scholarly journals Food Preferences Survey in African Americans and West Africans: A Cultural Exploration of Agreement and Divergence in Attitudes in Food Environments and Food Responses

2019 ◽  
pp. 661-673
Author(s):  
Catrina Johnson ◽  
Robert Corruccini ◽  
Wanki Moon ◽  
Kolapo Ajuwon ◽  
David A. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Environment Modeling ◽  
Fast Foods

African Americans, currently over-represented among low SES groups, have been found to be among the most at risk groups for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Phenotypic expression, such as obesity, result from the combined effect of genetic inheritance and environmental influences. Environmental dynamics interact with individuals on micro, meso and ecto levels (Bronfrenbrenner, 1989), are diverse and cultural (Vygotsky, 1993) and are learned by individuals through modeling and observation (Bandura, 1989). Environmental factors such as parental influence and modeling, availability and accessibility of produce, sweetened drinks and fast foods, can contribute to or minimize the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Consumption of fruits, vegetables and water has been shown to militate against the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Keywords: African, African-American,, SES, type 2 diabetes, environment, modeling, observation, parental influence, produce consumption, affordability

Identifying Phenotypically Distinct Fibroblast Subsets in Type 2 Diabetes–Associated Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110147
Author(s):  
Ioan A. Lina ◽  
Alexandra Berges ◽  
Rafael Ospino ◽  
Ruth J. Davis ◽  
Kevin M. Motz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Laryngotracheal Stenosis ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center

Objective Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is the pathologic narrowing of the glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea secondary to intubation or tracheostomy related injury. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to develop iLTS. To date, the metabolomics and phenotypic expression of cell markers in fibroblasts derived from patients with T2DM and iLTS are largely unknown. Study Design Controlled in vitro cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral center (2017-2020). Methods This in vitro study assessed samples from 6 patients with iLTS who underwent surgery at a single institution. Fibroblasts were isolated from biopsy specimens of laryngotracheal scar and normal-appearing trachea and compared with controls obtained from the trachea of rapid autopsy specimens. Patients with iLTS were subcategorized into those with and without T2DM. Metabolic substrates were identified by mass spectrometry, and cell protein expression was measured by flow cytometry. Results T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts had a metabolically distinct profile and clustered tightly on a Pearson correlation heat map as compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Levels of itaconate were elevated in T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Flow cytometry demonstrated that T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts were associated with higher CD90 expression (Thy-1; mean, 95%) when compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar (mean, 83.6%; P = .0109) or normal tracheal fibroblasts (mean, 81.1%; P = .0042). Conclusions Scar-derived fibroblasts from patients with T2DM and iLTS have a metabolically distinct profile. These fibroblasts are characterized by an increase in itaconate, a metabolite related to immune-induced scar remodeling, and can be identified by elevated expression of CD90 (Thy-1) in vitro.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Influence of Individual, Community, and Health System Factors on Quality of Life Among Inner-City African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 014572172199628
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Campbell ◽  
Alice Yan ◽  
Renee E. Walker ◽  
Lance Weinhardt ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Health System ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
System Factors

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the association of individual, community, and health system factors on quality of life among inner-city African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Methods Primary data from a cross-sectional study with a community sample of 241 inner-city African Americans with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Paper-based surveys were administered in which the SF-12 was used to capture the physical component (PCS) and mental component (MCS) of quality of life. Four regression approaches (sequential, stepwise with backward and forward selection, and all possible subsets regression) were used to examine the influence of individual, community, and health system factors on PCS and MCS after adjusting for relevant covariates using a conceptual framework. Results In fully adjusted models, having less than a high school education and having major depression were associated with lower quality-of-life scores for MCS across all 4 regression approaches. Being employed was positively associated with better quality-of-life scores for PCS across all 4 regression approaches. PCS was higher across all 4 regression approaches for those reporting a history of trauma. At the health systems level, usual source of care was associated with better PCS across 3 regression approaches. Conclusions These results highlight key factors that influence quality of life among inner-city African Americans with type 2 diabetes that could be targets for interventions in this population. However, additional research is needed to understand existing pathways that may be driving many of these relationships.

Association of Social Problem Solving With Glycemic Control in a Sample of Urban African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Hill-Briggs ◽  
Tiffany L. Gary ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Yeh ◽  
Marian Batts-Turner ◽  
Neil R. Powe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Problem Solving

scholarly journals The Impact of Outpatient Diabetes Management on Serum Lipids in Urban African-Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Erdman ◽  
C. B. Cook ◽  
K. J. Greenlund ◽  
W. H. Giles ◽  
I. El-Kebbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
The Impact

584-P: Diabetes Distress, Depressive Symptoms, and Gender Disparities in Glycemic Control among African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 584-P
Author(s):  
JACLYNN M. HAWKINS ◽  
NIKOLAS J. KOSCIELNIAK ◽  
ROBIN NWANKWO ◽  
MARTHA M. FUNNELL ◽  
KATHERINE A. KLOSS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Blood-based bioenergetic profiling is related to differences in brain morphology in African Americans with Type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (23) ◽  
pp. 2509-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gargi Mahapatra ◽  
S. Carrie Smith ◽  
Timothy M. Hughes ◽  
Benjamin Wagner ◽  
Joseph A. Maldjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
White Matter ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Blood-based bioenergetic profiling has promising applications as a minimally invasive biomarker of systemic bioenergetic capacity. In the present study, we examined peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial function and brain morphology in a cohort of African Americans with long-standing Type 2 diabetes. Key parameters of PBMC respiration were correlated with white matter, gray matter, and total intracranial volumes. Our analyses indicate that these relationships are primarily driven by the relationship of systemic bioenergetic capacity with total intracranial volume, suggesting that systemic differences in mitochondrial function may play a role in overall brain morphology.

scholarly journals High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua E. McGee ◽  
Savanna G. Barefoot ◽  
Nicole R. Gniewek ◽  
Patricia M. Brophy ◽  
Angela Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity

Abstract Background African Americans have a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes compared to Caucasians. Recent evidence indicates low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more prevalent in African Americans than Caucasians. Numerous studies in Caucasian populations suggest vigorous exercise intensity may promote greater improvements in CRF and other type 2 diabetes risk factors (e.g. reduction of glucose/insulin levels, pulse wave velocity, body fat, etc.) than moderate intensity. However, current evidence comparing health benefits of different aerobic exercise intensities on type 2 diabetes risk factors in African Americans is negligible. This is clinically important as African Americans have a greater risk for type 2 diabetes and are less likely to meet public health recommendations for physical activity than Caucasians. The purpose of the High-Intensity exercise to Promote Accelerated improvements in CardiorEspiratory fitness (HI-PACE) study is to evaluate whether high-intensity aerobic exercise elicits greater improvements in CRF, insulin action, and arterial stiffness than moderate-intensity exercise in African Americans. Methods/Design­ A randomized controlled trial will be performed on overweight and obese (body mass index: 25-45 kg/m2) African Americans (35-65 years) (n=60). Participants will be randomized to moderate-intensity (MOD-INT) or high-intensity (HIGH-INT) aerobic exercise training, or a non-exercise control group (CON) for 24 weeks. Supervised exercise will be performed at a heart rate associated with 45-55% and 70-80% of VO2 max in the MOD-INT and the HIGH-INT groups, respectively, for an exercise dose of 600 MET-minutes/week (consistent with public health recommendations). The primary outcome is change in CRF. Secondary outcomes include change in insulin sensitivity (measured via an intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (via near infrared spectroscopy), skeletal muscle measurements (i.e. citrate synthase, COX IV, GLUT-4, CPT-1, PGC1-α), arterial stiffness (via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), body fat, C-reactive protein, and psychological outcomes (quality of life/exercise enjoyment). Discussion The anticipated results of the HI-PACE study will provide vital information on the health effects of high-intensity exercise in African Americans. This study will advance health disparity research and has the potential to influence future public health guidelines for physical activity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02892331. Registered on 8 September 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02892331

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density and Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in African-Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 4135-4141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne E. Wagenknecht ◽  
Jasmin Divers ◽  
Thomas C. Register ◽  
Gregory B. Russell ◽  
Donald W. Bowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Mineral Density
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