scholarly journals The Politics of Remembering and Forgetting: Native Title Law and Reconciliation in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Francesca Giorgia Dominello
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Native Title ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The post-Mabo era was to be the age of reconciliation and the end of unjust dispossession of indigenous peoples’ lands. However, as the more recent cases in native title show this vision did not become the reality. In this paper, I will examine Mabo in its historical context. In particular I will examine the claim that Mabo was a product of the “new history” movement in Australia. This movement developed in response to the silence that had shrouded the history of colonial relations between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples for most of the 19th and 20th centuries. Through the writing of these histories, new historians have raised awareness of the history of colonization in Australia and the impact it has had on indigenous peoples in particular. In the paper I will outline the ways in which Mabo is a product of this history. However, if Mabo did not bring to an end to the injustice and inequality facing indigenous peoples in the context of land law in Australia, it is because of the traces of another history informing that decision and the events that followed it. In this paper I will refer to this history as the “old history” of Australia. In this history indigenous peoples are placed in a paradoxical position: they are inferior, but still seen as threat to the colonial enterprise. The paper will explore how this “history” is repeated in Mabo and continues to inform the High Court’s approach to native title law.

scholarly journals Amazônia Brasileira na Pandemia: A Difícil Missão de Sobreviver ao Coronavírus e à Crise Política do País

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cruz ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

This article has as main objective to discuss the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on the Brazilian Amazon, its consequences and conflicts not only in the forest but also in the people living in the region, especially the situation of indigenous peoples and how COVID-19 has been impacting the tribes directly and indirectly, through the exposure of opinions, facts and historical context, factors of paramount importance that help to build the current panorama of the Amazon within the pandemic. In addition, this article aims to analyse the political crisis that Brazil is facing at the moment and how it influences the impacts suffered by the Amazon macro-region, in order to highlight the need for discussion — now more than ever —, to protect and preserve Amazonian diversity in the face of a government that omits responsibility for the prevention of Amazonian identity. The concern with the Amazon rainforest is not something recent, however the current moment is decisive in the history of the largest tropical forest in the world.

Impact of the 2020 crises on the arts and culture in the United States: The effect of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement in historical context

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-465
Author(s):  
Stanley N. Katz ◽  
Leah Reisman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Organizations ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement on the arts and cultural sector in the United States, placing the 2020 crises in the context of the United States’s historically decentralized approach to supporting the arts and culture. After providing an overview of the United States’s private, locally focused history of arts funding, we use this historical lens to analyze the combined effects of the pandemic and Black Lives Matter movement on a single metropolitan area – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We trace a timeline of key events in the national and local pandemic response and the reaction of the arts community to the Black Lives Matter movement, arguing that the nature of these intersecting responses, and their fallout for the arts and cultural sector, stem directly from weaknesses in the United States’s historical approach to administering the arts. We suggest that, in the context of widespread organizational vulnerability caused by the pandemic, the United States’s decentralized approach to funding culture also undermines cultural organizations’ abilities to respond to issues of public relevance and demonstrate their civic value, threatening these organizations’ legitimacy.

scholarly journals The History of the Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tallini ◽  
R. Michael Tuttle ◽  
Ronald A. Ghossein
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context: This review provides historical context to recent developments in the classification of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC). The evolution of the diagnostic criteria for papillary thyroid carcinoma is described, clarifying the role of molecular analysis and the impact on patient management. Methods: A PubMed search using the terms “follicular variant” and “papillary thyroid carcinoma” covering the years 1960 to 2016 was performed. Additional references were identified through review of the citations of the retrieved articles. Results: The encapsulated/well-demarcated, noninvasive form of FVPTC that occurs annually in 45,000 patients worldwide was thought for 30 years to be a carcinoma. Many studies have shown almost no recurrence in these noninvasive tumors, even in patients treated by surgery alone without radioactive iodine therapy. The categorization of the tumor as outright cancer has led to aggressive forms of treatment, with their side effects, financial costs, and the psychological and social impacts of a cancer diagnosis. Recently, the encapsulated/well-demarcated, noninvasive FVPTC was renamed as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features. The new terminology lacks the carcinoma label, enabling clinicians to avoid aggressive therapy. Conclusions: By understanding the history of FVPTC, future classification of tumors will be greatly improved.

Autochthony, Belonging, and Xenophobia in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Geschiere
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
World Order ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

The renewed relevance of “autochthony” and similar notions of belonging in many parts of Africa is symptomatic of the confusing changes on the continent since the “post-Cold War moment.” Africa is certainly not exceptional in this respect. The “new world order,” so triumphantly announced by President George H. W. Bush in 1990 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the apparent victory of capitalism turned out to be marked by intensifying global flows, as expected, but also by an increasing obsession with belonging all over the globe, which was less expected. Yet, it may be important to emphasize as well that this upsurge of struggles over local belonging took on special aspects in Africa. The notion of autochthony has its own history on the continent, going back to the impact of colonialism, but building on older distinctions. However, it always sat uneasily with what many historians and anthropologists see as characteristic for African social formations: a heavy emphasis on mobility and inclusion of people: wealth in people. Since the last decades of the 20th century, there seems to be an increasing closure of local communities in many parts of the continent: a growing emphasis on exclusion rather than inclusion of newcomers, immigrants, or “strangers.” After a brief sketch of the history of autochthony on the continent, also in relation to parallel notions like ethnicity and indigeneity, the focus is placed on the factors behind such a tendency toward closure: increasing land scarcity, and especially the changing global context since 1990. In many parts of the continent, the neo-liberal twin of democratization and decentralization had the effect that the feeling of belonging to the village became of crucial importance again, as well for people who had already lived for generations in the cities. The implications of such a growing preoccupation with autochthony and local belonging for national citizenship and notions on civil society are highly variable and depend on historical context. However, one recurrent trait is the paradox between a promise of basic security (how can one belong more than if one is rooted in the soil?) and a practice of deep uncertainty. The receding quality of these claims to belong—autochthony as a basic denial of history, which always implies movement—allows that they always can be contested: One’s autochthony can always be unmasked as “fake,” with someone else belonging more. Autochthony can be institutionalized in various forms and to various degrees, but its basic uncertainty gives it a violent potential.

The rise and fall of the legislature

2020 ◽  
pp. 234-250
Author(s):  
Ken Ochieng' Opalo
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

What explains the emergence of a relatively independent legislature in Kenya since the early 1990s? In this chapter, I situate the evolution and institutional development of the Kenyan legislature in historical context. In so doing, I show how legislative organizational development under both colonialism and the era of single-party rule provided the foundation for the emergence of a relatively strong legislature after 1992. The primary lesson that emerges from this chapter is that to understand contemporary legislative independence in Kenya requires an appreciation of the country’s history of contested executive–legislative relations, and the impact of this on legislative institutional development.

The History of Protestant Youth Ministry; a Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ruth Lukabyo
Keyword(s):  
Practical Theology ◽  
Youth Ministry ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Youth Ministers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Academic Study

Abstract In the academic study of youth ministry, the disciplines of theology, sociology, and biblical studies are well represented, but not the discipline of history. This paper reviews what has been written about the history of Protestant youth ministry and attempts to synthesise changes over time. Then it highlights particular insights taken from the histories that could help those involved in youth ministry to be critical about their thinking and practice and to undertake practical theology. The insights identified are: the impact of historical context on youth ministry; the tension between nurture and conversion; the influence of theology; the relevance of class; and the importance of considering gender. This paper highlights the need for more research in this area and suggests that this research could assist youth ministers in considering their goals in ministry, their methodology, and the effectiveness of different kinds of youth organisations.

scholarly journals Las polacas w Buenos Aires: prostytutki w historii i kulturze

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 272-290
Author(s):  
Agata Draus-Kłobucka
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
White Slavery ◽  
Visual Texts ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the literary and cultural uses of so-called white slavery – the prostitution and pimping in the Americas (especially in South America) of women from Eastern Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This motif, tragically linking the history of Poland and Argentina, is associated with historiographic, literary, and sociological research. The article analyses various attitudes of historians towards the issue and the scope of ideological issues (in particular, the issue of anti-Semitism) and criticises the impact of the specificity of media coverage on the sensational nature of reports on the white slave trade. The main aim of the work is to present to the Polish reader both the historical context and the literary and cultural realisations of the subject in a multi-faceted manner, especially since only a few works have been translated into Polish. The second goal is to identify repetitions in prose, dramas, and audio-visual texts depicting the stories of Eastern European prostitutes in South America.

scholarly journals The influenceof the natural and geographical specifics of Crimea on the formation of some characteristic features of traditional Crimean culture: matrix of interaction between: “Local” and “Alien” ethnic groups on the peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Nadir V. Bekirov ◽  
◽  
Farit N. Shakurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

The usual Crimean studies have formulated a concept of lack of the genesis of traditional Crimean culture due to its approach to an ethnic history of Crimea as a replacement of a number of various and distinguished substituting ethnic groups with neither biogenetic nor cultural and linguistic continuity between them. That point was artificially implanted by the political reasons as a scientific pseudo-justification of the en-masse deportation of some Indigenous Peoples of Crimea and Northern Caucasus realized by the Soviet Power in 1940s. However, the attentive studying of the historical process in Crimea during the thousands of the years, inevitably leads to the conclusions that there were not series of total genocides among ethnic groups populating the territory of the Crimea in different times. Despite of military clashes, invasions, periodical conquests, the very natural and geographical conditions of the peninsula predetermined the inevitable involvement of different ethnic groups in economic, cultural, political, and biogenetic, and eventually even kinship relations. This was main way how a new stage of Crimean culture and inhabitants was being formed during centuries. This was the fundamental tendency of the genesis of the traditional Crimean culture and indigenous peoples of the Crimea, mainly formed by the end of the 18th century. The mechanism of the impact of these factors and the resulting matrix of interaction between the “local” and “newcomer” ethnic groups in the Crimea is analyzed in this article.

Digital Government and Criminal Justice

2011 ◽  
pp. 186-199
Author(s):  
J. William Holland
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
New Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This chapter outlines the history of digital government in criminal justice, starting with the Johnson Administration’s findings concerning automation in its report, “The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society,” the development of the national criminal justice network, and the creation of SEARCH Group, a consortium of states that led the effort to create computerized criminal histories of individual offenders. A brief discussion of the issues these efforts attempted to solve will be developed. The narrative will describe how these initial activities created the basic parameters for all subsequent developments in the area of criminal justice automation. Several major problems and controversies of criminal justice automation will be described and placed in their historical context. Examples of criminal justice initiatives will be provided and their success in solving some of the problems discussed will be described. The chapter concludes that it is time to rethink the older criminal justice digital government paradigm from the 1960s and create a new model more in tune with today’s developments in a highly mobile, digital and integrated society. Questions about the impact of this new model on traditional constitutional safeguards, including individual liberty and privacy will be raised.

The Global Bourgeoisie

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Motadel ◽  
Christof Dejung ◽  
Jürgen Osterhammel
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
World Order ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Class Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
The Impact

While the nineteenth century has been described as the golden age of the European bourgeoisie, the emergence of the middle class and bourgeois culture was by no means exclusive to Europe. This book explores the rise of the middle classes around the world during the age of empire. The book compares middle-class formation in various regions, highlighting differences and similarities, and assesses the extent to which bourgeois growth was tied to the increasing exchange of ideas and goods. It indicates that the middle class was from its very beginning, even in Europe, the result of international connections and entanglements. Chapters are grouped into six thematic sections: the political history of middle-class formation, the impact of imperial rule on the colonial middle class, the role of capitalism, the influence of religion, the obstacles to the middle class beyond the Western and colonial world, and, lastly, reflections on the creation of bourgeois cultures and global social history. Placing the establishment of middle-class society into historical context, the book shows how the triumph or destabilization of bourgeois values can shape the liberal world order. The book changes the understanding of how an important social class came to be.

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