Conceptul lovinescian de „intelectualizare” a literaturii față cu ipoteza postbelică a țăranului „intelectualizat”

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Teodora Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Rural Literature ◽  
Romanian Literature

In this essay I investigate the multiple and ambiguous ways in which the Romanian critic Eugen Lovinescu instrumentalized one hundred years ago the concept of „intellectualization” regarding the process of Romanian literature evolution towards modernity, a process associated with abandoning its rural roots in order to become thematically more urbane oriented. I also investigate the polemical echoes of Lovinescu’s action during the Interwar period and after, especially during the Communist era (1948-89), when his texts and thesis were largely deformed in order to both subvert and accommodate the Communist regime agenda towards peasant and rural literature.

Jurisprudence of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission: Albania Claims

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bederman
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Second World ◽  
Of Greece

Albania ranks among the smallest and poorest countries in Europe, located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas just north of Greece. It gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912 (accounting for the fact that a majority of the population is Muslim) and subsisted as a monarchy for much of the interwar period. Albania was occupied by Italy (and then Nazi Germany) for all of the Second World War. Communist partisans expelled the Germans in 1944, without the assistance of Soviet forces, and thus began nearly a half-century of a totalitarian, isolationist rule by an extremely repressive Communist regime under the leadership of Enver Hoxha and Ramiz Alia. This regime was definitively overthrown in 1991. Since that time, Albania has been periodically wracked by civil and political unrest, leading to substantial violence in 1997 that was quelled only with the brief deployment of a UN multinational protection force.

scholarly journals Polsko-rumuńskie konferencje w Suczawie

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Literature

From 1999 Polish and Romanian humanists face each other on conferences in Suceava (Romanian Bucovina) which are part of “Polish Days” in Romania organized by the Association of Poles in Romania. Polish and Romanian historians, ethnographers, sociologists, politologists and linguists deliver lectures and discuss Polish-Romanian contacts and relations in the past and present. from the Polish part many historical lectures concern the interwar period and the problem of Polish refugees in Romania during the World War II. In the period between1918–1945 the relations between Poles and Romanians were rather friendly and now these topics are discussed most frequently. Among the Romanian historians there are more specialists on the relations between Moldova and the Polish Kingdom till the end of 18th century. Many historians focus on the Polish-Romanian relations in the years 1945–1989. Most of the lectures concerning the political present were delivered by the Poles. Cultural sections of the conference concentrate on mutual language influences, Polish–Romanian literature contacts, translations of Polish literature into Romania and Romanian literature into Poland, the analyses of literary works, Polish studies in Romania and Romanian studies in Poland, the perception of Romanian culture among the Poles and vice versa, the problems of religions, education, libraries, music and tourism. Polish etnographers concentrate on the problems of Polish Bucovinians but the most discussed subject is not the history of Polish Bucovinians but their local dialect. Most of the conference lectures were printed. “Polish Days” in Suceava are the most important event organized by the very active Association of Poles in Romania and they help breaking the stereotypes and enhance the integration between the Poles and Romanians.. In general the conferences in Suceava do not have their equivalent in the contacts between humanists of other countries.

“A shadow crossed the tail of his eye”: The Reception of Virginia Woolf in Romania: Heritage Transformed

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Varga
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Henry George ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Romanian Literature ◽  
Experimental Novel

Orlando becomes a woman in Constantinople, attempting to escape the unwanted affections of Archduke Harry disguised as Archduchess Harriet Griselda of Finster-Aarhorn and Scand-op-Boom. The character of the Archduke was inspired by Henry George Charles Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood, one of Vita Sackville-west’s early suitors. However, in Orlando, Archduchess Harriet, lust personified, is Romanian. Echoes of Romania are faint in Virginia Woolf’s fiction, essays, and diaries, much more so than references to other Eastern European and Balkan cultures, such as Greece or Russia. On the other hand, Woolf’s influence on Romanian literature, although very strong today, has been hardly studied. In this essay, I discuss the reception of Virginia Woolf in Romania during the interwar period, by looking at reviews and critical works published about Woolf’s works. I do this in order to delineate possible connections between Woolf and Romanian writers who were her contemporaries. Although it has been traditionally thought that cultural and literary connections were stronger between Romania and France or Romania and Germany, my research of periodicals and translations from this period shows that Woolf’s works were read and often discussed by Romanian critics and readers, and that her influence was much stronger than previously thought. Especially when considering the modernist experimental novel, several reviews published in Romania at this time show that Romanian critics recognized and were influenced by the originality and value of Woolf’s modernist experiment.

The Translation and Reception of Virginia Woolf in Romania (1926–89)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
Adriana Varga
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Novelists

This chapter reviews the history of the reception and translation of Virginia Woolf’s works in Romania during the interwar period, the early 1940s, and the communist era (1945—1989), with a special focus on the reception of Orlando: A Biography in Vera Călin’s 1968 translation. It begins with a discussion of the earliest reviews of Woolf’s works and the first translations of her fiction, pointing out that during the interwar period Romanian critics considered Woolf to be part of a generation of British novelists who sought to push the limits of the genre and experiment with its language and form in ways that were similar to their own. Everything changed after 1945, when reviews and translations of Woolf and other Western authors came to a halt under the newly instituted communist regime and Soviet occupation. Translations began to flourish again starting in 1968, in a system that, paradoxically, both encouraged and censored them. It is this relationship between translation and censorship that the last part of this chapter examines, revealing interconnections of text and image, co-optation and subversion, original and translation.

scholarly journals Les débuts hésitants de la soviétisation de la littérature française à l’Université de Bucarest (1948-1949). Les programmes analytiques comme instrument de contrôle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-179
Author(s):  
Dragoș Jipa
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Literature Teaching ◽  
Official Ideology ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

Starting from previously unexplored primary sources, namely the syllabi of French literature developed for the first time at the University of Bucharest in 1948-1949, this article aims to illustrate the transformations of foreign literature teaching in Romania at that time, in the context of the education reform decree adopted by the new Communist regime. In the field of French literature, which was an important tool in disseminating the official ideology, the analysis of these syllabi, both from the point of view of the authors, professors trained in the interwar period, such as Nicolae N. Condeescu (1904-1966), and of the pedagogical contents conveyed (literary works, writers, explanatory discourses), shows the internal mechanisms of the Sovietization process put into practice by the new regime.

Genurile romanului românesc (1933-1947). O analiză cantitativă

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Andrei Terian ◽  
Teona Farmatu ◽  
Cosmin Borza ◽  
Dragoș Varga ◽  
Alex Văsieș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Digital Museum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Novel ◽  
Romanian Literature ◽  
Psychological Novels ◽  
Adventure Novels

This article puts forward a quantitative account of the subgenres of the Romanian novel during the 1933-1947 period. It shows the massive domination of the social novel and the Bildungsroman and analyzes the dynamics of genre and popular literature – adventure novels, detective fiction, SF, etc. – within the first period of massive literary production in Romanian literature. The article is the result of the MDRR (Muzeul Digital al Romanului Românesc – The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel) projects, set out to archive the Romanian production of novels from 1845 (the year of the publication of the – arguably – first Romanian novel) to 1947, right before the establishment of the communist regime. The first part is a quantitative analysis of the novels according to DCRR (Dicționarul cronologic al romanului românesc – The Chronological Dictionary of the Romanian Novel). The second part analyzes the “dynamics of popular subgenres,” meaning adventure novels, policiers, SF novels, and children’s literature. The third part envisions “the social novel” as a predilect genre of the interwar period, the fourth occasions a reading of the “historical novel,” while the last two sections describe the evolution of sentimental and psychological novels.

scholarly journals Building Legitimacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Andrei Dălălău
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Groups

After the collapse of the communist regime in Eastern Europe, political parties were faced with the necessity of building political legitimacy. This research aims to find out how political myths were instrumentalized by political leaders during the presidential campaigns in order to gain popular support. In the first part, the article focuses on defining “myth” as a legitimizing political instrument. In the second part four political myths used in the early 1990s in Romania are being analyzed: the myth of the interwar period, the myth of original democracy, the myth of political reform and the providential man. The method used is political discourse and party platform analysis. The results suggest that, during the early 90s, different political groups tried to build their legitimacy using political myths instead of rational politics, which ended up in their failure to address the real issues of a changing society.

scholarly journals Family values, customs, traditions and ethics of the Russian family in Bessarabia (the interwar period in Romanian literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Irina Ijboldina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Family Values ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
The Family ◽  
Class Status ◽  
Ethnographic Fiction ◽  
Romanian Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article analyzes the essays “Bessarabian Roads” by Mikhail Sadoveanu, written in the genre of ethnographic fiction, and the moral-descriptive novel by Georgy Bezvikonny “The Last Superfluous Man”. Our selection of works was based on the representativeness of these sources for the announced topic. M. Sadoveanu recreates a phantomatic picture of the micro-space of the Russian noble family of Madame Panina (1920s); the system of the images of these essays clearly reveals the atmosphere of social disorientation of the Russian population, as well as the manifestation of clear trends of integration into the Romanian social space. However, the family values, customs, traditions and the morals of the Russian family in Bessarabia during the interwar period retain some elements of continuity. G. Bezvikonny in details recreates the spirit of the era, its historical flavor, retrospectively reflects the life of a typical Bessarabian family with a high social class status (the so-called “Russian boyars”); in his novel, the biopsychological portrait of the family, constituted over generations, emerges in the detailed aspects of family values, customs and traditions. The above mentioned works also substantively consider the issues of “Bessarabian identity”, which were especially relevant in the aspect of studying the Russian family in the interwar period.

Memory and Fiction: Trauma in Contemporary Romanian Literature

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Larisa Prodan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Memory In Literature ◽  
Romanian Literature

The studies of memory (memory studies) have developed a connection to the concept of trauma (trauma studies) and its manifestations. The literary field became a proper medium of evocation and testimony of past traumatic events. Therefore, social manifestations, traumatic measures of political regimes have all been integrated into literary works as a manner of attesting both their physical and psychological implications. Talking about the traumatic events of the Holocaust, James E. Young views such literary works as “documentary narrative” or, more specific, literature of testimony. Literary (and artistic) works related to the Holocaust are also object of Marianne Hirsch’s studies. In her view, evoking and narrating traumatic events implies the usage of postmemory. Past could also be evoked, as Michel Foucault considers, through literature on the basis of counter-memory. Taking into consideration different manifestations of memory in literature, the present study aims to analyse some of the Romanian contemporary works tackling on the remembrance of the traumatic ideological intervention on the female body that the prohibition of abortions represented during the communist regime. Corporal and psychological traumas that the 770 Decree caused are related in Corina Sabău’s novel And the Crickets Were Heard and also in the testimonial collective volumes Comrades of journey. The Feminine Experience in Communism (edited by Radu Pavel Gheo and Dan Lungu) and Mihaela Miroiu’s (ed.) The Birth. Lived Stories. Thus, literary materialisations of memory would be observed, in order for the contemporary reader to understand the severe traumatic implications of an abusive ideological prohibition of abortion.

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