scholarly journals REPEATABILITY OF GROWTH TRAITS IN NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKENS USING EARLY RECORDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
S. N. IBE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
High Repeatability ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Local Chickens

One hundred and ninety-six records of body weight (WT), shank length (SL), keel length (KL), breast width (BW) and a principal component measure of body size (PCI) from a closed random-mated population of Nigerian local chickens of mixed sexes and genotypes were analyzed, using two records (2- and 4 - Week) from each individual. The repeatability of body weight (0.12±0.071) was low, indicating that selection for 4-week body weight may not result in higher lifetime average body weight. On the other hand, PCI had a high repeatability of 0.55±0.050, indicating that an appreciable amount of genetic improvement in lifetime average body size can be realized by using this trait as selection criterion. PCI is therefore recommended for selection purposes as it is a more reliable measure of an animal's overall body size. Although repeatabilities of SL (0.33±0.064), KL (0.38±0.061) and BW (0.21±0.068) were moderate, selection based on them singly may not be useful in improving overall body growth of an animal, unless selection is designed to improve specific body areas of prime economic value.

scholarly journals HERITABILITIES OF AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOME GROWTH TRAITS IN NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. L. Ebangi ◽  
S. N. Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Chicken Population ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Local Chickens

Heritabilities of and genetic correlations between body weight, shank length, keel length  and breast width in a population of Nigerian local chickens at 6 weeks of age were estimatedusing a total of 170 chicks of both sexes obtained from 5 sires each mated to 4 dams by  artifical insemination in a nested fashion. Average body weight, shank length, keel length and breast width at this age were 114.97g, 3.48cm, 3.35cm and 3.22cm, respectively.Genetic correlations between the traits were positive and high, ranging from 0.99 to 1.51. The moderate to high heritabilities (hs2) of these growth traits at 6 weeks point to the existence of an appreciable amount of additive genetic variance in the local chicken population and indicate that improvement in these traits can be brought about by intrapopulation selection. The high genetic correlations indicate the pleiotropic action of genes controlling these traits and that, by direct selection for any one of them, genetic improvement in the others will be realized as correlated responses.

scholarly journals Disparities in the body, chest, and wing morphometric among three subspecies of local male chickens for genetic breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
H D Putranto ◽  
Nurmeiliasari ◽  
Y Yumiati ◽  
A M Nur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Security ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Wing Span ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Local Chickens

Abstract Local chickens in developing countries, including Indonesia, have great potential to be developed into natural superior breeds to support food security and improve farmer welfare. Meanwhile, the major endemic subspecies found in the Bengkulu province are burgo and kampung chicken, as well as ketarras which are recently bred intensively. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the disparities in the morphometrics of three subspecies of local male chickens specifically on the body weight, length, chest girth and length, as well as wing span. Based on the results, the male burgo chicken morphometrical size was significantly smaller than ketarras, while the ketarras chicken was significantly smaller than kampung (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the average body weights for the burgo, ketarras and kampung chicken were 1.0, 1.2 and 1.9 kg cock-1, respectively, while the average of body length, chest and chest length, as well as wing span were 29.9, 40.0, 47.7 cm cock-1; 26.2, 30.1, 36.3 cm cock-1; 12.6, 17.8, 20.3 cm cock-1, and 34.4, 41.9, 55.9 cm cock-1, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the burgo and kampung chicken have the smallest and biggest morphometric sizes respectively.

Factors affecting individual body weight in field populations of the mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Morrisey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hydrobia Ulvae ◽  
Native Sediment ◽  
Individual Body ◽  
Average Body

Differences in average body size among allopatric and sympatric populations of hydrobiid mudsnails have been interpreted as the consequence of interspecific competitive interactions. Recently, however, doubts have been expressed concerning the certainty with which size differences can be ascribed simply to character displacement. Other environmental factors are known to influence body size in hydrobiids. In the present study one of these, sediment type, was investigated.Average body weight of Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) living on fine mud was consistently higher than that of members of the same species living on adjacent muddy sand. Snails were transplanted from one sediment type to the other, confined within cages, and their growth rates compared with those of control animals caged on their native sediment. The results of this experiment suggested that substrate type is one factor controlling body size, but the inconclusive nature of the results indicate that others are also involved.

scholarly journals Novel InDels of GHR, GHRH, GHRHR and Their Association with Growth Traits in Seven Chinese Sheep Breeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Mingli Wu ◽  
Haidong Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqin Tang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Xiaohua Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Indel Mutation ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

The GH growth axis plays an important role in the growth and development of animals and runs through the whole life of animals. Many studies have shown that molecular mutations in key genes of the GH axis will affect the growth and development of animals. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution characteristics of InDels of GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR in seven Chinese sheep populations, and to further explore the relationship between InDels and sheep growth traits. GHR showed high variation in Chinese sheep, and GHR-53 showed the highest minimum allele frequency (MAF). There was only one InDel mutation site in both GHRH and GHRHR. The genotype frequencies of Hu sheep (HS), Tong sheep (TS), and Lanzhou fat-tail sheep (LFTS) were quite different from other breeds. The association between GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR InDels and body size traits in seven varieties were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between GHRH and body size traits in the seven sheep populations. There was a positive association between GHR-21 and hip height of LFSH (p < 0.05). GHR-43 reduced body height and chest depth of Small tail han sheep (STHS) and hip width of TS. GHR-44 significantly affected the body weight of HS, the body height of STHS and the head depth of TS. GHR-53 significantly reduced cannon girth of HS, chest of STHS and forehead width of TS. GHRHR-2 significantly reduced the body weight of LFHS. To sum up, this study revealed the effects of GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR InDels on sheep phenotypic traits, which indicated their potential application prospects in the genetic improvement of mutton sheep.

scholarly journals Genotype analysis of partial growth hormone gene (GH891│MspI) in Pesisir cattle and Simmental-Pesisir crossbred cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hartatik ◽  
D. E. Putra ◽  
S. D. Volkandari ◽  
T. Kanazawa ◽  
S. Sumadi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Size Of Animals

Growth hormone gene that controls metabolism and body size of animals and polymorphism of the gene is known related to performance of livestock. Identification of gene polymorphisms was important to get early information to determine genetic markers associated with economically desirable traits. Genetic mapping is one of important characterizations in the selection process. Pesisir cattle is one of local cattle in Indonesia that are reared in West Sumatera and have become adaptive to local environment. The present study aimed to identify the genotype of Growth Hormone gene (GH891│MspI) of the Pesisir cattle and crossbred Simmental-Pesisir cattle (designated as SimPes) and relationship between growth performance (body weight and body size). The present study was conducted to 30 blood samples consisted of 15 Pesisir cattle and 15 SimPes cattle. Body weight and body size were measured at 12-18 months of age. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used in this research. The results showed that there exist three variant genotypes (MspI-/-, MspI+/-, MspI+/+) and that allele frequencies of MspI- and MspI+ were 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. Non-significant effect has found between GH’s genotype and growth traits (Body measurement and body weight) in both of breed cattle. In conclusion, three variant genotypes (GH891│MspI) in Pesisir and SimPes (Simmental x Pesisir) cattle population were found and no significant effect on growth trait performance.

Morphological differentiation between the larval forms of two cryptic species of dusky salamander (Desmognathus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Camp ◽  
Megan Barbour ◽  
Jessica Wooten
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Strong Separation ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
Salamander Species ◽  
Average Body

Desmognathus quadramaculatus and D. folkertsi are cryptic salamander species that occur sympatrically across the entire range of the latter species. However, the larval form of D. folkertsi has never been formally described, and studies of salamander larval communities within its range require the ability to distinguish it from its cryptic relative. We conducted morphometric analyses in order to compare the larval forms of these two species living in allopatry and searched for characters that may be useful in distinguishing them in the field. Larvae of D. quadramaculatus had a larger average body size than D. folkertsi, and larger specimens of the former species had redder tail fins. MANCOVA indicated significant differences in a suite of 22 morphological characters between the two species. Additional principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) indicated strong separation of factor and discriminant scores, respectively. Besides body size and tail-fin color, the best potential field character appears to be the forelimb length (FLL)/snout-vent length (SVL) ratio with larvae of D. quadramaculatus having a ratio above 0.2 and those of D. folkertsi having a lower ratio. However, these differences need to be confirmed in sympatry before they can be completely relied upon as useful field characters.

scholarly journals Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Transcriptomic Analysis of Simmental and Chinese Native Cattle Differing in Meat Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangren Meng ◽  
Ziwu Gao ◽  
Yusheng Liang ◽  
Chenglong Zhang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Simmental Cattle

With the rapid development of economy, the demand for beef, with regard to quantity and quality, by consumers has been increasing in China. Chinese native cattle are characterized by their abundant genetic resources, unique origins, large breeding stocks, and robust environmental adaptability. Thus, to explore the genetic mechanisms on regulating meat quality in Chinese native cattle is of great importance to satisfy increased requirements for beef production. In this study, we investigated three breeds of cattle, namely Yunling, Wenshan, and Simmental, at the age of 12 months. Animals were classified into three groups (n = 5/breed). Growth traits including body weight and body size and plasma hormone levels were measured. Body weight of Wenshan cattle was significantly lower than that of Yunling and Simmental cattle (P &lt; 0.05). Again, body size indexes, such as withers height, body slanting length, chest circumference, and hip and rump length, were significantly lower in Wenshan cattle than those in Yunling and Simmental cattle (P &lt; 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in those indexes between Yunling and Simmental cattle (P &gt; 0.05). Cattle were slaughtered at the age of 18 months and then meat color, pH, pressing losses, muscle tenderness, and cooking losses were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. Data revealed differences in meat quality among the three breeds analyzed. Based on transcriptomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, we observed 3,198 differentially expressed genes related to meat quality, of which 1,750 genes were upregulated. Moreover, we found two important signaling pathways closely linked to meat quality, namely adipocytokine signaling pathway [e.g., Leptin receptor (LEPR)] and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum [e.g., signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), heat shock protein (HSPA12A), and calpain 1 (CAPN1)]. The results of transcripts were further verified by qRT-PCR. Using correlation analysis between gene expression levels and shear force, we also identified two functional genes (e.g., HSPA12A and CAPN1) associated with meat quality. Overall, this study provides new sights into novel targets and underlying mechanisms to modulate meat quality in Chinese native cattle.

scholarly journals Hubungan morfologi telur dengan bobot telur dan bobot DOC dengan bobot badan ayam Kampung F1

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Depison Depison ◽  
Redo Prawira ◽  
Gushariyanto Gushariyanto ◽  
Silvia Erina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the relationship between egg morphology and egg weight and DOC weight with body weight of Kampung F1 chickens. The research material was 174 free-range chickens from hatching 315 eggs. The method used: experimental method. Data collected: egg size, egg weight, body weight, body weight gain, and body size. Data on egg size, egg weight, body weight, body weight gain and body size were analyzed using a t-test. The relationship between variables was analyzed regression and correlation analysis. Characteristics of body size and shape were analyzed principal component analysis. The results showed that egg size, egg weight, body weight, body weight gain and body size of male Kampung chickens were different (P <0.05) higher than females. Egg size affects egg weight, and DOC weight affects body weight at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age. Egg size was positively correlated with male and female egg weights. DOC weight was positively correlated with body weight of Kampung chickens aged 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The closest correlation between egg size and egg weight was egg circumference (0.913), and DOC weight with body weight was weight at 4 weeks of age (0.936). In conclusion, the relationship between egg size and egg weight,  DOC weight and body weight were linear and  had appositive values.

scholarly journals Growth traits and performance of caged Fulani ecotype chickens fed commercial diets meant for broiler and pullet chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
K. I. Ayorinde ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
S. A. O. Bolu ◽  
I. I. Adedibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body

Two Hundred and six day old Fulani Ecotype chicks (FEC)were used to investigate the effect of feeding two types of diet (Chick starter diet and Broiler starter diet formulated to meet standard nutritional requirement of pullets and broiler chicks) on growth traits and performance from O to 8 weeks. The broiler starter diet contained 23% Crude Protein (CP) and 3000Kcal/kg Metabolizable Energy (ME), and the Chick starter diet contained 21% CP and 2800Kcal/Kg ME. The growth traits measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), thigh length (TL), drumstick length (DL), keel length (KL), and shank length (SL), while chicks performance were estimated from feed intake. feed efficiency, growth rate and weight gain. Average body weight of chicks fed broiler starter diet were significantly (P<0.05) higher from week 1 to 8. Chicks fed broiler starter diet exhibited numerically higher BL, BG, WL, TL, DL and KL than those fed chick starter diet at all ages and differences were significant (P<0.05) at some ages. Chicks fed broiler starter diet significantly (P<0.05) consumed more feed at week 1 and 2, and they gained more weight than those fed chick starter diet from 0 to 4 weeks (120.51 vs. 97.89g), and 5-8 weeks (255.11 vs. 239.13g). Feed efficiency in chicks fed broiler starter diet was relatively higher by 13.21% than observed in those fed chick starter diet from day old to 4 weeks and this translated to faster growth rate during the period in the former group (34.30% Vs.32.67%). This Study shows that the broiler starter diet produced superior growth traits and better feed efficiency in Fulani Ecotype chicks.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Fenotip dan Genotip Gen GH (Growth Hormon) pada Ayam Tolaki

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amrullah Pagala ◽  
Achmad Selamet Aku ◽  
Rusli Badaruddin ◽  
Hamdan Has
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

This study aims to improve the genetic quality of local chickens through genetic approaches and phenotypic characterization for selection purposes. The cGH gene (Chicken Growth Hormone) is one of the genes responsible for local chicken growth traits. Tolaki chicken is a local chicken from Southeast Sulawesi. This study uses the phenotyping method of production and genotyping traits with PCR technique. A total of 50 parents of tolaki chicken were kept 4 weeks. The results showed average body weight of tolaki chicken ranged from 1,395 kg - 1,910 kg, average body weight gain was 58,78 (g / head / week), feed consumption was 81,37 (g / head / day) and ration conversion 9,68.  Body weight gain in males was slightly higher (60.30 g / head / mg) compared to females (58.42 g / head / mg). In this study, the presence of the tolaki chicken cGH gene was identified through DNA extraction and amplification through a PCR machine with a length of DNA section of 399 bp.

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