scholarly journals Pedagogical heritage of the political tandem Krupskaya - Lunacharsky

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.П. Смирнов
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Labor School ◽  
The Revolution

В статье показано, как в результате Октябрьской революции 1917 года было прервано развитие педагогической науки в России. В результате догматического прочтения идеи немецкого философа Карла Маркса, неверно интерпретированной вождем революции В.И. Лениным, был выдвинут ошибочный лозунг обязательного «соединения обучения с производительным трудом молодого поколения». Основываясь на нем, Н.К. Крупская навязала образованию тупиковую модель так называемой «трудовой школы». Она ввергла российскую школу в десятилетие хаоса и ошибок, привела к дезориентации педагогической общественности, разрушению системы профессиональных учебных заведений. Таков неизбежный результат любого политического вмешательства в образование и идеологии – в научную педагогику. Автор считает идею трудовой школы «русским крестом» отечественной педагогики, а степень ее восприятия – тестом на объективность и профессионализм российских ученых. Крупская Надежда Константиновна (1869–1939 г.г.) – жена вождя революции В.И. Ленина, одна из идеологов педагогики марксизма и создателей советской системы народного образования, заместитель наркома просвещения РСФСР, доктор педагогических наук, почетный член АН СССР. С 1930 года была отстранена от работы в Наркомпросе и занялась вопросами библиотечной работы. Луначарский Анатолий Васильевич (1875–1933 г.г.) – близкий соратник В.И. Ленина, первый нарком просвещения РСФСР, искусствовед, писатель, переводчик. В 1929 году смещён с поста наркома и назначен директором Института литературы и языка Коммунистической академии. Сторонник латинизации русского алфавита. Академик АН СССР. The article shows how, as a result of the October Revolution, 1917, the development of pedagogical science in Russia was interrupted. As a result of a dogmatic reading of the idea of the German philosopher Karl Marx, which was incorrectly interpreted by the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin, the erroneous slogan was put forward of the obligatory “combination of education with the productive labor of the young generation”. Based on it, N.K. Krupskaya imposed an impasse on the model of the so-called labor school. It plunged the Russian school into a decade of chaos and mistakes, which led to disorientation of the pedagogical community, the destruction of the system of professional educational institutions. This is an inevitable result of any political interference in education and ideology – in scientific pedagogy. The author considers the idea of a labor school to be the “Russian cross” of Russian pedagogy, and the degree of its perception is treated as a test of the objectivity and professionalism of Russian scientists. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna (1869–1939) – the wife of the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin, one of the ideologists of pedagogy of Marxism and the creators of the Soviet public education system, deputy commissar of education of the RSFSR, doctor of pedagogical sciences, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1930, she was removed from her position, and was engaged in library work. Lunacharsky Anatoly Vasilievich (1875–1933) – a close associate of V.I. Lenin, the first People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR, an art critic, writer, translator. In 1929, he was removed from his position as people's commissar and was appointed director of the Institute of Literature and Language of the Communist Academy. Supporter of the Latinization of the Russian alphabet.

scholarly journals Correspondence of S.F. Platonov and M.M. Bogoslovsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Melnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the source features of a unique documentary complex – the correspondence of two major Russian historians S.F. Platonov (1860–1933) and M.M. Bogoslovsky (1867–1929). The epistolary dialogue of scientists is of considerable interest not only in terms of studying their life and work. The confidential correspondence reflects significant events in the scientific and social life of Russia, Moscow, Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad. Correspondence is a valuable historical and historiographic source not only for understanding the development of historical science in Russia, the formation of Moscow and St. Petersburg historical schools, but also for studying the public consciousness of the Russian humanitarian intelligentsia at the end of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries, in-depth knowledge of the culture of a turning point in the history of Russia. The letters contain valuable information about the everyday life and life of the professors, the organization of scientific life at the Academy of Sciences, the Archaeographic commission, at Moscow university and the Moscow theological academy, at the Moscow higher courses for women, at the Institute of history of the RANION, the Historical Museum, other higher educational institutions and scientific societies two capitals, they reflect the international ties of domestic historical science with scientists from Great Britain, Germany, France, USA, Czech Republic.

GRIGORY IVANOVICH FISCHER VON WALDHEIM AND HIS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-557
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gushchin ◽  
Galina Bryantseva ◽  
Yevgeny Dubinin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
German Origin ◽  
New Type ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Grigory Ivanovich Fischer von Waldheim (Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim) was an outstanding Russian naturalist-encyclopedist of German origin, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and an honorary professor at Moscow University. From 1804 until the end of his life he worked in Moscow. Author of numerous works on entomology, paleontology, mineralogy and geology. His monographs Entomography of Russia and Orictography of the Moscow Gubernia played an important role in the development of natural science in Russia. G.I. Fischer is the founder of scientific zoology and paleontology in Russia, the founder of Moscow University’s Museum of Natural History as a new type of museum, one of the founders and the first director of the Moscow Society of Nature Experts, which still exists today.

Vanguard of the Revolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

This book is a sweeping history of one of the most significant political institutions of the modern world. The communist party was a revolutionary idea long before its supporters came to power. The book argues that the rise and fall of communism can be understood only by taking into account the origins and evolution of this compelling idea. It shows how the leaders of parties in countries as diverse as the Soviet Union, China, Germany, Yugoslavia, Cuba, and North Korea adapted the original ideas of revolutionaries like Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin to profoundly different social and cultural settings. The book is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand world communism and the captivating idea that gave it life.

Communism: The Philosophical Foundations

Philosophy ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (257) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Flew
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Ludwig Feuerbach ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
Predicate Expression

‘Karl Marx was a German philosopher.’ It is with this seminal sentence that Leszek Kolakowski begins his great work on The Main Currents of Marxism: its Rise, Growth and Dissolution (Oxford: Clarendon, 1978). Both the two terms in the predicate expression are crucial. It is most illuminating to think of Marx as originally a philosopher, even though nothing in his vastly voluminous works makes any significant contribution to philosophy in any academic understanding of that term. It is also essential to recognize that for both Marx and Engels philosophy was always primarily, indeed almost exclusively, what they and their successors called classical German philosophy. This was a tradition seen as achieving its climactic fulfilment in the work of Hegel, and one which they themselves identified as a main stimulus to their own thinking. Thus Engels, in Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, claimed that ‘The German working-class movement is the inheritor of German classical philosophy’.

Scientific journals of Russia and the activities of international would-be scientific network structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
Yuriy Mikhailovich Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
News Magazines ◽  
Publishing Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The paper deals with the problem of network dependence of Russian news magazines and the actual dictates of international network structures (Scopus, WOS, etc.) that set their own requirements for their content and quality. The latter influence not only the scientific rating of journals, but also the publishing policy of their publications. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the rules of the game imposed by them have been adopted by the country's state authorities and, first of all, by the Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation, which has tightened the requirements for reports of scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers and teachers, including mandatory publications in Scopus and other international databases. Despite the efforts made by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the leadership of higher education institutions, Russian science was dependent on these structures, which began to determine the directions and priorities of its development, including selecting the subject and language of journal publications. The scientific community of Russia is faced with the task of protecting the interests of journal editors and protecting the right of authors to Express their own scientific position and the ability to present publications in their native language.

Humanitarian journals of Russia in the grip of international network structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
International Network ◽  
News Magazines ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Publishing Policy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The paper deals with the problem of network dependence of Russian news magazines and the actual dictates of international network structures (Scopus, WOS, etc.) that set their own requirements for their content and quality. The latter influence not only the scientific rating of journals, but also the publishing policy of their publications. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the rules of the game imposed by them have been adopted by the country's state authorities and, first of all, by the Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation, which has tightened the requirements for reports of scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers and teachers, including mandatory publications in Scopus and other international databases. Despite the efforts made by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the leadership of higher education institutions, Russian science was dependent on these structures, which began to determine the directions and priorities of its development, including selecting the subject and language of journal publications. All this is a direct violation of the constitutional norms of the Russian state and the right to freedom of scientific creativity of scientists. The scientific community of Russia is faced with the task of protecting the interests of journal editors and protecting the right of authors to Express their own scientific position and the ability to present publications in their native language.

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RELATIONS OF UZBEKISTAN WITH EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Burxon B. Jahongirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Education Department ◽  
World Science ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Department Faculty

In this article, Uzbekistan’s international relations in the field of science have literally developed during the years of independence. The higher educational institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the research institutes and research centers of the Academy of Sciences have estabilishad bilateral and multilateral scientific cooperation with their European partners. The result was a scientific cillabaration that was previousiy impossible for obvious reasons. Research works on topical scientific topics of world science, economic and social significance for our region, in particular, Uzbekistan.Index Terms: science, science and technology, research, research center, Academy of Sciences, higher education, department, faculty, student, grant, international program, cooperation, agreement

Ethnicity and Anthropology in the Soviet Union

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Gellner
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
The West ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Interaction History ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Revolution

InThePastDecade, a minor revolution has taken place within Soviet Anthropology. ‘Ethnography’ is one of the recognised disciplines in the Soviet academic world, and corresponds roughly to what in the West is called social anthropology. This revolution has as yet been barely noticed by outside observers (1). Its leader is Yulian Bromley, a very Russian scholar with a very English surname, Director of the Institute of Ethnography of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. The revolution consists of making ethnography into the studies of ethnos-es, or, in current Western academic jargon, into the study of ethnicity—in other words the study of the phenomena of national feeling, identity, and interaction. History is about chaps, geography is about maps, and ethnography is about ethnoses. What else ? The revolution is supported by arguments weightier than mere verbal suggestiveness; but by way of persuasive consideration, etymology is also invoked.

scholarly journals Perbaikan Bacaan Alquran melalui Kegiatan Tahsin al-Qiraah

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Zulham Zulham Khoir ◽  
Tiy Kusmarrabbi Karo ◽  
Slamet Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Literacy And Writing

Aceh Tamiang is an area with a majority Muslim population, not even one in Adil Makmur Village, Tenggulun, which is the location for this activity to find other places of worship besides mosques and prayer rooms. However, there is a decline in the quality of reading and writing the Koran in today's young generation compared to previous generations. This is due to the lack of parental attention to the quality of children's reading of the Koran, because they have fully surrendered this role to existing Koranic educational institutions. While in the previous generation, most parents were very disciplined for matters related to religious knowledge, especially reading and writing the Koran. The implementation of this Action Research aims to improve the literacy and writing skills of the young generation of the Koran in Adil Makmur Village, Tenggulun, Aceh Tamiang by empowering STAI As-sunnah students for Tahsin al-Qiraah activities. The method used is Participatory Action Research. By doing 3 stages: Planning-Action-Evaluation. The result of this activity: increased public enthusiasm for the importance of the younger generation having the ability to read and write the Koran in Adil Makmur Village, Tenggulun, Aceh Tamiang. In addition, this activity has also succeeded in making the role of parents as the main guides for children re-enforced

scholarly journals Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Region: current problems of development – 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 494-514
Author(s):  
E.M. Astafieva ◽  
◽  
N.P. Maletin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The paper provides an overview of the reports presented at the conference "Southeast Asia and the South Pacific region: current problems of development", which was held in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences on December 18, 2019. In the annual inter-institute conference of Orientalists organized by the Center for Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania studies academics, as well as applicants and post-graduates from various academic, research and educational institutions, participated.

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