INFLUENCE OF WOOD SAW DUST AND WASTE GLASS ADMIXTURE ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF FIRED CLAY BRICKS FOR MASONRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
D.O. Folorunso
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Clay Bricks

This study investigated the effect of mahogany wood sawdust (WSD) and waste glass (WG) addition on the properties and cost of producing fired clay bricks for construction of houses. Materials used were clay, WSD and WG. Brick samples were produced in batches and labeled as samples A (with no additives), B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Each sample of B, C, D, E, F, G and H contained 5% fixed amount of WSD, and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% of WG respectively. Brick samples produced were tested for apparent porosity, bulk density, compressive and flexural strengths, thermal conductivity and wear. Results obtained showed that as waste glass content increased in the samples, bulk density and compressive strength increased due to enhancement of densification and compaction within the samples. Thermal conductivity also increased as waste glass increased due to reduction in porosity and reduced inter-particle distance. The value of flexural strength increased with WG content but at 35% and 40%, the value reduced. This is as a result of an increase in brittleness as waste glass content increased which increased stress concentration in the samples, hence leading to a reduction in flexural strength. Also, it was observed that the increase in the content of the waste glass led to a reduction in the value of apparent porosity and wear depth due to improved cohesion between particles in the bricks. Comparing results obtained with existing standards and considering the cost of production, 5% WSD and 25% WG addition, with apparent porosity of 26.3%, compressive strength of 17.5 MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.32 W/mk and wear depth of 1.72 mm is recommended for construction purposes.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Mana Eambua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Watcharakhon Nethan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Marble Dust

The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature. The most desirable properties of the clay bricks were obtained for the powdered marble dust content of 40 vol.% and firing temperature 900 °C: bulk density of 1.20 g/cm3, compressive strength 9.2 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.32 W/m.K, and water absorption 22.5%.

Characteristics of Wall and Floor Tiles Using Waste Glass

2006 ◽  
Vol 317-318 ◽  
pp. 755-758
Author(s):  
Young Kil Kim ◽  
Yeon Gil Jung ◽  
Jun Baek Song ◽  
Min Chul Shin ◽  
Hee Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Abrasion Loss ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Clay Tiles

Wall and floor tiles were fabricated by a dry pressing method using waste glass and clay. The properties of the tiles such as absorption, bulk density, porosity, compressive strength, and abrasion loss are investigated with the firing temperature and glass content. The properties are improved with increasing both the firing temperature and glass content. These properties, except the compressive strength, tend to be saturated from the glass contents of 70 wt % in the case of 1050 . The compressive strength shows the maximum values at the glass contents of 70 wt% and then which are decreased with increasing the glass contents. The optimal properties obtained in the tiles are the water absorption of about 0.9 %, the bulk density of about 2.3 g/cm3, the apparent porosity of about 2.1 %, the compressive strength of about 210 MPa, and the abrasion loss of about 0.022 g, when the composition containing the glass of 70 wt% is fired at 1050. These results are better than the properties of commercial clay tiles, due to easy melting and densification of glassy phase in the tiles.

Application of Dry Grass for Clay Brick Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Nonthaphong Phonphuak
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks

In this paper, effects of incorporation of dry grass on the properties of clay bricks were investigated. Clay bricks fabricated with 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 % (w/w) of dry grass were tested. The clay brick specimens were fired at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C to study for bulk density, apparent porosity water absorption and compressive strength of brick samples were investigated. Results revealed that the bulk density of clay bricks were reduced when dry grass dosages increased. Results also shown that the increasing in bulk density were obtained when the firing temperature increased. The compressive strength of clay bricks was decreased when dry grass dosages increased. The addition of 2.5 % (w/w) dry grass fired at 1100 °C showed the optimal condition which indicated 11.6 MPa of compressive strength and 1.78 g/cm3 of bulk density. However, results indicated that a decrease in water absorption and apparent porosity were found when the firing temperature increased. Test results also revealed that the addition of dry grass for clay brick production lead to utilize a potential material as the additive to raw clay-bricks in the manufacturing of lightweight clay bricks.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Refraktori Dari Refraktori Bekas Pakai Kiln Dan Flyash Batubara Dengan Variasi Tekanan Greenbody [Recycling of Used Refractory of Kiln and Coal Fly Ash by Various of Greenbody Presure]

Metalurgi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ayu Septriana ◽  
Azhar Azhar ◽  
Widi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Green Body ◽  
Hot Plate

Refractory is one type of ceramic material which is thermostable (high temperature resistant) and has the ability to maintain a good physical and chemical condition at high temperature. Manufacture of refractory in this study using used kiln refractory from cement industry and 15% coal fly ash as additional. This research analyzed the effect of green body pressure produced by physical properties of refractory which made from mixture of used refractory and coal fly ash. Used refractory crushed into large aggregate size -40 +80 mesh and small aggregate size -80 mesh, while fly ash -100 mesh. Then, the two of material mixed. Raw material pressed by press hydrauliuc, with a cube-shaped mold in 5 x 5 x 5 cm size. The pressure of green body varied in 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 tons. The product tested by archimedes methode to getting apparent porosity and bulk density, and guarded hot plate methode standard use ASTM (C 177-04) to getting the cold crushing strengh and thermal conductivity. Higher pressure molding green body product was obtained with higher compressive strength and bulk density, with lower value of the apparent thermal conductivity and porosity. The highest value for the compressive strength and bulk density was 4.48 MPa; 1.119 g / cm3; the lowest value of thermal conductivity and apparent porosity is 11.60 W / m.K; 22.034%. Those values obtained from green pressure body 13 tons.AbstrakRefraktori merupakan salah satu jenis bahan keramik yang tahan terhadap panas (temperatur tinggi) dan memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertahankan kondisinya baik secara fisik maupun kimia pada temperatur tinggi tersebut. Pembuatan refraktori pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku refraktori bekas pakai kiln pabrik semen dengan tambahan 15% fly ash batu bara. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh tekanan green body dari campuran refraktori bekas pakai dan fly ash batu bara yang dihasilkan terhadap sifat fisik refraktori tersebut. Bahan baku refraktori bekas pakai dihaluskan dengan distribusi ukuran agregat besar -40+80 mesh dan ukuran agregat kecil -80 mesh, sedangkan fly ash batu bara berukuran -100 mesh. Pemadatan bahan baku dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat press hydraulic, dengan cetakan berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran 5 x 5 x 5 cm. Dilakukan variasi tekanan campuran green body sebesar 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, dan 13 ton. Pengujian produk dilakukan dengan uji porositas (apparent porosity) dan densitas (bulk density) dengan metode archimedes, kuat tekan (cold crushing strenght), dan uji konduktivitas termal bahan dilakukan dengan metode guarded hot plate menggunakan standarASTM (C 177-04). Pengaruh tekanan green body dari campuran fly ash batu bara dan refraktori bekas pakai kiln terhadap sifat fisik refraktori adalah semakin tinggi tekanan pencetakan green body, maka semakin tinggi nilai kuat tekan dan densitasnya, sedangkan nilai konduktivitas termal dan porositas akan semakin rendah. Nilai tertinggi untuk kuat tekan dan densitas adalah 4,48MPa; 1,119 gr/cm3; nilai terendah konduktivitas termal dan porositas adalah 11,60 W/m.K; 22,034 %. Nilai-nilai tersebut didapatkan dari tekanan green body 13 ton.  

Influence of Aluminum Contents on Phase Behavior and Properties of TiN-Sialon-Corundum Composites by Aluminothermic Reduction Nitridation

2014 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang ◽  
Yan Gai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Aluminothermic Reduction ◽  
Hexagonal Columnar

TiN-Sialon-Corundum composites were synthesized from rutile and quartz by aluminothermic reduction nitridation (ARN) method. The effects of aluminum contents on the phase behavior and properties of products were investigated. At 1500 oC, the main phases of products ARNed for 4 h were large granular corundum, TiN and hexagonal columnar Si3Al3O3N5. In addition, small TiN crystal particles distributed around the Si3Al3O3N5. It suggested that TiN-Sialon-Corundum composites were successfully fabricated by ANR method at 1500 °C for 4h. With increases in the amount of aluminum contents, the compressive strength ,the flexural strength and the bulk density of the composite refractory increased while the apparent porosity decreased. When the the aluminum contents increased to 48.90%, the composites had the highest compressive strength (47.34MPa) ,flexural strength (27.70MPa), bulk density (2.27 g/cm3) and had the lowest apparent porosity (27.57 %).

scholarly journals Structural Performance of Translucent Concrete Façade Panels

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Awetehagn Tuaum ◽  
Stanley Shitote ◽  
Walter Oyawa ◽  
Medhanye Biedebrhan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers

Energy conservation is an emerging global issue for sustainable infrastructure development. The building sector energy demand accounts for approximately 34% of the world’s energy demand, and artificial lighting consumes around 19% of the total delivered electricity globally. Developing a new kind of building material that can reduce the demand for artificial lighting energy is vital. This research attempts to address such issues through the development of translucent concrete façade using locally available materials that can be used as energy-saving building material. Bulk density, compressive strength, and flexural strength of translucent concrete containing 2%, 4%, and 6% volume ratios of plastic optical fibers (POF) were studied. Moreover, the flexural toughness of translucent concrete façade panels integrating 6% volume ratio of POF was also investigated. The experimental results showed that using up to 6% volume ratio of plastic optical fibers had no adverse effect on the bulk density of translucent concrete. Translucent concrete specimens exhibited relatively lower compressive and flexural strengths compared to the reference concrete. However, it was evidently observed that the compressive strength of translucent concrete increased with increasing the volume ratio of POF. The flexural strength of translucent concrete was observed to decline with increase in the volume ratio of POF. Results demonstrated that translucent concrete panels have better flexural toughness, ductility, and energy absorption capacity than the reference concrete panel. The energy-saving, environmental conservation, and aesthetic and structural performance improvements stemming from the application of translucent concrete façade panel as architectural wall would foster the development of green and resilient buildings as well as contribute to sustainable construction.

scholarly journals Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of Crushed Sand Concrete containing Rubber Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01076
Author(s):  
Guendouz Mohamed ◽  
Boukhelkhal Djamila
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rubber Waste ◽  
And Performance

Over the past twenty years, the rubber wastes are an important part of municipal solid waste. This work focuses on the recycling of rubber waste, specifically rubber waste of used shoes discharged into the nature and added in the mass of crushed sand concrete with percentage (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The physical (workability, fresh density), mechanical (compressive and flexural strength) and thermal (thermal conductivity) of different crushed sand concrete made are analyzed and compared to the respective controls. The use of rubber waste in crushed sand concrete contributes to reduce the bulk density and performance of sand concrete. Nevertheless, the use of rubber aggregate leads to a significant reduction in thermal conductivity, which improves the thermal insulation of crushed sand concrete.

Experimental Study of the Recycled Plastic Aggregate Lightweight Composites Based on Different Kinds of Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Valéria Gregorová ◽  
Zuzana Štefunková ◽  
Miriam Ledererová
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Ethyl Vinyl ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Lightweight Composites ◽  
Recycled Waste

In this paper, the selected properties of lightweight composites based on the different kinds of binder and recycled waste plastics aggregate were studied. Plastic waste e.g. foamed polystyrene, polypropylene, polyurethane foam or ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) as an aggregate in these composites was used. Cement CEM II B/S 32.5 R and an organic-based adhesive with the business name Conipur 360 were used as a binder. The cement composites consisted of constant water to cement ratio 0.50 and dose of cement 175 kg/m3. Mixtures of adhesive composites were prepared with constant dose of adhesive 100 kg/m3. The kind of recycled waste aggregate was only changed. The physical properties, such as bulk density, compressive strength and thermo-technical properties were verified. The application of organic-based adhesive resulted in a significant decreasing values of the bulk density (100 kg/m3 - 230 kg/m3) and the thermal conductivity coefficient (0.0511 W/m.K - 0.0686 W/m.K) of lightweight composites. The negative impact of this type of binder resulted to a decreasing value of the compressive strength (0.15 MPa - 0.32 MPa). Use of cement binder caused to an increasing of bulk density (290 kg/m3 - 375 kg/m3) and worsening of the thermal conductivity coefficient of these composites (0.0660 W/m.K - 0.0799 W/m.K). The compressive strength values of cement composites ranged from 0.24 MPa to 0.50 MPa.

Study on the Preparation and Properties of Fiber Reinforced Foamed Cement Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Li ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Cement Material ◽  
Insulation Materials

The ordinary portland cement was used to prepare foamed cement insulation materials by physical foaming method. The influence of different process of fiber added to the foamed cement insulation materials on its performance was studied and the optimum mix ratio of raw materials was determined. The results showed that the glass fire could be evenly dispersed in the slurry by dry adding technology and got better enhanced effect. When the dosage of glass fire was 0.9%, the performance of the foamed cement material as follows: dry density of 318 kg/m3, 3d flexural strength of 0.61MPa, 3d compressive strength of 1.05MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.065W/(m·k). The reinforce mechanism of glass fire was explored.

scholarly journals Production of lightweight Geopolymer concrete using artificial local lightweight aggregate

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Waleed Abbas ◽  
Wasan Khalil ◽  
Ibtesam Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete

Due to the rapid depletion of natural resources, the use of waste materials and by-products from different industries of building construction has been gaining increased attention. Geopolymer concrete based on Pozzolana is a new material that does not need the presence of Portland cement as a binder. The main focus of this research is to produce lightweight geopolymer concrete (LWGPC) using artificial coarse lightweight aggregate which produced from locally available bentonite clays. In this investigation, the binder is low calcium fly ash (FA) and the alkali activator is sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in different molarities. The experimental tests including workability, fresh density, also, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity at the age of 7, 28 and 56 days were studied. The oven dry density and thermal conductivity at 28 days age are investigated. The results show that it is possible to produce high strength lightweight geopolymer concrete successfully used as insulated structural lightweight concrete. The 28-day compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, dry density, and thermal conductivity of the produced LWGPC are 35.8 MPa, 2.6MPa, 5.5 MPa, 1835kg/m3, and 0.9567 W/ (m. K), respectively.

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