scholarly journals Part/Whole Morphology: Unifying Single Case and Comparative Methods

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Scheff
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Standardized Interview ◽  
Cost Efficient

In this article, I describe the morphological method as a new stage of inquiry, between the first stage, qualitative methods, and the third, quantitative methods. The proposed second stage involves microscopic examination of single instances, and, if more than one instance is available, comparisons with each other. This method is particularly useful for the objective determination of meaning, a crucial problem for the human sciences. Because the determination of meaning is complex, yet taken for granted, I describe its intricacy. The new method also can be used to generate micro-macro theories, perhaps the next stage in the development of the human sciences. To form a bridge between qualitative and quantitative methods, which are increasingly separated, part/whole morphology can lead to research which is valid, reliable, and cost-efficient. Qualitative methods involve exploration, the first step in inquiry. Quantitative methods involve verification, the last step. Although preliminary exploration is usually necessary and always helpful, exploration requires verification. The weakness of verification alone is that since experiments and other standardized formats (such as the scale and the standardized interview) are narrow and rigid, one needs to have considerable knowledge before an adequate testing procedure can be designed. Qualitative methods are like wide-angled lenses with little depth; quantitative methods are as narrow as using the wrong end of a telescope. Furthermore, since verification is costly and time-consuming, only hypotheses and theories should be tested which are not only plausible, but are likely to be general and important. The procedure outlined here is more labourious than most qualitative studies, but it is also more cost-efficient than those which automatically seek verification. The approach outlined here can be seen as the next step after what Giddens (1984) has called ‘instantiation’. He asked for actual instances of the behaviour described by any theory. His call, in turn, can be seen as a reiteration of Max Weber's (1947) insistence that the task of sociology is to reduce concepts about society to ‘understandable action, that is, without exception, to the actions of participating individuals (persons).

Introduction to the Special Issue “Causal Complexity and Qualitative Methods”

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Goertz
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Empirical Social Science ◽  
Causal Complexity

This special issue of Political Analysis engages in a dialogue between qualitative and quantitative methods. It proposes that each has something to say to the other and more generally has a contribution to make to empirical social science.

Qualitative research

2003 ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Joanna Murray
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Older People ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Illness Behaviour ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Qualitative research is an increasingly popular method of enquiry in biomedical, clinical and behavioural research. Once regarded as the preserve of social scientists and psychologists, qualitative methods have entered the mainstream of epidemiology and clinical research, as evidenced by the publication of a series of papers in the British Medical Journal (Britten 1995; Mays and Pope 1995; Pope and Mays 1995; Pope et al. 2000). The qualitative methods to be described in this chapter offer a scientific approach to understanding and explaining the experiences, beliefs, and behaviour of defined groups of people. The contrasting features and the complementary roles of qualitative and quantitative methods of enquiry will be described. While the majority of chapters in the present volume are concerned with research methods designed to answer questions such as ‘how many?’ or ‘how frequently?’, qualitative methods enable us to explore the ‘why?’, ‘what?’, and ‘how?’ of human behaviour. Since the aim is to understand the meaning of the phenomena under study from the perspective of the individuals concerned, the direction of enquiry is guided more by respondent than researcher. This approach is particularly appropriate to complex phenomena such as the range of beliefs that underlie illness behaviour and the aspects of health care that matter to different service users. Qualitative enquiry would focus on identifying beliefs and describing the circumstances that surround particular behaviours, while quantitative research would focus on measurable characteristics of the sample and the frequency and outcome of their behaviour. An example of the contribution of the two methodological approaches is the study of variations in treatment of depression in older people. Epidemiological studies in the community and in primary care settings have found that the prevalence of depression in older adults far exceeds the prevalence of the disorder among those consulting their general practitioners. To identify the factors associated with this disparity, qualitative researchers would set out to explore the reasons why older people with depression do and do not present their symptoms to the GP. The aim would be to describe the range of beliefs about depression among attenders and non-attenders. The quantitative approach would involve establishing the strength of associations between personal characteristics, external factors, and behaviour of older people with depression. It is clear from this example that both approaches are complementary in identifying the nature of the disparity. Qualitative research is based on the premise that each individual's experience is unique and the beliefs that underlie illness behaviour can only be measured once identified and described from a variety of individual perspectives. When information of this type is combined with data on prevalence and variable risk, more appropriate services and outcome measures can be developed.

Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in the study of developmental psychopathology in context

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
MERCER L. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Observational Techniques

Qualitative methods are well suited to advance the understanding of the role of social context in the development of maladaptation and psychopathology. However, they have not been widely used by developmental psychopathologists, despite being utilized in related fields, particularly in the sociological study of crime and delinquency. This article assesses the potential for the increased use of qualitative methods in developmental psychopathology and addresses the challenges involved in integrating them with quantitative research strategies. The interplay of qualitative and quantitative methods in the study of juvenile delinquency is reviewed for relevant lessons about both the utility and the difficulties of integrating the two types of methods. The problem of assessing continuities and discontinuities over the life course in patterns of antisocial behavior is discussed as an example of the challenge of integrating methodological paradigms. Schools of thought about qualitative methods and their relationship to quantitative research paradigms are identified and compared. Examples are discussed of narrative life history interviewing and qualitative observational techniques and of recent research endeavors integrating these qualitative techniques with quantitative data analyses.

scholarly journals Determining the Level of a Language Test with English Profile: A Forensic Linguistics Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Núria Gavaldà ◽  
Sheila Queralt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Forensic Linguistics ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods

This article deals with a forensic linguistics case study of the determination of the level of a B1 English multiple-choice test that was challenged in court by numerous candidates on the grounds that it was not of the appropriate level. A control corpus comprising 240 analogous multiple-choice questions from B1 exams aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) was compiled in order to establish a threshold for the percentage of questions of a level higher than that being tested which can be expected in such exams. The analysis was carried out following a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, with the help of the tool English Profile, which provides Reference Level Descriptions (RLDs) for the English language within the CEFR. The results of the analysis of the control corpus established a baseline of 5 to 7% of questions that include key items classified as higher than B1, while the percentage was 68% in the case of the disputedexam. Thus, the present study proposes a further application of the tool English Profile within the field of forensic linguistics and puts forward the concept of Level Appropriateness Threshold (LAT), analogous to other thresholds established in forensic linguistics, which can serve as a baseline for determining the appropriateness of B1 English multiple-choice exams and a model for other levels and skill areas.

scholarly journals Causal Analysis as a Bridge Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Blersch ◽  
Neil Franchuk ◽  
Miranda Lucas ◽  
Christina Nord ◽  
Stephanie Varsanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Acyclic Graphs

Yarkoni argues that one solution is to abandon quantitative methods for qualitative ones. While we agree that qualitative methods are under-valued, we argue that both are necessary for thoroughgoing psycholog-ical research, complementing one another through the use of causal analysis. We illustrate how directed acyclic graphs can bridge qualitative and quantitative methods, thereby fostering understanding between dif-ferent psychological methodologies.

Questions on inverse application of method of logit-analysis for predioction of weight of factors causing landslides

2017 ◽  
Vol 927 (9) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
J.T. Mehdiyev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Site Density ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Landslide Hazards

It is noted that non-stability of slopes is determined by different interrelated spatial, geological and hydrological processes. To study the landslide areas both the qualitative and quantitative methods are used. The qualitative methods include the maps of land plots prone to landslides and the quantitative ones include maps of landslide hazards where the probability of happening of such processes are noted. The considered cases where the probability of occurrence of landslide is known with some degree of accuracy on the basis of previous experience or statistical data and the accurate determination of impact of any factor on probability of occurrence of the process is required. One of methods of quantitative estimates of probability of landslide is the logistic regression models. In the article the possibility for utilization of inverse task of logit analysis for research of weight of factors leading to landslides are analyzed. Such factors include aspect, steepness, density of vegetation, elevation of site, density of lineaments etc. It is shown that the method of logit analysis, frequently used for determination of probability of occurrence of different natural calamities including landslides also can be used for solution of inverse tasks, especially for determination of weight factors upon presence of data on other used parameters.

scholarly journals Qualitative Methods in Health Economics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Coast ◽  
Manuela De Allegri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Inductive Methods ◽  
Key Issues

Qualitative methods are being used increasingly by health economists, but most health economists are not trained in these methods and may need to develop expertise in this area. This article discusses important issues of ontology, epistemology, and research design, before addressing the key issues of sampling, data collection, and data analysis in qualitative research. Understanding differences in the purpose of sampling between qualitative and quantitative methods is important for health economists, and the key notion of purposeful sampling is described. The section on data collection covers in-depth and semistructured interviews, focus-group discussions, and observation. Methods for data analysis are then discussed, with a particular focus on the use of inductive methods that are appropriate for economic purposes. Presentation and publication are briefly considered, before three areas that have seen substantial use of qualitative methods are explored: attribute development for discrete choice experiment, priority-setting research, and health financing initiatives.

scholarly journals THE CORELATION OF RISK TOWARD PROFIT MARKETING LEVEL OF COCONUT PRODUCTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Ine Fausayana ◽  
Weka Gusmiarty Abdullah ◽  
La Ode Dawid
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
High Level

This study aims to analyze the correlation of risk with the marketing profit of coconut products in Kendari City This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods (deviation standard and probability). The populations of this research are all sellers of grated coconut, young coconut dan young coconut ice in Kendari City. Determination of sample for seller of coconut shredded using simple random sampling, while for seller of young coconut dan young coconut ice by using census. The results of this study are grated coconut products in the normal and surplus sales period have a medium risk level, and critical sales period has a high risk. Young coconut dan young coconut ice in normal and high sales periods have low risk, and in critical sales periods have a medium risk. The correlation of risk and the marketing profit level of coconut products is that high level of risk followed by a low marketing profit, conversely low risk level followed by high marketing profits.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF QUALITATIVE METHODS APPLICABLE IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONALITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Євген Карпенко ◽  
Рафал Абрамцьов
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article argues the historical confrontation and the mutual additions of qualitative and quantitative methods in psychology, and it presents the important systematized methodological aspects as for the application of qualitative methods in personality psychology. These aspects are: substantiation of qualitative research as the most appropriate methodology for the holistic study of a person as a personality from the standpoint of the systematic approach; combination of the diagnostics and psychological influences during dialogic interactions of a psycho­logist-researcher and a psychologist-practitioner (as two roles of one person) with a client in a psychotechnical situation; the characteristic features of qualitative research (holism, identified meanings and their interpretations, contextuality, reflexivity, interactivity, absence of directives, inductive approach to data, correspondence to situations, attention to individual cases, etc.); the types of qualitative studies - diagnostic, exploitative, verificatory or exploitative-verificatory - and variants of their combination; classification of methodological approaches that help chose certain qualitative methods based on their philosophical foundations, research purpose and objects, cognition principles and technologies; the methodological principles of qualitative research – conceptual sensi­tivity, interpretive reconstruction, reflexivity; the validity criteria for qualitative methods with taking into account a research stage (a level in the structure) – planning and data collecting, their analysis, data interpretation and presentation, ethical validity – and the structure of a final scientific work prepared by the research results (requirements for introduction, literature review and theoretical analysis, an empirical part, conclusions, possible applications). The conclusion is made about the relevance of qualitative researches at the modern meta-modern stage of the psychological science on personality  

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