IS CLIMATE INDICATOR AFFECTS TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CLIMATIC IMPACTS ON COVID-19 TRANSMISSION

The climate variations have lot of the financial, medical and economic consequences. Studies showed that climate plays the vital role in virus transmission. This study analyzed the impact of climate indicators on COVID-19 concerning Pakistan. The secondary data is used for analysis as obtained from world health organization, ministry of health Pakistan and Pakistan meteorological department. The results show that all the research variables like temperature maximum, temperature minimum, humidity, and wind flow are positively and significantly correlated to COVID-19. Findings show that temperature maximum, temperature minimum, and wind flow have the positive and significant association with COVID-19, while the humidity has a positive impact on COVID-19 transmission. The study show that minimum temperature is favorable for the virus transmission. Thus, the study provides significant results in reaching the decision and concluding the study.

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Modeling the Impact of Climate Changes on Crop Yield: Irrigated vs. Non-Irrigated Zones in Mississippi

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13122249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2249

Author(s):

Sadia Alam Shammi ◽

Qingmin Meng

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Growing Season ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

The Impact

Climate change and its impact on agriculture are challenging issues regarding food production and food security. Many researchers have been trying to show the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on agriculture using different methods. In this study, we used linear regression models to assess the impact of climate on crop yield spatially and temporally by managing irrigated and non-irrigated crop fields. The climate data used in this study are Tmax (maximum temperature), Tmean (mean temperature), Tmin (minimum temperature), precipitation, and soybean annual yields, at county scale for Mississippi, USA, from 1980 to 2019. We fit a series of linear models that were evaluated based on statistical measurements of adjusted R-square, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). According to the statistical model evaluation, the 1980–1992 model Y[Tmax,Tmin,Precipitation]92i (BIC = 120.2) for irrigated zones and the 1993–2002 model Y[Tmax,Tmean,Precipitation]02ni (BIC = 1128.9) for non-irrigated zones showed the best fit for the 10-year period of climatic impacts on crop yields. These models showed about 2 to 7% significant negative impact of Tmax increase on the crop yield for irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Besides, the models for different agricultural districts also explained the changes of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation in the irrigated (adjusted R-square: 13–28%) and non-irrigated zones (adjusted R-square: 8–73%). About 2–10% negative impact of Tmax was estimated across different agricultural districts, whereas about −2 to +17% impacts of precipitation were observed for different districts. The modeling of 40-year periods of the whole state of Mississippi estimated a negative impact of Tmax (about 2.7 to 8.34%) but a positive impact of Tmean (+8.9%) on crop yield during the crop growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Overall, we assessed that crop yields were negatively affected (about 2–8%) by the increase of Tmax during the growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated zones. Both positive and negative impacts on crop yields were observed for the increases of Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation, respectively, for irrigated and non-irrigated zones. This study showed the pattern and extent of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation and their impacts on soybean yield at local and regional scales. The methods and the models proposed in this study could be helpful to quantify the climate change impacts on crop yields by considering irrigation conditions for different regions and periods.

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The Giving Of Disciplinary Penalty of Civil Servants Based On Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 in Governments of Demak Regency

Jurnal Daulat Hukum ◽

10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 443

Author(s):

Muhammad Adib ◽

Sri Kusriyah Kusriyah ◽

Siti Rodhiyah Dwi Istinah

Keyword(s):

Government Regulation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Civil Servant ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Disciplinary Action ◽

Primary Data ◽

Immediate Supervisor ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 regarding the discipline of the Civil Servant loading obligations, prohibitions, and disciplinary action which could be taken to the Civil Servant who has been convicted of the offense, is intended to foster a Civil Servant who has committed an offense, the form of disciplinary punishment is mild, moderate, and weight. Disciplinary punishment for the Civil Servant under Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 Concerning the Discipline of Civil Servants. The formulation of this journal issue contains about how the process of disciplinary punishment, and constraints and efforts to overcome the impact of the Civil Servant disciplinary punishment in Government of Demak regency. The approach used in this study is a sociological juridical approach or juridical empirical, that is an approach that examines secondary data first and then proceed to conduct research in the field of primary data normative. The process of giving disciplinary sanctions for State Civil Apparatus in Government of Demak regency begins with the examination conducted by the immediate supervisor referred to in the legislation governing the authority of appointment, transfer and dismissal of civil servants. The results showed that in general the process of sanctioning / disciplinary punishment of civil servants in the Government of Demak be said to be good and there have been compliance with the existing regulations / applied in Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010, although it encountered the competent authorities judge still apply tolerance against the employee, but also a positive impact among their deterrent good not to repeat the same offense or one level higher than before either the Civil Servant concerned or the other. Obstacles in carrying out disciplinary punishment in Government of Demak regency environment is still low awareness of employees to do and be disciplined in performing the tasks for instance delays incoming work, lack of regulatory discipline, lack of supervision system and any violations of employee discipline. There must be constraints to overcome need for cooperation with other stakeholders comprising Inspectorate, BKPP, and the immediate superior civil servants in this way can be mutually reinforcing mutual communication, consultation, coordination so that if later there is a problem in the future could be accounted for.Keywords: Delivery of Disciplinary Sanctions; Civil Servant; Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010.

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Changes in Catastrophic Health Expenditures Depending on Health Policies in Turkey

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.614449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Guvenc Kockaya ◽

Gülpembe Oguzhan ◽

Zafer Çalşkan

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Health Expenditures ◽

Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽

Health Policies ◽

World Health ◽

Positive Health ◽

Catastrophic Health Expenditures ◽

The Impact

Without any financial protection out of pocket health expenses are essential both because their increase causes difficulties in accessing higher quality health services for households and more importantly because it complicates access to most basic health services. As a result of the Health Transformation Program in practice in the Turkish healthcare system since 2003, significant changes have been done in all layers of the health system. Turkish Statistics Institute (TurkStat) publishes the ratio of households that bear catastrophic health expenditures since 2002. According to TurkStat data, the ratio of households with catastrophic expenditure has fallen from 0.81% in 2002 to 0.17% in 2011 with the health transformation project. However, it has started to rise since 2012 and has reached 0.31% in 2014. This study aims to evaluate the expenditure items that may have caused the rise of the ratio of households with catastrophic health expenditures since 2012, which had previously dropped with the Health Transformation Program that has caused fundamental changes in health policies. Methodology and definitions presented in the article named “Distribution of health payments and catastrophic expenditures: Methodology” by Ke Xu published by the World Health Organization in 2005 have been used. Percentages of health expenditure items among the total expenditure of households with positive health expenditure and households with catastrophic health expenditure between 2007 and 2014 have been evaluated using descriptive analysis. Findings have been interpreted in light of the health policies in practice between 2007 and 2014. An overview of the impact of the health policies reveals that medicine expenditures have decreased both for household and public health expenditures. Despite the impact of policies on the pharmaceutical industry was criticized by the industry, the positive impact can be seen by the decrease in the spending on medicine for households spending on health. Hospital service with positive health expenditure is seen to decrease health expenditure. The reasons for the increase in households with catastrophic health expenditure need further research. As a result, the study strives to discuss the possible policy reasons for the observed effects.

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Learning Losses Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic - A Significant Threat to Economic Development

European Journal of Education ◽

10.26417/175nzz76a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Tea Kasradze ◽

Nino Zarnadze

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Development ◽

International Organizations ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Market Demand ◽

Local Policy ◽

Education Systems ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

The Impact

Numerous studies show that there is a positive correlation between education and the economic development of the country. Strong education systems have a positive impact not only on the success of individuals but also on the economy of the entire country. Graduates equipped with the skills required by the labor market can easily find a place in this market. Knowledge and skills relevant to market demand increase productivity have a positive impact on economic growth and development. Unfortunately, Covid Pandemic has severely damaged the education systems. Governments, scientists, and experts provide us with statistical information daily around the world about both the slowdown in economic growth as a whole and the problems of individual sectors of the economy. These are the problems and numbers that are already visible and it can be said that the losses are easily measurable. However, the damage caused to the economy by education systems affected by the pandemic will be felt by countries and humanity years later, nor will it be easy to calculate. The problem is even more difficult in poor and developing countries. This paper aims to study the impact of the Covid Pandemic on the education system and economy in Georgia. The research examines the reports and studies of various international organizations, analyzing the secondary data obtained from them. Local policy documents, government reports and regulations, and papers of different researchers have also been studied, conclusions have been made and relevant recommendations have been developed.

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The Impact of Stakeholders on the Achievement of the Projects Within Malian Firms: Case of SODEMA

International Business Research ◽

10.5539/ibr.v13n3p87 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Tiédian Fané ◽

Toumani Bagayoko

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Primary Data ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Model Project ◽

Anova Table ◽

Industry Needs ◽

The Impact

This study highlights the impact of stakeholders on achievement of projects. The recommendations should be used as guideline for Malian projects. The quantitative and qualitative methods, primary data collected by questionnaires and interviews are used. Secondary data are gotten from articles, journals and online resources. The research framework was analyzed using simple regression models. Hypothesis test is adopted to accept or reject the hypotheses formulated in this research. Excel software have been used to perform regression statistics, predicting with the regression equation, Hypothesis test for correlation, ANOVA table and Regression equation plot. The results suggest that stakeholders have significant impact on achievement of projects. Stakeholders have a positive impact on achievement of projects is valid hypothesis. This study makes several contributions to research and theory of key stakeholders and achievement of projects. A greater understanding of stakeholders and achievement of projects provided further investigation of the relationship between of stakeholders and achievement of projects. This model can be used by other project for its achievement. Through the use of this model, project can quickly identify stakeholders requiring special and urgent attention. SODEMA industry needs improvement in communication with stakeholders. The theoretical model developed in this study is applicable in practice.

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DAMPAK PEMBERITAAN PENYALAHGUNAAN FORMALIN DI SEKTOR KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN

Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan ◽

10.15578/jsekp.v2i1.5864 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Yayan Hikmayani ◽

Siti Hajar Suryawati ◽

Agus Heri Purnomo ◽

Zahri Nasution

Keyword(s):

Policy Analysis ◽

Field Survey ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Fish Products ◽

On Demand ◽

Central Java ◽

Field Notes ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Impact

Riset dampak pemberitaan penyalahgunaan formalin di sektor kelautan dan perikanan telah dilakukan pada tahun 2006. Riset ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauhmana dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat pemberitaan tentang penyalahgunaan formalin di sektor kelautan dan perikanan pada produsen dan konsumen. Pendekatan studi digunakan melalui analisis kebijakan. Data primer dan sekunder dirumuskan sesuai keperluan analisis kebijakan ini yaitu penelusuran terhadap dampak pemberitaan formalin terhadap produsen dan konsumen di sektor kelautan dan perikanan. Kemudian data hasil verifikasi dan survey lapang yang berasal dari kuesioner dan catatan lapangan (field notes) diolah secara deskriptif untuk mendapatkan interpretasi logis. Lokasi studi ditetapkan secara sengaja (purposive) dengan kriteria tersebut merupakan sentra penanganan dan pengolahan produk perikanan dan diberitakan banyak menggunakan bahan kimia formalin yaitu Jawa Barat (Karawang), Jawa Tengah (Semarang), DKI Jakarta dan Bandar Lampung. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa bagi produsen yang meliputi nelayan, pengolah dan pembudidaya ikan dampak negatif dari pemberitaan formalin adalah menurunnya permintaan ikan hasil tangkapan dan olahan sehingga pendapatan nelayan dan pengolah menjadi berkurang, sedangkan bagi konsumen dampak negatifnya konsumen jadi takut mengkonsumsi ikan laut dan hasil olahan sehingga lebih memilih mengkonsumsi tempe/tahu dan telur. Dampak positifnya bagi produsen baik nelayan dan pengolah yaitu sebagian dari mereka jadi mengetahui bahwa formalin tersebut membahayakan dan berusaha tidak menggunakan lagi. Dampak positif bagi konsumen bertambah pengetahuan tentang bahaya formalin sehingga mereka akan lebih hati-hati dalam mengkonsumsi ikan dan untuk sementara konsumsi ikan mereka dialihkan ke ikan hasil budidaya yang banyak dijual dalam kondisi hidup. Tittle: The Impact of Announcement on The Mis-used of Formalin in Marine and Fisheries SectorResearch on impact of mis-used of formalin in marine and fisheries sector have been done in 2006. The aim of the research was to show the impact of announcement on the mis-used of formalin to producers and consumers. Policy analysis approach was used as the method of study. Primary and secondary data were formulated accordingly to meet the requirement of the policy analysis, that is impact of media release on both side of producers and consumers. Verified data and field survey processed descriptively to build logical interpretation.The locations of study were specified in purpose to represent the center of handling and processing of fisheries product indicated with formalyn abuse. These location were West Java (Karawang), Central Java (Semarang), DKI Jakarta and Bandar Lampung. The results of study showed that the negative impacts of the news on formalin abuse to the producers were decreasing on demand of catch and processed fish products, which in turn reduce the income of the fisherman and fish processors. On the other side, the consumer shift their preference to other products such as tempe, tofu and eggs. The positive impacts to the fisherman and fish processors were the knowledge of the danger of formalin abuse on their products and they avoid to use the chemical. The positive impact on fish consumers were the awareness on formalin use on health arose and temporary their fish consumption shifted to the aqucultured fish which sold in living form.

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Growth of Capital Market in Nepal: Impact on Capitalization, GDP and NEPSE Index

Saptagandaki Journal ◽

10.3126/sj.v11i0.36898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 66-83

Author(s):

Dhan Raj Chalise

Keyword(s):

Capital Market ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Secondary Market ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

The Impact ◽

The Capital Market

The capital market plays an importance role in an economy and provides the opportunity to the investor for the mobilization and channelization of funds. Nepalese capital market is in growing and improving phase. The objective of this study is to analyze the evaluation of the existing status of the capital market in term of its composition of types of the capital market and to examine the impact of capital mobilization in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and to examine the contribution of capital market in financial resources and GDP. Besides, the study examines the share transaction in Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) and its impact on NEPSE Index. The study period of 2000/01 to 2018/19 has been used for study purposes. Through the use of descriptive research design, the trends of capital market development track after 2000/01 to present status has been presented. Secondary data are analyzed through the use of regression and other descriptive statists to convert the information into data. The result indicates that the ordinary shares in the primary capital market and market capitalization in the secondary market has significant contribution for the capital market in Nepal. Also, the study reveals that there is a significant and positive impact of capital mobilization on GDP and the number of share transactions on the NEPSE Index in the Nepalese capital market. Hence there is a significant contribution of the capital market for financial resources mobilization and GDP of Nepal. The study reports for modernization and systematization of the capital market need more optimal efforts from concerned stakeholders.

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The Impact of the Regulatory Sandbox on the Fintech Industry, with a Discussion on the Relation between Regulatory Sandboxes and Open Innovation

Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity ◽

10.3390/joitmc6020043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jayoung James Goo ◽

Joo-Yeun Heo

Keyword(s):

Comparative Research ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Vital Role ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Country Level ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

Venture Investment ◽

Regulatory Uncertainty ◽

Regulatory Barriers ◽

The Impact

As the fintech industry grows around the world, regulatory issues continue to be a hot topic within the industry. To overcome regulatory barriers of the fintech industry, regulatory sandboxes have been adopted. The regulatory sandboxes are beneficial to create a fintech ecosystem, but their effectiveness has not been empirically supported. This study aims to find the expected effects of regulatory sandboxes on fintech venture investments empirically. We conducted an analysis using a country-level comparative research method. To analyze it, we selected nine forerunning countries which have initially adopted regulatory sandboxes. For the purpose of validations, a comparative analysis and a regression analysis were conducted. In the results, we found that the adoption of regulatory sandboxes had very positive influences on the growth of the fintech venture investment. The results implied that regulatory sandboxes may play a vital role in increasing the influx of venture capital into the fintech venture ecosystem by removing regulatory uncertainty. The findings of this research contribute to providing the empirical evidences to policy makers in interpretations of the positive impact of regulatory sandboxes.

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Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12998-020-00353-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Iben Axén ◽

Cecilia Bergström ◽

Marc Bronson ◽

Pierre Côté ◽

Casper Glissmann Nim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Media ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Collective Responsibility ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Best Interests ◽

World Health ◽

Chiropractic Treatment ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background In March 2020, the World Health Organization elevated the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic to a pandemic and called for urgent and aggressive action worldwide. Public health experts have communicated clear and emphatic strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Hygiene rules and social distancing practices have been implemented by entire populations, including ‘stay-at-home’ orders in many countries. The long-term health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet known. Main text During this time of crisis, some chiropractors made claims on social media that chiropractic treatment can prevent or impact COVID-19. The rationale for these claims is that spinal manipulation can impact the nervous system and thus improve immunity. These beliefs often stem from nineteenth-century chiropractic concepts. We are aware of no clinically relevant scientific evidence to support such statements. We explored the internet and social media to collect examples of misinformation from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand regarding the impact of chiropractic treatment on immune function. We discuss the potential harm resulting from these claims and explore the role of chiropractors, teaching institutions, accrediting agencies, and legislative bodies. Conclusions Members of the chiropractic profession share a collective responsibility to act in the best interests of patients and public health. We hope that all chiropractic stakeholders will view the COVID-19 pandemic as a call to action to eliminate the unethical and potentially dangerous claims made by chiropractors who practise outside the boundaries of scientific evidence.

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IMPACT OF COVID -19 ON INCOME OF THE TELLA SERASAN FOREST FARMER GROUP KPH BENAKAT PROVINCE OF SOUTH SUMATERA

Sylva: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Kehutanan ◽

10.32502/sylva.v10i1.3601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Yayat Hidayat ◽

Delfy Lensari ◽

Junaidii Junaidii

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Economic Aspect ◽

Primary Data ◽

Social Forestry ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

The Impact

Social forestry provides an increase in the production and income of people in Tanggamus Regency as well as Kulon Progo Regency and Gunung Kidul Regency. KTH Tella Serasan also has a positive impact from the economic aspect, but with the covid 19 pandemic, members of the Tella Serasan Forest Farmers Group also experienced the impact of a decline in income, therefore further research was needed to what extent the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on income for the community, especially the Tella Serasan Farmer Group. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the income of the Tella Serasan Forest Farmer Group, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. This research was conducted in December 2020 – April 2021. The research was conducted at Tella Serasan Teluk Limau Village, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province with the number of respondents in this study amounting to 54 respondents. The data Collected were primary data and secondary data. The income of the community before the Covid-19 pandemic in the plantation sector was Rp. 212,360,000 years/ha, livestock sector Rp.55,600,000/year and other sources of income Rp. 158.100.000/year. Community income during the COVID-19 pandemic in the plantation sector was Rp.144,335,000 year/ha, the livestock sector was Rp. 35.400.000/year, and other sources of income Rp. 127,835,000/year.

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