UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEREHAU (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) TERHADAP MENCIT PUTIH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Eka Siswanto ◽  
Desy Nur Indah Sari ◽  
Supomo Supomo
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Selection Of

Leaves kerehau (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) is one of the plants used for the treatment of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, treatment after delivery, and fever, by drinking boiled water. Report usage and security kerehau leaves are still very few. The purpose of this study to determine the potential for acute toxicity by determining the value of LD50 (Lethal Dose 50) in 4 dose-rise that dose I, II, III, and IV of the ethanol extract of the leaves kerehau against this mice. The Research. Pharmacologically using experimental methods using a completely randomized design pattern is undirectional in the selection of test animals, They are 25 mice were divided into five groups (5 mice each group), with observed 4 hours to determine the toxic symptoms and continued observation every 24 hours for 7 days to see death. Results from this study show from 4 dose levels, dose group I = 16g / kg, group II = 8g / kg, group III = 4g / kg and group IV = 2g / kg and control = 0.5 ml Na-CMC. Symptoms namely the observation of behavior and neuromuscular but not on observations of the autonomic nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin. LD50 value obtained is expressed by the LD50 (16g / kg) were categorized as practically non-toxic (> 15g / kg)

scholarly journals Anti-allergic Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Strawberries in Ovalbumin Induced Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Siska ◽  
Diene Roufiani ◽  
Ema Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antiallergic Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Group Group

Anaphylaxis is the most common allergic reaction triggered by allergens such as insect poisons, food, and drugs through skin contact, injection, or inhalation. In vitro previous research showed that strawberries fruit have activity as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergic. The research aimed to determine the antianaphylaxis strawberry fruit extract in mice (Balb/C strain) with ovalbumin-induced.  Twenty-four Balb/C strain mice were divided into six groups (n=4). Group I and II as a normal and control group. Group III till VI as a treatment group was given cetirizine dose 0.042 mg/20 g BW and strawberry extract doses 0,68; 1,36; and 2,72 mg/20 g BW, respectively. This research showed that 70 % of ethanol extract of strawberries fruit have antiallergic activity in response to active cutaneous anaphylaxis. 70% ethanol extract of strawberries doses 2.72 mg/20 g BW had similar antiallergic activity compare with cetirizine. The conclusion of this study showed that strawberries fruit extract could be developed as an alternative medicine to anti-anaphylaxis or anti-allergic.

scholarly journals POTENSI ANTIBODI SPERMATOZOA TERHADAP SPERMATOGENESIS DAN FERTILISASI PADA TIKUS PUTIH

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-189
Author(s):  
Indah Norma Triana
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
And Control

The experiment was conducted the potential of antiibody sperm to spermatogenesis and fertility of the male rat. Ten of rat testis have been used in this research, then crushed and added with 10 cc saline and then were filtrated and centrifuged 1800 rpm for ten minutes. Twenty four of the male rat divided in to four groups. Group I injected with saline 0.1 cc/sc/day for 45 days, group II injected with testis suspension 0.1 cc/sc/day for 15 days, group III injected with testis suspension 0.1 cc/sc/days for 30 days, group IV injected with testis suspension 0.1 cc /sc/days for 45 days. Then each of the male rat were mated with female, then the number of the total of pups were counted. Male rat were killed and testis were collected for preparation of histology and count of the spermatocyte and spermatid. The results show that the number of the spermatocyte and spermatid has significant different in the group and control (p less than 0.05). The number of the pups significantly different in the group and control (p less than 0.05). Implication of this research was injected Antibodisperm on male rat can decrease of the number of spermatocyte, spermatid and the number of the pups.

scholarly journals ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КВІНАПРИЛУ ТА L-АРГІНІНУ З МЕТОЮ КОРЕКЦІЇ ЕНДОТЕЛІАЛЬНОЇ ДИСФУНКЦІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ АНКІЛОЗИВНИМ СПОНДИЛОАРТРИТОМ ТА В ПОЄДНАННІ З ГІПЕРТОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Smiian ◽  
B. O. Koshak ◽  
U. S. Slaba
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Concomitant Hypertension

Mortality rate among patients with AS is 2 times higher the population level. It is caused by cardiovascular disease. Now it is clear that the presence of chronic systemic inflammation is an important predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease due to the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED).The aim of the study – to evaluate the efficacy of correction of ED in patients with AS and arterial hypertension with the use of quinapril and L-arginine aspartate.Materials and Methods. A total of 110 patients with AS were examined with evaluation endothelium-depended vasodilation (EDVD) in response to reactive hyperemia, were chosen patients with EDVD <10 % (n=79), and were divided into 4 groups. Group I included 17 people who received standard therapy. Patients from the group II (n=20) received intravenous infusion of the solution of L-Arginine. Group III included patients with concomitant hypertension and they received quinapril (n=19). Group IV (n=23) consist of patients with hypertension, but their treatment was combination of L-arginine with quinapril.Results and Discussion. It was found that in the group II there was a significant improvement in the endothelium’s function (EDVD (23.2±2.4) % (p=0.0023), and its normalization were in 7 patients. In patients of the third group, who received only quinapril were not found normalization of EDVD in any of the patients. In last group (IV) 7 patients showed normalization of the endothelium, 10 improvements compared with baseline levels, and 6 no changes were observed.Conclusions. L-arginine in the complex therapy of patients with AC can significantly reduce the manifestations of ED in patients without concomitant hypertension. Combined use of quinapril in combination with L-arginine demonstrated improvement of endothelial function and control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Effects of Oral Administration of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Charcoal–Tree (Trema Orientalis Linn Blume) in Jamnapari Crossbred Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
A Saleh ◽  
A Usman ◽  
N.B Ibrahim ◽  
S.E Abalaka ◽  
N.A Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Trema Orientalis ◽  
Oral Doses

The present study was aimed at evaluating the clinicopathological changes due to oral administration of ethanol leaf extract of Trema orientalis (ELETO) in Jamnapari crossbred goats. The clinical manifestations, gross and histopathological changes in the major vital organs were used as indices of the toxicity. The severity of gross and microscopic changes were evaluated by scoring technique. Twenty goats weighing between 15-20kg were divided into four groups with five goats in each group in a completely randomized design. The test groups I, II, III were administered ELETO at the dosages of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg b.wt per os/day respectively, for 14 days while, group IV served as a control. Groups II and III showed decreased appetite whereas, group III showed bilateral congestion of ocular mucous membrane, lacrimation, rectal tenesmus and a significant decrease in body weight compared to control. The main gross and microscopic changes were mild to moderate and included; engorgement of the gall bladder, congestion and icteric liver, hepatocellular degeneration, vacuolation, necrosis and renal congestion observed mainly in group III goats. The results indicate that the ELETO was hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic at continued oral doses equal to or more than 2.0g/kg b.wt in goats but no significant toxicity when used at lowers doses. Therefore, special caution should be taken when keeping goats in areas with T. orientalis. Keywords: Ethanol extract, Trema orientalis, Clinicopathological changes, Goatsv

scholarly journals UJI Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) UMBI BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) DAN UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT FRAKSI AKTIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dwi Lestari ◽  
Rudi Kartika ◽  
Eva Marliana
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Selection Of

Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb come from the Iridaceae family, this species contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids and quinones. This research method includes Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) toxicity using Artemia salina Leach larvae to determine the LC50 value. This study used experimental methods pharmacologically using a completely randomized design in the same direction pattern in the selection of test animals, 25 animals used were white mice divided into 5 groups with 5 mice per group, with 4 hours observed to find out toxic symptoms and continued observation every 24 hours to see death. Testing of BSLT results showed that ethanol extract had LC50 toxicity = 66.68 ppm (very toxic category), n-hexane fraction had LC50 toxicity = 47.64 ppm (very toxic category), chloroform fraction had LC50 toxicity = 295.1 ppm ( toxic category), and the water fraction has a toxicity of LC50 = 194.54 ppm (very toxic category). The chloroform fraction is an active fraction. Acute toxicity test LD50 value according to the calculation method of Miller Tainter Probit (187,499 mg/KgBB), the method of calculation of Thompson Weil (182,810 mg/KgBB), how to calculate Indonesian Pharmacopoeia (187,068 mg/KgBB). Based on the three calculations, the LD50 value is in the medium category (50-500 mg/kgBB).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Fibrinogen, Plasminogen,α2-Anti-Plasmin, and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Levels (PAI) and Their Correlation with Presence of Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 DM

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefika Burcak Polat ◽  
Nagihan Ugurlu ◽  
Fatma Yulek ◽  
Huseyin Simavli ◽  
Reyhan Ersoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

Background.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Retinopathy can still progress despite optimal metabolic control. The aim of the study was to determine whether different degrees of DR (proliferative or nonproliferative) were associated with abnormally modulated hemostatic parameters in patients with T1DM.Method.52 T1DM patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Patients were subdivided into three categories. Group I was defined as those without retinopathy, group II with NPRP, and group III with PRP. We compared these subgroups with each other and the control group (Group IV) according to the serum fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha2-anti-plasmin (α2-anti-plasmin), and PAI.Results. We detected that PAI-1, serum fibrinogen, and plasminogen levels were similar between the diabetic and control groups (P=0.209,P=0.224, andP=0.244, resp.), whereasα2-anti-plasmin was higher in Groups I, II, and III compared to the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05, andP<0.001, resp.). There was a positive correlation between serumα2-anti-plasmin and HbA1c levels (r=0,268,P=0.031).Conclusion. To our knowledge there is scarce data in the literature aboutα2-anti-plasmin levels in type 1 diabetes. A positive correlation betweenα2-anti-plasmin with HbA1c suggests that fibrinolytic markers may improve with disease regulation and better glycemic control.

Effects of Smoking and Lipid Profile of the Patient on the Onset and Maintenance of Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2648-2651
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ciavoi ◽  
Alina Tirb ◽  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Farah Bechir ◽  
Ilinca Suciu
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dental Plaque Index

The purpose of our study is to determine the correlation between the effects of smoking, triglycerides and cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL) and periodontal disease. 90 patients, smokers diagnosed with periodontal disease and 30 nonsmoker patients (control group), in the age of 30-60 years, were studied. Patients were divided into 4 groups, each of 30 patients as follows: group I - smokers up to 10 cigarettes a day, group II-smokers between 10-20 cigarettes a day, group III-over 20 cigarettes a day, group IV- control group, nonsmokers. The values of the Silness-Loe dental plaque index (DPI), the gingival bleeding index (GI), the Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) -Ramfjord were noted in both the examined and control groups. The values of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol showed statistically significant difference between the mean values �in the examined groups, while mean values �of HDL cholesterol in the second and third examined subgroups and control group were in higher range than the normal one. We concluded also that there is a relationship between smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked and the periodontal disease.

Effect of progesterone and oxytocin on conception rate in repeat breeding Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Dinesh Mahto
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
And Control

A total of 50 cross bred repeat breeder cattle were selected and grouped into 4 treatment and one control group which belonging to organized farms around, K. V. K. Gandhar, Jehanabad. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (500 mg) was administered I.M. on day 4 post A. I. in group I, In group II, 500mg progesterone was administered I M on day 4 and again on day 10. Evatocin (40 I.U.) was administered I.M. 5 minutes before A.I. to animals belonging to group III. The same drug was used through Intra vulvo-submucosal route (15 I.U.) to animals of group IV. Group V animals received no treatment and served as control. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by rectal palpation D 45-60 after artificial insemination. In group I, the conception rate was found to be 60% as against 20 % in the control (Non-significant), Gr II, the conception rate improved from 20% in control animals to 70% in treated animals (Significant) and Gr III, the C.R. 60% than control(20%) where as Gr IV, C.R. 40% . The difference in conception rate of treatment and control group animals was non-significant.

scholarly journals Effect of live weight on libido, sperm quality, testosterone and lute-inizing hormone in replacement stock of Ongole Grade bull

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Affandhy ◽  
H.P. Fitrayady ◽  
M. Luthfi ◽  
Y. Widyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Better Than

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of live weight (LW) on libido, sperm quality, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) in Ongole grade (OG) bull. This study used 32 heads of OG bull with a completely randomized design that were divided to four different LW groups, i.e. group I was 170 to <210kg, group II was 210 to <250kg, group III was 250 to <290kg and group IV was 290 to 330kg. Parameters: observed were libido, testosterone hormone, LH, and semen quality. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Libido of OG bull in group II and III higher than those in group IV. The testosterone hormone and LH showed that group II, III and IV were better than group I. The highest LH was in group IV, but low levels of testosterone were observed in these respective groups. Live sperm was the lowest in group I (21.25±13,20%) than II (66.00±11.17%), III (59.80±22.20%) and IV (75,67±9.46%). It can be concluded that the libido, sperm quality, testosterone, LH of OG bull in group II, III and IV were better than those in the group I, therefore standard LW of OG bulls had at least 250 kg.

scholarly journals Protection efficiency of red radish seeds and roots against paracetamol mediated hepatotoxicity in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Doha A. Mohamed ◽  
Rasha S. Mohamed ◽  
Hend A. Essa ◽  
Sherein S. Abdelgayed
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Red Radish

Introduction: Protection of liver from the aggressive force of various environmental and chemical agents is very important for the overall health of an individual. So, the present study aimed to evaluate the protection efficiency of crude extracts of red radish seeds and roots against paracetamol mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I was served as normal rats, Group II received orally single dose of 2 g paracetamol/kg body weight on the 22nd day, Group III and Group IV were administered orally with 300 mg/kg/d crude ethanol extract of either seeds or roots of red radish for 21 days, then received paracetamol on 22nd day. After 48 hours of paracetamol administration blood was withdrawn to determine the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gama-GT (γ-GT) as well as total and direct bilirubin. Also, liver tissues were separated to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as histological changes. Results: Pretreatment of rats with crude ethanol extract of either seeds or roots of red radish significantly (P ≤ 0.05) suppressed the elevations in serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP, γ- GT, total and direct bilirubin as well as liver MDA and NO levels. The results of histopathologic examinations were consistent with the biochemical results. Conclusion: Seeds and roots of red radish have a protection efficiency against paracetamol mediated oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in rats.

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