Analysis of Secondary Metabolites from Infloroscense Extract of Achyranthus Aspera

The qualitative study of extract of AchyranthesAspera influoroscence shows the presence of different secondary metabolites. The study of active component of influoroscence of Achyranthesaspera was extracted . Plant extract contains several secondary metabolites .The extract was used for different phytochemical test. Test was performed using extract prepared by soxhlet extraction method. This plant have anti oxidative agent ,free radicals , phytoconstituents , and carcinogen detoxification and antioxidant defence system. Keywords: secondary metabolites, phytochemical test, antiallergic activity, antiperoxidative agent ,detoxification etc.

Antiallergic Activity of 6-Deoxy-2-O-methyl-6-(N-hexadecanoyl)amino-l-ascorbic Acid

Allergy is an excessive immune response to a specific antigen. Type I allergies, such as hay fever and food allergies, have increased significantly in recent years and have become a worldwide problem. We previously reported that an ascorbic acid derivative having palmitoyl and glucosyl groups, 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-hexadecanoyl-l-ascorbic acid (6-sPalm-AA-2G), showed inhibitory effects on degranulation in vitro and on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. In this study, several palmitoyl derivatives of ascorbic acid were synthesized and a structure–activity relationship study was performed to discover more potent ascorbic acid derivatives with degranulation inhibitory activity. 6-Deoxy-2-O-methyl-6-(N-hexadecanoyl)amino-l-ascorbic acid (2-Me-6-N-Palm-AA), in which a methyl group was introduced into the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of ascorbic acid and in which the hydroxyl group at the C-6 position was substituted with an N-palmitoyl group, exhibited much higher inhibitory activity for degranulation in vitro than did 6-sPalm-AA-2G. 2-Me-6-N-Palm-AA strongly inhibit the PCA reaction in mice at lower doses than those of 6-sPalm-AA-2G. These findings suggest that 2-Me-6-N-Palm-AA may be a promising therapeutic candidate for allergic diseases.

Study of the antiallergic activity of the leaves of Moringa oleifera (moringaceae) in the albino mouse Mus musculus

Allergic diseases are constantly growing, however the efficiency of classical treatments is not total. Thus, new therapeutic tools are considered such as phytotherapy. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera in mice. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of poly terpenes/sterols, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids but also the absence of quinones and saponosides. The acute toxicity study at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) by the oral route revealed that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera is not toxic and would have an oral LD50 greater than to 2000 mg/kg bw. The anti-allergic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf Total Aquous Extract (E.T.A.) was evaluated by observing the number of scratching in allergic mice treated orally with two different doses of this extract. A reduction of the number of scratching in mice treated with the extract was observed. This was confirmed by hematological analysis where a considerable increase in the number of immune cells and a decrease in the recruitment of these cells to inflammatory sites were observed. This confirms that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera has a dose-dependent antiallergic activity

HMSC-Derived Exosome Inhibited Th2 Cell Differentiation via Regulating miR-146a-5p/SERPINB2 Pathway

Background. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global disease without specific treatment. Human mesenchymal stem cell- (HMSC-) derived exosomes (HMSC-exos) have been implicated for the amelioration of allergic inflammation by delivering miR-146a-5p in a mouse asthma model. However, the antiallergic activity and the underlying mechanism of HMSC-exos in AR remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of HMSC-exos in the pathogenesis of AR. Materials and Methods. Blood specimens were collected from AR patients and healthy donators for investigation. HMSC and CD4+ T cells were used in the present study. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the population of Type 1 helper T (Th1) and Th2 cells. Specific siRNA and overexpressed plasmids were designed to silence or overexpress the expressions of miR-146a-5p and SERPINB2. Luciferase reporter assay was adopted to explore the binding site of miR-146a-5p and SERPINB2. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblots were performed to estimate the expression of target genes. Results. The population of Th2 cells was significantly elevated in AR patients as compared with that in healthy donators. HMSC-exos could decrease the expression of SERPINB2 and the differentiation of Th2 cells. miR-146a-5p in HMSC-exos exhibited consistent effects and lowered the expression of SERPINB2 by binding on its 3 ′ UTR region. Moreover, the differentiation of Th2 cells was promoted by SERPINB2 that could be reversed by HMSC-exos. Additionally, the miR-146a-5p expression was negatively associated with the SERPINB2 expression in the serum of AR patients. Conclusion. HMSC-exos could inhibit the differentiation of Th2 cells via the regulation of the miR-146a-5p/SERPINB2 pathway. miR-146a-5p and SERPINB2 could be applied as potential targets for AR treatment.

Mechanistic Studies of the Antiallergic Activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. and Its Compounds

Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (Phyllanthaceae) is a medicinal plant that is commonly used to treat diseases such as asthma, diabetes, and anemia. This study aimed to examine the antiallergic activity of P. amarus extract and its compounds. The antiallergic activity was determined by measuring the concentration of allergy markers release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells with ketotifen fumarate as the positive control. As a result, P. amarus did not stabilize mast cell degranulation but exhibited antihistamine activity. The antihistamine activity was evaluated by conducting a competition radioligand binding assay on the histamine 1 receptor (H1R). Four compounds were identified from the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis which were phyllanthin (1), hypophyllanthin (2), niranthin (3), and corilagin (4). To gain insights into the binding interactions of the most active compound hypophyllanthin (2), molecular docking was conducted and found that hypophyllanthin (2) exhibited favorable binding in the H1R binding site. In conclusion, P. amarus and hypophyllanthin (2) could potentially exhibit antiallergic activity by preventing the activation of the H1 receptor.

Medicinal Potential and Scientific Validations of Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. ( Kampillaka ): A Review

Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) M Arg is one of the endangered plants in the central ecoregion. It belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinally important common perennial shrub used in indigenous medicine. It is distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Though it is a drug of herbal origin, it has been grouped into one of the eight Sadharana rasa groups [Glands and hairs of Mallotus philippinensis (Kampillaka), Arsenic (Somala), Ammonium Chloride (Navasagara), Cowri (Kaparda), Amber (Agnijaara), Red Oxide of Mercury (Girisindoora), Cinnabar (Hingula), Litharge (Muddaarashringa)] in Rasa - shastra (Ayurveda study of minerals and metals) of Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. M. philippinensis is included in Virecana ghana (group of medicinal plants or products use to purgation therapy) of Ayurveda medicine. Especially roots, fruits (also as fruit powder) and the leaves are used for medicinal purposes. Leaves are bitter and have a cooling and appetizing nature. The glands/hairs of the fruit and the leaves are recommended for dermal problems. So far, scientific studies have been carried out to prove and look-into the pharmacological activities of M. philippinensis. Here, an attempt is taken to summarize the distribution, morphology, Ayurveda and traditional uses, and scientific investigations on M. philippinensis . Researchers have scientifically proven the Antimicrobial activity, Hepatoprotective activity, Anti-Leukemic activity, Anti-HIV activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Anti-filarial activity, Analgesic and hypnotic activity, Antiproliferative activity, Antifertility activity, Purgative activity and Anthelmintic activity and Antiallergic activity against different parts of the M. philippinensis.

Crystal Structure and Supramolecular Architecture of Antiallergic Diphenylene Diethyl Dioxalamates

The crystal structure and the supramolecular architectures of the antiallergic compounds N,N′-(4,4′-methanediyl-di-phenyl)-bis-diethyl dioxalamate (1); N′,N′-(4,4′-oxydi-p-phenylene)-bis-diethyl dioxalamate (2); N,N′-(4,4′-biphenylene)-bis- diethyl dioxalamate (3) are reported. The supramolecular self-assembly in 1-3 is driven by N-H···O=C hydrogen bonds and reinforced by C-H···O=C, C-H···π and C=O···C=O interactions. The three compounds preferred to form cross-linked supramolecular architectures. Intermolecular interactions also were studied by the Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealing that the H···H, O···H, and C···H are the more dominant contacts in the three compounds. The knowledge of crystal structure will allow us to perform theoretical studies to evaluate the antiallergic activity of compounds 1-3.