scholarly journals Cytokine profile as biomarker of COVID-19 and its correlation with liver function enzymes and other markers of inflammation

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-751
Author(s):  
Gita Nepal ◽  
Maitreyee D. S. ◽  
Akshatha Rao Aroor ◽  
Shivashankara A. R.
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Markers ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction and Aim: Various hematological and biochemical parameters are assessed as biomarkers of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2. In this study, efforts were made to identify the correlation of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-?, IL-1?, and IL-1?) with the liver function enzyme markers, LDH, CRP, Ferritin, and D-dimer. We also assessed the correlation of cytokines with severity of COVID-19.   Materials and Methods: We analyzed 53 serum samples of RT-PCR-positive patients admitted to the hospital. Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-?, IL-1?, and IL-1?) were analyzed with sandwich ELISA.  The levels of cytokines were compared between mild, moderate, and severe cases of COVID-19, and the correlation among cytokines, liver function marker enzymes, LDH, CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin were analyzed.   Results: Along with CRP, LDH and ferritin, IL-6 showed significant difference between mild, moderate, and severe COVID groups. significant correlation between IL-6 & LDH (p -.002), IL-6 & D-Dimer (p- .010), IL-6 & IL-1? (p- .027), IL-1? & D-Dimer (p- .010), IL-1? & LDH (p-.027), and IL-1? & TNF-? & (p-.000).   Conclusion: Cytokines especially IL-6 correlated with disease severity. Assaying the profile of cytokines could be of immense value in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Adipokines in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia D. Gherman ◽  
Aurel I. Mironiuc
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Aim. Out study aimed to assess the serum levels of adipokines in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) caused by atherosclerosis.Methods. Serum samples were obtained from 221 patients. One hundred and forty patients, (26 females and 114 males) met the inclusion criteria and were assigned into the case group. Eighty one patients (17 females and 64 males), were included in the control group. Circulating plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and TNF-αwere measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results. Significant lower levels of adiponectin were present () in PAOD patients ( pg/mL) compared to the control group ( pg/mL). The mean value of leptin ( pg/mL) and resistin (2047.81±3301.08 pg/mL) patients included in the PAOD group was higher, as compared to the control group. Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for leptin () and for resistin (). No statistically significant difference for TNF-αwas found between the two groups ().Conclusion. The markers of inflammation secreted by the adipose tissue (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) showed significant differences in patients from the case group (with PAOD) compared to the control group.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in thalassemia patients with hepatitis C in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Dalvand ◽  
Azadeh Dalvand ◽  
Zohreh Sharifi ◽  
Seyed Masoud Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Thalassemia Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tehran Province

Background and Objectives: HEV infection is predominantly spread via the fecal-oral route; however, due to the presence of HEV RNA in the serum of healthy blood donors, there is a possibility of the transmissibility of HEV infection through blood. Multi-transfused thalassemia patients are one of the high risk groups for blood borne viruses. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of HEV antibodies and HEV-RNA in thalassemia patients with HCV infection. Materials and Methods: 120 anti-HCV positive thalassemia patient serum samples from Tehran province during April-June 2019 were assessed for the presence of total anti-HEV antibodies using of HEV Ab ELISA kit. All serum samples were assayed by Nested RT-PCR to detect HEV-RNA. Results: The results of ELISA test showed that 2 out of 120 (1.67%) samples were positive for anti-HEV Ab. There was no statistically significant difference between anti-HEV antibody prevalence rate and sex, age and other risk factors. None of 120 (0.00%) samples were positive for HEV-RNA by Nested RT-PCR. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HEV in our study group was 1.67% which is less than HEV seroprevalence rate in Iranian general population. Therefore, it can be conclude that transmission of HEV infection via blood transfusion seems to be uncommon in Iran and the fecal-oral route can be the predominant mode of transmission in Iran; however, more studies are required to confirm this issue.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN COVID 19 PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Farah Ahsan ◽  
◽  
Sumera Samreen ◽  
Sonali Kukreti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
D Dimer

Objective: we aimed to provide overview of association of inflammatory markers with severity of Covid 19. Methods: 100 patients admitted in Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital Covid Ward with positive RT PCR. Serum samples taken and run on VITROS 5600 and reported for CRP, FERRITIN, LDH , Procalcitonin,D-dimer & TLC. Results: with 100 patients 34 were females & rest 66 were males. Out of which all parameters run on all patients. Mean age for males 48.86±15.29 & Mean age for females 43.11±16.21. In all 6 parameters only 3 parameters CRP,LDH,Ferritin had significance in the study with p value <.01. Whereas rest 3 parameters TLC, D-dimer & Procalcitonin had non significant value. D-Dimer had p value 0.483. Procalcitonin p value 0.23. TLC p value 0.08. therefore these parameters in my study was not significant inflammatory markers in patients of Covid 19.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of exposure to coal mine dust on the lipid profile and liver function markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 971-974
Author(s):  
Ganesan S ◽  
Sangeetha R
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Enzyme Markers

Workers exposed to coal mine dust for a long duration up to 20 years may come across health risks associated with heart and liver. A lipid profile is a component of cardiac function assessment. For assessing liver functions, 4 principal enzyme markers associated with liver were considered. Hence lipid profile and enzyme markers for liver function were investigated in this study. 120 normal population and 120 coalmine workers (both male and female) who were exposed to the coal mine for periods ranging from 10 to 20 years were enrolled for this study. Results available in the laboratory data for a master health check on population not exposed to a coal mine and those who have been exposed to 10 to 20 years were made use of for this study. The mean levels of both lipid profile and liver functions tests were found to be highly and significantly different for coal mine dust exposed cases compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Surprisingly, the levels of most of the markers were within the normal limits and thus were clinically insignificant. A significant difference was observed with alkaline phosphatase. This study has demonstrated that biochemical tests should be done at regular intervals of time to monitor the incidence of health disorders associated with principal organs.

scholarly journals Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhance the Immune Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccination in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naji A .I . ◽  
◽  
Huda S.J ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Astragalus Polysaccharide ◽  
Serum Antibody Titer

This study was conducted to evaluated the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune responses of chickens immunized with NDV Lasota vaccine. One hundred chickens at one-day-old( Ross breed) were brought , on five day of age, the average maternal serum Abs was measured by hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test and the titer was 3.43 log, and then divided into five equal groups in each group twenty chicks and on day 10 of age the Astragalus polysaccharide high concentration (APSH) group were given 0.5 ml at 400mg /100ml , the Astragalus polysaccharide medium concentration (APSM )group were given 0.5 ml at 200mg /100ml, the Astragalus polysaccharide low concentration (APSL) group were given 0.5 ml at 100mg /100ml , Vaccine control (VC) group were given 0.5 ml normal saline only, Negative control (NC ) group were given normal saline only , all groups orally administrated for four days. At 14 day of age, all chickens with the exception of NC group , were vaccinated with ND Lasota by Intraocular and Intranasal methods. Four blood sample from all groups were aspirated from jugular vein at 0h (before vaccination),6h,12h and 24h(after vaccination ) for determine of Chicken IL-6(Interleukin 6) by RT-PCR. On day 20and 30 of age after vaccination , three chicken were sampled randomly from each group to detect specific serum Antibody titer of NDV by HI test. On days 1,7,14,21after vaccination, four serum Samples from the same of chicken to determines IgA level by sandwich ELISA test. The cellular and humeral response including the production of cytokine IL-6 ( by RT-PCR test) were measured on 0h(before vaccination),6h,12h and 24h( after vaccination )and IgA antibody ( by ELISA test ) were measured on 1d,7d,14d,and 21days after vaccination and serum antibody titer Specific to NDV( by HI test ) were measured at age 20, and 30 days after vaccination evaluated by series of experiments. Results revealed that all the polysaccharide groups were numerically increased in antibody levels, the expression of IL-6and IgA level ,but three parameter were significant (𝑃 < 0.05) in the APSH group compared to corresponding (VC) vaccinated group and( NC) non –vaccinated group. These results suggest that orally administered APS could significantly enhance the efficacy of NDV vaccination and has important implications for the further use of APS as a novel adjuvant.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in rt-PCR positive cases: first report from India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Chandra Dash ◽  
Debaprasad Parai ◽  
Hari Ram Choudhary ◽  
Annalisha Peter ◽  
Usha Kiran Rout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses remain poorly understood and the clinical utility of serological testing is still unclear. As it is thought to confer some degree of immunity, this study is carried out to know the relationship between demographics and ct value of confirmed rt-PCR patients. A total of 384 serum samples were collected between 4-6 weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgG positivity was found to be 80.2% (95% CI, 76.2 – 84.2). The IgG positivity increased with the decrease in the ct value, with highest of 87.6% positivity in individuals with <20 ct value. The mean (± SD) ct value of IgG positives and og IgG negatives was 23.34 (± 6.09) and 26.72 (± 7.031) respectively. There was no significant difference found between the demographic characteristics such as age, sex, symptoms and antibody response. The current study is first of its kind wherein we have assessed the correlation of ct of RT-PCR with development of IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Our study showed that although Ct value might not have any relation with severity of the diseases but is associated with the antibody response among the SARS-CoV-2 infected individual.

scholarly journals Development of in-house, indirect ELISAs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-associated serology in COVID-19 patients in Panama

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257351
Author(s):  
Carolina de la Guardia ◽  
Giselle Rangel ◽  
Alcibiades Villarreal ◽  
Amador Goodridge ◽  
Patricia L. Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Significant Difference

COVID-19 is the name of the acute respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a close relative of those that caused the severe outbreaks of SARS and MERS several years ago. Since first appearance on December of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has cause extremely high levels of mortality, morbidity, global economic breakdown, and the consequent human suffering. The main diagnostic test for the confirmation of symptomatic individuals is the detection of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase–quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR). Additionally, serology techniques, such as ELISA are useful to measure the antibodies produced in humans after contact with the virus, as well as the direct presence of viral antigens. In this study we aim to assemble and evaluate four ELISA assays to measure the presence of IgG or IgM specific for the viral Spike protein in COVID-19 patients, using either the full recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein or the fragment corresponding to the receptor binding domain. As a control, we analyzed a group of pre-pandemic serum samples obtained before 2017. Strong reactivity was observed against both antigens. A few pre-pandemic samples displayed high OD values, suggesting the possibility of some cross reactivity. All four assays show very good repeatability, both intra- and inter-assay. Receiver operating characteristic analysis allowed the definition of cutoffs and evaluation of performance for each ELISA by estimation of the area under the curve. This performance parameter was high for all tests (AUC range: 0.98–0.99). Multiple comparisons between tests revealed no significant difference between each other (P values: 0.24–0.95). Our results show that both antigens are effective to detect both specific IgG and IgM antibodies, with high sensitivity (range 0.92–0.99), specificity (range 0.93–0.97) and congruence with the RT-PCR test (Cohen´s Kappa range 0.87–0.93). These assays will allow health authorities to have a new tool to estimate seroprevalence, in order to manage and improve the severe sanitary situation caused by this virus.

scholarly journals Comparison of D-Dimer Level on Mild, Moderate and Severe COVID-19 at Immanuel Hospital Bandung City October 1 st - December 31 st, 2020

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4268-4268
Author(s):  
Hary Gustian ◽  
Regina Anjani Budi Pratiwi ◽  
Rini Riantie
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Patient Classification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In COVID-19 there is a process of thrombosis and coagulopathy, which are systemic inflammation and endothelial disorders resulting in hypercoagulability. D-dimer is a laboratory test that can determine coagulation activation (hypercoagulability) and fibrinolysis. D-dimer can be used as a guide of anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy and prognostic parameter in COVID-19 patients, where its value runs parallel to the severity of the disease and is associated with increased mortality. Materials and methods: The whole sampling was taken from 59 medical records of inpatients confirmed with COVID-19 through the RT-PCR examination at Immanuel Hospital, Bandung City for the period of October 1 st - December 31 st, 2020. The value of d-dimer was taken from whole blood, tested with sandwich ELISA method with cut-off value (normal value) &lt; 0.5μg/ml. COVID-19 patient classification was based on the COVID-19 guideline from Indonesian Ministry of Health. The research method was observational analytical with cross-sectional design. Statistical test used was Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney advanced test (α = 0.05). Results: The mean d-dimer value in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 was 0.3034 µg/mL; 0.5138 µg/mL; and 1.1751 µg/mL. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed a very significant difference in mean d-dimer values in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients. Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a very significant difference in the mean d-dimer value between mild and severe COVID-19 patients, also between moderate and severe COVID-19 patients with a value of p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.01). But there was no difference in the mean d-dimer value between mild and moderate COVID-19 patients, p = 0.454 (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusion: There is a very significant difference in d-dimer values between mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. The d-dimer value increases with the severity of COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, mild COVID-19, moderate COVID-19, severe COVID-19, d-dimer Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Correlation between Cycle Threshold (Ct) Value and IL-6 and D-Dimer in Chip-based RT-PCR Positive COVID-19 Cases: Study from a Stand-alone Laboratory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chhavi Gandhi ◽  
H. N. Ravikumar ◽  
Vani Ravikumar ◽  
C. Vani
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cycle Threshold ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
D Dimer

Background: Novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality since the beginning of 2020 leading to range of symptoms from mild flu to respiratory distress, which is called COVID-19. RTPCR being the main diagnostic test can confirm the presence of the virus in the clinical samples, while various studies have defined Interleukin-6 and D-dimer as potent biomarker for severity. In this study, we have attempted to correlate the severity of COVID-19 with the presence of IL-6 and D-dimer and the Cycle threshold (Ct vlue) as determined by chip based RTPCR. Aim: The study aims to correlate the Cycle threshold value obtained after chip-based RT-PCR with markers such as IL-6 and D-Dimers.                                                      Methodology: It is a retrospective, observational study done in 799 subjects  in a span of three months (August 2020 to October 2020) at R V Metropolis Diagnostic and Healthcare Pvt Ltd. All symptomatic patients who tested positive in the Laboratory for COVID-19 by chip-based RT-PCR were included. Chip based RTPCR or Truenat test was performed on Nasopharyngeal swabs of the suspected subjects. Interleukin-6 was determined by Electrochemiluminiscence assay while D-dimer was done on the principle of Chemiluminiscence. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 12.0 version. Results: Total number of subjects enrolled were 799, with mean age of the subjects being 46.80± 17.55 years. In the study, males were found to be affected by COVID-19 more than females with ratio of male to female being 1.65:1. 498 (62.3%) of males presented with COVID-19 while it was observed in 301 (37.6%) females. Out of 799 subjects, 289 (36.2%) were symptomatic and out of 289 subjects, 140 (17.5% of total subjects) required hospitalisation. Cycle threshold values of both screening as well as confirmatory genes were determined separately in the cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and there was no significant difference between the Ct values in cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients were subcategorised under hospitalised and non-hospitalised and Again, no significant difference was seen between the two subset of patients in terms of Ct-value and, indirectly, the viral load of their clinical sample. The results convey that IL-6 and D-Dimer was significantly high (p=0.001 and <0.001 respectively) in case of symptomatic patients.D-Dimer was significantly high (p= <0.001) in the patients who needed hospitalisation. IL-6 was significantly raised as well (p=0.02). Screening and confirmatory gene were found to have no significant relationship with IL-6 and D-Dimer, neither any correlation was observed with them. Conclusion: Biomarkers such as Interleukin-6 and D-dimer can very well help in determining the severity and need for hospitalisation in a COVID-19 affected patient, but they have been found to have no relationship with cycle threshold value of RTPCR in our study.

scholarly journals OS1.1 Plasma PD-L1 levels over time differ between glioblastoma and lower-grade glioma patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii5-iii5
Author(s):  
M Mair ◽  
A Ilhan-Mutlu ◽  
S Pajenda ◽  
G Widhalm ◽  
K Dieckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Recurrent Gbm

Abstract BACKGROUND Immune modulating therapies are a promising treatment approach in patients with primary brain tumors, however their clinical efficacy is still under investigation as the systemic inflammatory responses are potentially challenged by the brain’s tight immune regulatory mechanisms. Here, we aimed to investigate soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in the plasma of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) and recurrent WHO grade II - III glioma (LGG) patients over their course of disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS 30 patients with recurrent GBM and 10 patients with recurrent LGG were treated with bevacizumab (400mg, q14 days) as a salvage therapy at the Medical University of Vienna. EDTA plasma samples were drawn prior to each treatment cycle. sPD-L1 was analyzed using a sandwich ELISA (Millipore ABF133 and clone 5H1). The lower limit of detection was 0.050 ng/ml as determined by serial dilutions of recombinant human PD-L1. RESULTS sPD-L1 values could be retrieved in a median of 6 timepoints per patient (range: 2 - 24). No significant difference in sPD-L1 concentrations between GBM and LGG patients was present at baseline (p > 0.05). After 2 weeks of bevacizumab treatment, LGG patients presented with statistically significant lower sPD-L1 concentrations as compared to baseline (p = 0.036, Wilcoxon signed rank test), while no difference in sPD-L1 concentration was observed in GBM patients. Significantly higher sPD-L1 intra-patient variability was evident in LGG patients compared to GBM patients (p = 0.012, Mann-Whitney-U). In LGG patients, sPD-L1 correlated with leukocyte count (Spearman’s r = 0.397, p = 0.001) as well as with C-reactive protein level (Spearman’s r = -0.424, p = 0.001), while in GBM patients no correlation of sPD-L1 and systemic markers of inflammation was evident (-0.3 < Spearman’s r < 0.3). CONCLUSION sPD-L1 as a systemic marker of inflammation was lower in recurrent LGG patients compared to recurrent GBM patients after bevacizumab-based treatment, arguing that the glioma-immune system interactions differ between LGG and GBM. SUPPORT/DISCLOSURE This project was funded by the research budget of the Medical University of Vienna.

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