных блогов как особого дискурсивного пространства трансляции новых форм экспертного знания в англоязычной и русскоязычной лингвокультурах. Проведённой анализ позволяет указать на тенденцию к трансформации научного знания, что обусловлено возможностью вовлечения в это знание широкой общественности благодаря развивающимся социальным сетям, а также выявить лингвокультурную специфику, которая чётко проявляется в рамках происходящего процесса. Трансформация научного знания в анализируемых лингвокультурах получает свою репрезентацию в (1) степени проявления формальности научного стиля, (2) обязательном наличии ономастических единиц экспертности, (3) использовании специфических лексических и стилистических способов представленности терминологического знания. Как следствие, результаты исследования расширяют представления о развитии новых форм научного знания в сети Интернет и доказывают детерминированность особенностей их репрезентации лингвокультурной принадлежностью их авторов. Сформулированные выводы могут найти применение в научных исследованиях в области лингвистики, посвящённых проблеме прагматического потенциала и когнитивно-коммуникативной организации экспертных блогов. The article focuses on the verbal features of scientific knowledge representation in a new and actively developing genre of Internet discourse, the genre being that of expert blogs. The novelty of this issue is determined by the lack of linguistic research of both medical expert blogs and peculiarities of scientific knowledge conceptualization in them. It is also for the first time that the article covers the problem of knowledge adaptation to the minds of a broad range of individuals not proficient in special scientific knowledge. The subject of the research is lexical and stylistic features functioning as the major tools of language manifestation of scientific knowledge in the discourse of medical expert blogs. Basing on the material of English-language and Russian-language blogs published on Instagram in 2019-2020 the research aims to identify patterns and features of language organization in expert blogs as a special discursive space, which represents new forms of expert knowledge in English and Russian linguistic cultures. The analysis has revealed the current trend towards the scientific knowledge transformation that is in the process due to the wide public’s involvement in it through actively developing social networks. The transformation of scientific knowledge in the linguistic cultures under the analysis is reflected in (1) the degree of the scientific style formality, (2) the mandatory presence of onomastic units of expertise, (3) the use of specific lexical and stylistic means of representing terminological knowledge. It has been also proved that these ways of scientific knowledge representation are determined by the expert authors’ linguocultural identity. The theoretical prerequisites stated can be based upon in further research of pragmatic potential and cognitive-communicative organization of expert blogs.

scholarly journals Definition of Digital Economy for the Purposes of Statistical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
E. N. Klochkova ◽  
P. E. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

The international agenda for the development of monitoring of digital transformation stimulates the development of a statistical methodology for measuring phenomena and processes in the digital economy. The barrier to the formation of a set of interrelated and comparable indicators of the development of the digital economy is the lack of a definition of this concept that would satisfy all interested parties.To date, experts from various fields of science have proposed a wide range of definitions of the digital economy. Based on the various properties and effects of digitalization, experts characterize the digital economy not only as a phenomenon in economic activity but also as a sociocultural phenomenon. Many of the proposed definitions are theoretical in nature and do not fully satisfy the needs of empirical research.The objective of this study is to formulate a definition of the digital economy for statistical research.Therefore, the authors reviewed the works analyzing various definitions of the digital economy, and, accordingly, the sources that proposed definitions of the digital economy.Due to plethora of digital economy definitions, to reveal the essence of this concept the authors used statistical text analysis (Text Mining) tools, which made it possible to identify a set of key terms defining digital economy. For analysis, was built a text corpus, consisting of 105 English-language and Russian-language definitions taken from various sources, including documents of state strategic planning, publications of international organizations, analytical materials of consulting companies and articles of individual authors.Thus, the study analyzed the concept of the digital economy for the period and nature of origin, and also proposed an approach based on which an operational definition of the digital economy was developed that meets the relevant principles. However, to identify the digital economy as an object of statistical research, along with the proposed definition, it is necessary to develop a classification of elements of the infrastructure of the digital economy, all of which will allow the formation of an agreed system of tatistical indicators.

L.I. Strakhovsky: Between Symbolism and Acmeism (Based on Foreign Publications)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-437
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Nosov
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Usual Sense ◽  
Creative Evolution ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
State Library

The article is devoted to L.I. Strakhovsky (alias Leonid Chatsky; 1898—1963), a Russian writer and poet of the first wave of emigration, and his poetry and prose reflected in foreign publications of his works in Russian. Returning to our culture the name of this author, now half-forgotten in his homeland, and introducing this name into literary studies, the article tries to reveal the thematic and stylistic diversity of L.I. Strakhovsky’s poetry and prose. The research’s object is foreign publications of L.I. Strakhovsky’s artistic works in separate books, almanacs and periodicals published in Belgium, Germany, Canada and identified through collection catalogues of leading Russian libraries (the Russian State library, the Alexander Solzhenitsyn House of Russia Abroad) and library resources that display foreign Russian-language publications by L.I. Strakhovsky. The article highlights and analyzes the main stylistic (symbolism, acmeism, “junior acmeism”) and thematic (autobiographical, English, mystical) components of L.I. Strakhovsky’s works, reveals the components’ individual features, the originality of their constancy and mutual influence. The main of these features is that L.I. Strakhovsky’s works can be stylistically periodized on the basis of the author’s increased propensity to cyclize his works though without creative evolution in the usual sense and with the stable nature of his working throughout his life. To review the publications and analyze the nature of L.I. Strakhovsky’s works, the article draws on the context of Russian and emigrant literature of his era, creatively associated with L.I. Strakhovsky and its main figures, and notes his literary and cultural influence.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH WORK OF STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN ENGLISH CLASSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Tat'yana V. Baranova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
State University ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Objective Reasoning ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The University

The present article is dedicated to the problems of the organization and planning of scientific and research work of students of the University in English classes, gives grounds for the purposes and tasks of such competence-forming activity as part of the “Oriental studies” speciality program, the Russian State University for the Humanities. The article analyzes these competences, as well as forms and methods of their formation and development. The author presents demarcation of scientific knowledge and gives its characteristics: using most general qualities of a subject, objective reasoning, argumentativeness, results verifiability and reproducibility, consistency, practicality, capability to change, anticipating the future, making forecasts, methodological reflection. The author tried to analyze the reflexive component of scientific and research work of students in more detail. The article presents possible reflexive positions in the interaction between the teacher and the student and shows the dynamics of this interaction, i.e. gives a hierarchy of positions which the student can occupy in the educational process depending on how independent they are in their activity. The article also highlights the content of scientific and research work of students of the University in English classes on the basis of work with foreign texts in the macro-discourse for the “Oriental studies” speciality. The given foundations of the organization and content of scientific and research work of students have been regularly used in English language classes, as well as in optional forms of scientific activity. The students have shown good results and passion for this kind of work, which confirms the correctness of this approach.

On the Principles of Working with Concepts during Russian Language and Literature Lessons

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Shutan
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Language And Literature

In this article, the author sets out to investigate the principles of teaching schoolchildren how to work with word concepts during Russian language and literature lessons, including distinction between the lexical meaning of the word and the concept, creation of the image of a word concept (on the example of the concept "face"), visualisation of concepts, textocentrism. The identification of these principles is based on the analysis of scientific publications and accumulated pedagogical experience. The concluding part of the article correlates classroom activities of working with word concepts with the content of Russian state exams in the 9th and 11th forms.

scholarly journals Animal Models in Pharmacology: A Brief History Awarding the Nobel Prizes for Physiology or Medicine

Pharmacology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Catarina V. Jota Baptista ◽  
Ana I. Faustino-Rocha ◽  
Paula A. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Scientific Area ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Fields

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The Nobel Prize of Physiology or Medicine (NPPM) has recognized the work of 222 scientists from different nationalities, from 1901 until 2020. From the total, 186 award researchers used animal models in their projects, and 21 were attributed to scientists and projects directly related to Pharmacology. In the most recent years, genetics is a dominant scientific area, while at the beginning of the 20th century, most of the studies were more related to anatomy, cytology, and physiology. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Mammalian models were used in 144 NPPM projects, being rodents the most used group of species. Moreover, 92 researchers included domestic species in their work. The criteria used to choose the species, the number of animals used and the experimental protocol is always debatable and dependent on the scientific area of the study; however, the 3R’s principle can be applied to most scientific fields. Independently of the species, the animal model can be classified in different types and criteria, depending on their ecology, genetics, and mode of action. <b><i>Key-Messages:</i></b> The use of animal models in NPPM awarded projects, namely in Pharmacology, illustrates their importance, need and benefit to improve scientific knowledge and create solutions. In the future, with the contribute of technology, it might be possible to refine the use of animal models in pharmacology studies.

Application of Bacterial Nanocellulose in the Cancer Drug Delivery: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Shahriari-Khalaji ◽  
Maryam Zarkesh ◽  
Zahra Nozhat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
English Language ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Cancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Key Terms

: Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is one of the natural biopolymers with unique features, the most important of which are nontoxicity, biocompatibility, high tensile profile, nanofiber structure, and purity. The current review aimed to summarize the latest development in BNC-based biomaterials in cancer drug delivery. The original articles were found by searching key databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Scientific and using key terms such as “bacterial nanocellulose OR bacterial cellulose OR BNC” AND “cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor”. The obtained data were in a wide timeframe and the English language. Totally, 350 articles were found from the three main databases (i.e., 106, 251, and 173 articles from PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science, respectively). In general, 32 articles met the inclusion criteria after duplicate removal and screening according to the aim of the present review study. In this review study, different applications of the bacterial nanocellulose were considered for cancer drug delivery in addition to describing advanced methods that may be applied to improve therapeutic potency while reducing the adverse effects of chemodrugs by decreasing their dosages. The high ratio of the surface area-to-volume and easy modifications of their chemical components lead BNC potential use as an appropriate matrix structure for the binding and controlled release of various pharmaceutical agents, specifically for topical or transdermal administrations. In addition, BNC-based products regulate the release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, therefore, provide appropriate materials related to cancer drug delivery. However, undoubtedly, further developments of BNC-based products as cancer drug delivery systems require more extensive investigations.

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