scholarly journals HYDROGENATION OF BENZENE IN BATCH REACTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
N. ZHANGABAY ◽  
◽  
A.B. Utelbayeva ◽  
M.N. Yermakhanov ◽  
A. KIRGIZBAYEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Cyclic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Technology

In this article is considered hydrogenation of benzene in liquid phase at presence rhodium support catalyst.where as carrieris usedpillar structural montmorillonite obtaining from bentonite clay..The degree of using an internal surface of porous system is depended.of the size particles.Increase the concentration of chromium above 20 mmole per gram of clay does not lead to the further growth of distance. It is probably connected by that in a solution there are not hydrolized forms of chromium chloride which do not influence formation pillar structures. Modifying montmorillonite minerals containing in bentonite clay gives to them heat resistance. The specific surface of samples(containing 15-30 mmole Cr3+) were defined after heat treatment at 180°C are 240-260 m2 /g and increasing the temperature up to 500-560°C decreases this value insignificant to 220-240 м2 /г, accordingly. Not modified bentonite clay lost their porosity at 140°C, and a specific surface made 20 m2 /g. Besides reaction of hydro-dehydrogenation of cyclic hydrocarbons a huge interest are represented in hydrogen technology. Everyone mole of benzene and its derivatives attaching of three and more quantities of hydrogen, and are unique objects at storages and transportation of hydrogen. Thereby, necessity to develop of catalysts of hydro-dehyrogenation also follows under rather soft conditions. developed rhodium support catalyst for hydrogenation of benzene and defined the factor of efficiency using the internal surface of porosity systems. Presence of water in hydrogenated system leads to phasic course of restoration of benzene on a surface of the catalyst with formation cyclohexane and cyclohexene. The received experimental results expand a circle of data in the field of hydrodearomatization motor fuels, especially transformations of aromatic hydrocarbons cycloalkans

scholarly journals Biosorption of Lanthanides from Aqueous Solutions Using PretreatedBuccinum tenuissimumShell Biomass

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Koto ◽  
Naoki Kano ◽  
Yudan Wang ◽  
Nobuo Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Isotherms

Biosorption experiment from aqueous solutions containing known amount of rare earth elements (REEs) using pre-treatedBuccinum tenuissimumshell was explored to evaluate the efficiency of shell biomass as sorbent for REEs. In this work, four kinds of sieved shell samples: (a) “Ground original sample”, (b) “Heat-treatment (480∘C, 6 hours) sample”, (c) “Heat-treatment (950∘C, 6 hours) sample” and (d) “Heat-treatment (950∘C, 6 hours) and water added sample” were used. Furthermore, to confirm the characteristics of the shell biomass, the crystal structure, the surface morphology, and the specific surface area of these shell samples were determined. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified. (1) The crystal structure of the shell biomass was transformed from aragonite (CaCO3) into calcite (CaCO3) phase by heat-treatment (480∘C, 6 hours); then mainly transformed into calcium oxide (CaO) by heat-treatment (950∘C, 6 hours), and calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2)by heat-treatment (950∘C, 6 hours) and adding water. (2) The shell biomass showed excellent sorption capacity for lanthanides. (3) Adsorption isotherms using the shell biomass can be described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms satisfactorily for lanthanides except “heat-treatment (950∘C, 6 hours) sample”. (4) Shell biomass (usually treated as waste material) can be an efficient sorbent for lanthanides in future.

scholarly journals Catalytic Decomposition of H2O2 over Pure and Li2O-Doped Co3O4 Solids

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 733-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamil A. El-Shobaky ◽  
Nagi R.E. Radwan ◽  
Farouk M. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Lithium Oxide ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Cobaltic Oxide

Pure and doped Co3O4 samples were prepared by the thermal decomposition at 500–900°C of pure and lithium nitrate-treated basic cobalt carbonate. The amounts of dopant added were varied in the range 0.75–6 mol% Li2O. The effects of this treatment on the surface and catalytic properties of cobaltic oxide solid were investigated using nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and studies of the decomposition of H2O2 at 30–50°C. The results obtained revealed that Li2O doping of Co3O4 followed by heat treatment at 500°C and 600°C resulted in a progressive increase in the value of the specific surface area, SBET, to an extent proportional to the amount of dopant present. However, the increase was more pronounced in the case of solid samples calcined at 500°C. This increase in the specific surface areas has been attributed to the fixation of a portion of the dopant ions on the uppermost surface layers of the solid leading to outward growth of the surface lattice. The observed increase in SBET due to Li2O doping at 500°C might also result from a narrowing of the pores in the treated solid as a result of the doping process. Lithium oxide doping of cobaltic oxide followed by heat treatment at 700–900°C resulted in a significant decrease in the SBET, Vp and r̄ values. Pure and doped solids precalcined at 500°C and 600°C exhibited extremely high catalytic activities which were not much affected by doping with Li2O. On the other hand, doping followed by calcination at 700–900°C brought about a considerable and progressive increase in the catalytic activity of the treated solids. This treatment did not modify the activation energy of the catalysed reaction, i.e. doping of Co3O4 solid followed by heating at 700°C and 900°C did not alter the mechanism of the catalytic reaction but increased the concentration of catalytically active constituents taking part in the catalytic process without altering their energetic nature.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Activated Carbons Spent by Waste Water Treatment Using KOH Chemical Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Park ◽  
Gi Bbum Lee ◽  
Bum Ui Hong ◽  
Sang Youp Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
X Ray

In this study, spent activated carbons (ACs) were collected from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in Incheon, South Korea, and regenerated by heat treatment and KOH chemical activation. The specific surface area of spent AC was 680 m2/g, and increased up to 710 m2/g through heat treatment. When the spent AC was activated by the chemical agent potassium hydroxide (KOH), the surface area increased to 1380 m2/g. The chemically activated ACs were also washed with acetic acid (CH3COOH) to compare the effect of ash removal during KOH activation. The low temperature N2 adsorption was utilized to measure the specific surface areas and pore size distributions of regenerated ACs by heat treatment and chemical activation. The functional groups and adsorbed materials on ACs were also analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. The generated ash was confirmed by proximate analysis and elementary analysis. The regenerated ACs were tested for toluene adsorption, and their capacities were compared with commercial ACs. The toluene adsorption capacity of regenerated ACs was higher than commercial ACs. Therefore, it is a research to create high value-added products using the waste.

scholarly journals The level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from pork meat depending on the heat treatment applied

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1601-1606
Author(s):  
AURELIA COROIAN ◽  
◽  
VIOARA MIREŞAN ◽  
CRISTIAN OVIDIU COROIAN ◽  
CAMELIA RĂDUCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Effect of Heat Treatment on Specific Surface Area of Si-C-O Fibers

2008 ◽  
pp. 1639-1641
Author(s):  
Zeng Yong Chu ◽  
Rong An He ◽  
H.F. Cheng ◽  
Xiao Dong Li ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area

Hydrogen generation from the decomposition of hydrous hydrazine using amorphous NiB nanocatalysts prepared by chemical etching method

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wei ◽  
Maixia Ma ◽  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Dongsheng Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Turnover Frequency ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Hydrogen Selectivity ◽  
Co Reduction

Hydrous hydrazine (N2H[Formula: see text]O) is considered to be one of the most promising chemicals for hydrogen storage, and the development of high-efficient and noble-metal-free catalysts is of key importance for N2H[Formula: see text]O decomposition to generate hydrogen. In this work, NiZnB nanoparticles (NiZnB NPs) synthesized by co-reduction method were further treated to remove the metal zinc by chemical etching with sodium hydroxide, and the resulting amorphous NiB nanocatalysts (NiB NCs) presented higher specific surface area and hydrogen selectivity than that of common NiB nanoparticles. Experimental results also indicate that heat-treatment of the NiZnB NPs can increase turnover frequency (TOF) but decrease hydrogen selectivity of the NiB NCs. NiB NCs derived from NiZnB NPs heated at 200[Formula: see text]C show TOF and selectivity of 0.72[Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text] and 98.1%, respectively. In addition, reusability of the resulting catalyst was also investigated.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Specific Surface Area of Si-C-O Fibers

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1639-1641
Author(s):  
Zeng Yong Chu ◽  
Rong An He ◽  
Hai Feng Cheng ◽  
Xiao Dong Li ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Fiber

In this paper, effect of heat treatment on the SSA of Si-C-O fibers was investigated and morphologies of the treated fibers were studied using SEM. The results revealed that weight loss was proportional to the treatment time at 1573K and the specific surface area (SSA) increased sharply when the weight loss reached above 6wt%. A rough and porous ceramic fiber with SSA of 23.76m2/g could be obtained at the weight loss of 9.1wt%, as a result of the treatment at 1573K for 32h.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal from produced water by electrochemical process optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Yaqub ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Huma Ajab ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Kutty ◽  
Ezerie H. Ezechi
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Response Surface Modelling

Abstract Produced water is actually the wastewater separated from petroleum crude oil. Electrochemical-oxidation experiments was conducted for degradation of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using DSA type Ti/IrO2 anode. Laboratory scale batch reactor was used for degradation studies. To get the maximum PAHs removal electrochemical process optimized on three independent variable current density, pH and electrolysis time. The response surface modelling (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was applied to get appropriate experimental design. X1, X2 and X3 are the coded factors of independent variables such as the current density, pH and electrolysis time, respectively. Maximum removal was 95.29% at optimized conditions such as current density of 9 mA/cm2, pH 3 and electrolysis time 3.7 h. Quadratic model was suggested best fit model. The results of the Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) for PAHs demonstrated that the model was highly significant.

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