Barriers to Career Advancement in the Hotel Industry in Timor-Leste: Study of Gender Stereotyping, Old Boys’ Network and Gender Differences

The hotel industry in Timor-Leste is female-dominated. However, women are under-represented in managerial and senior executive positions. This study examines the relative importance of gender stereotyping and old boys’ network variables as barriers that impact women’s and men’s career advancement in the hotel industry in Dili, Timor-Leste. A survey questionnaire was distributed at 20 hotels in Dili, Timor-Leste, and 16 hotels granted approval, represented by 385 individuals (226 women and 159 men). These data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results from this study indicated that gender stereotyping had a significant influence as a barrier to career advancement. Old boy’s network had no significant barrier to the career advancement for both in women versus men comparison. Furthermore, the male group scores higher than the female group in the variables of stereotyping in gender differences analysis as the higher scores represent the biases against women. This study is the first study to examine barriers for individuals’ career advancement in the hotel industry of Dili, Timor-Leste. This study suggests theoretical and practical implications on barriers for men’s and women’s career advancement and mitigates gender inequality in the organization.

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Career Advancement in the Hotel Industry in Timor-Leste: Study of Individual, Organizational, and Gender Differences

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211032683 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 215824402110326

Author(s):

Helio Brites da Silva ◽

Vimolwan Yukongdi ◽

Kyoko Kusakabe ◽

Willi Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Work Experience ◽

Career Advancement ◽

Corporate Training ◽

Hotel Industry ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Training And Development ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Hotel Employees ◽

Timor Leste

The hotel industry in Timor-Leste is female-dominated, but women are under-represented in management and senior executive positions. The objective of this study is to examine gender differences in the relative importance of individual and organizational factors and their effects on career advancement in the hotel industry in Dili. A survey of hotel employees in Dili was undertaken, yielding a total of 385 respondents. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The hypothesized model predicted that individual factors of personality traits, education, work experience, and organizational variables of opportunities for promotion and corporate training and development would have a positive effect on career advancement. The results found that for both genders, education and work experience were two common factors with a direct effect on career advancement. However, for male employees, conscientiousness directly predicted career growth, while corporate training and development mediated the effect of harmonious passion for work on career advancement. On the other hand, among female employees, corporate training and development directly influenced career progression and mediated the effect of openness to experience and opportunity for promotion on career advancement. This study is the first to examine the factors facilitating the career advancement of hotel employees in Timor-Leste and the extent to which their path to advancement differed for males and females. We present the theoretical and practical implications of the role of individual and organizational factors on career advancement and possible ways to mitigate gender inequality in organizations.

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Relationships between negative exchanges and depressive symptoms in older couples: The moderating roles of care and gender

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407519879504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 843-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Minyoung Kwak ◽

Berit Ingersoll-Dayton

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Well Being ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Moderating Effects ◽

Older Couples ◽

Care Recipients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender

Marital relationships have a significant impact on older adults’ well-being. However, when contending with spousal illness or disability, negative exchanges may be particularly detrimental. This study examines the extent to which negative spousal exchanges have more impact on caregiving versus non-caregiving couples. Using dyadic analyses, this investigation compares three different groups consisting of (a) couples who did not provide or receive care, (b) couples in which husbands received care from their wives, and (c) couples in which wives received care from their husbands. We tested for gender differences in the effect of negative exchanges on depressive symptoms among caregivers and care recipients. Based on the 2012 and 2014 Health and Retirement Study, the sample consisted of 3,530 couples in which at least one of the spouses was aged 51 or over. Structural equation modeling was used to test the moderating effects of care and gender. Sociodemographic characteristics were included as control variables. Results indicated that there were significant differences in the magnitude of the path between negative exchanges and depressive symptoms across the subgroups. Among husbands, there was a stronger relationship between negative exchanges and depressive symptoms for care-receiving husbands than for caregiving husbands or husbands in non-caregiving relationships. Among wives, however, there was no significant difference in the path from negative exchanges with spouses to depressive symptoms across care status. We also found gender differences in the effect of negative exchanges on depressive symptoms among caregivers, but not among care recipients. Findings suggest that care status and gender of caregivers and care recipients have significant effects on the association between negative interactions within couples and mental health outcomes.

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User acceptance of mobile internet based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology: Investigating the determinants and gender differences

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2010.38.3.415 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 415-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Hsiu-Yuan Wang ◽

Shwu-Huey Wang

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Unified Theory ◽

Research Model ◽

Internet Service ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Proposed Model ◽

And Gender

Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model (UTAUT; Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, 2003), the purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of mobile Internet (m-Internet) acceptance and to understand whether or not there are gender differences in the acceptance of m-Internet. Data collected online from 343 respondents in Taiwan were tested against the research model, using the structural equation modeling approach. The proposed model was mostly supported by the empirical data. The findings of this study provide several crucial implications for m-Internet service practitioners and researchers.

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Strategy and structure of the hotel industry in Malaysia

Social and Management Research Journal ◽

10.24191/smrj.v4i1.5129 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Salleh Mohd Radzi ◽

Mohamed Amran ◽

Abdul Razak Aziz ◽

Azlan Supardi

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Hotel Industry ◽

Strategic Orientation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Major Purpose ◽

Strategy And Structure ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The major purpose ofthis study was to examine the relationship of strategy and structure. Porter s(/980) strategic typology was utilized to classify hotel firms by strategic orientation; and, an analysis of variance was performed to determine the differences in their performance. Structural Equation Modeling was used to confirm the factors underlying the strategy and structure constructs.

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Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/0890207020988435 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702098843

Author(s):

Johanna Hartung ◽

Martina Bader ◽

Morten Moshagen ◽

Oliver Wilhelm

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Measurement Models ◽

And Gender ◽

Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

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Military Background and Gender Identity in Psychological Assessment Among College Students: Factorial Invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–62 (CCAPS-62)

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191121998768 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107319112199876

Author(s):

Arpita Ghosh ◽

Christopher R. Niileksela ◽

Rebecca Janis

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

College Counseling ◽

Counseling Center ◽

Factorial Invariance ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Future Research ◽

Military Background ◽

And Gender

The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–62 (CCAPS-62) across military background and gender identity. A sample of 2,208 military students and 2,208 nonmilitary students were chosen from a large database of university and college counseling centers. Using exploratory structural equation modeling, findings suggested the CCAPS-62 is mostly invariant across military background and gender identity. Only three item thresholds appeared to be noninvariant across groups. These results suggest comparisons of scores across military background and gender can be made. Latent mean differences across groups were also examined. After controlling for several background variables, there were some differences between males and females on subscales measuring depression, eating concerns, and generalized anxiety, but no differences between military and nonmilitary students. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

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Gender Differences on Attitudes and Participation in an Extracurricular Gymnastics Course Among Greek University Students

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ◽

10.1123/jtpe.2013-0226 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 424-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dimitrios C. Milosis ◽

Athanasios G. Papaioannou ◽

Theophanis A. Siatras ◽

Miltiadis Proios ◽

Michael Proios

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

University Students ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Male Students ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Voluntary Participation ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

Path Structure ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior

The aims of the study were (a) to test the effectiveness of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict Greek university students’ voluntary participation in an extracurricular gymnastics course, and (b) to evaluate gender differences. Two hundred sixty-three (127 female, 136 male) students participated in the study. Students’ attitudes, intention, and PBC were measured with a questionnaire and their attendance in the course was recorded by the teacher. Results from the MANOVA conducted showed that females had higher scores compared with males in all observed variables. Results from the structural equation modeling (SEM) employed supported the usefulness of TPB to explain students’ attitudes and behavior toward extracurricular physical activities (PA). Differences also emerged on path structure of the relationships among the variables.

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Workplace environment, employee satisfaction and intent to stay

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ◽

10.1108/ijchm-04-2017-0230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 268-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Deepak Bangwal ◽

Prakash Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Employee Satisfaction ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Hospitality Industry ◽

Hotel Industry ◽

Intent To Stay ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Workplace Design ◽

Design Features ◽

Content Type

PurposeThe hotel industry suffers from retaining its employees, and to retain their employees is a big challenge to the hotel industry. So, the purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship between workplace design features of hospitality industry with employee job satisfaction and their intent to stay through empirical validation.Design/methodology/approachAs per the objective of the study, three hypotheses were proposed based on a comprehensive literature review on workplace design features of the hospitality industry. The proposed relationships were examined by using structural equation modeling approach with AMOS 18 as prescribed by Hair et al. (1998).FindingsSignificant evidence was found in favor of proposed hypotheses. The result of hypothesis testing showed workplace design features of hospitality industry to positively influence employee’s intent to stay through job satisfaction.Originality/valueWhile the employee satisfaction and commitment has been a significant research topic for more than decades, barely any research has been conducted that focuses specifically on workplace design features of a hospitality industry. This study tries to make a link between workplace design with the employee intent to stay through employee satisfaction. These links are rare from an Indian perspective.

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Person perception across group boundaries: a dynamic model of perception across race and gender lines

10.32920/ryerson.14660763.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sally Yan-Jun Xie

Keyword(s):

Face Perception ◽

Impression Formation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Person Perception ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Trait Impressions

People form impressions of others from their faces, inferring character traits (e.g., friendly) along two broad, influential dimensions: Warmth and Competence. Although these two dimensions are presumed to be independent, research has yet to examine the generalizability of this model to cross-group impressions, despite extant evidence that Warmth and Competence are not independent for outgroup targets. This thesis explores this possibility by testing models of person perception for own-group and other-group perceptions, implementing confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modeling framework, and analyzing the underlying trait space using representational similarity analysis. I fit 402,473 ratings of 873 unique faces from 5,040 participants on 14 trait impressions to own-group and other-group models, exploring whether perceptions across race and gender are more unidimensional. Results indicate that current models of face perception fit poorly and are not universal as presumed: the space of trait impressions varies depending on targets’ race and gender. Keywords: person perception, impression formation, face perception, intergroup processes, social cognition

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Factors Related to Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ruth Pinedo ◽

Isabel Vicario-Molina ◽

Eva González Ortega ◽

Andrés Palacios Picos

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Healthy Habits ◽

And Gender

The COVID-19 disease has forced governments to adopt exceptional measures. The lockdown decreed in Spain in 2020 required citizens to stay confined at home, which might have affected their mental health. The objective is to identify factors that influenced adults' mental health during this period. A sample of 3,508 adults from the Spanish general population completed an online survey that collected sociodemographic data and information about daily planning and activities, healthy habits, loneliness, coping humor and mental health. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. According to the results, the proposed model showed good fit values, and latent variables explained 30% of the variance in mental health. Loneliness, coping humor, healthy habits, age and gender had a significant weight in the prediction of mental health during lockdown. Area of residence, number of days of confinement and number of people in the household were not related to mental health. This study addresses the effect of COVID-19 and social distancing measures by identifying risk and protective factors for the development of mental health difficulties. There is a need to target specific and early interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological impact of the pandemic while increasing well-being, especially in more vulnerable groups.

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