scholarly journals Novel InDels of GHR, GHRH, GHRHR and Their Association with Growth Traits in Seven Chinese Sheep Breeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Mingli Wu ◽  
Haidong Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqin Tang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Xiaohua Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Indel Mutation ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

The GH growth axis plays an important role in the growth and development of animals and runs through the whole life of animals. Many studies have shown that molecular mutations in key genes of the GH axis will affect the growth and development of animals. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution characteristics of InDels of GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR in seven Chinese sheep populations, and to further explore the relationship between InDels and sheep growth traits. GHR showed high variation in Chinese sheep, and GHR-53 showed the highest minimum allele frequency (MAF). There was only one InDel mutation site in both GHRH and GHRHR. The genotype frequencies of Hu sheep (HS), Tong sheep (TS), and Lanzhou fat-tail sheep (LFTS) were quite different from other breeds. The association between GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR InDels and body size traits in seven varieties were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between GHRH and body size traits in the seven sheep populations. There was a positive association between GHR-21 and hip height of LFSH (p < 0.05). GHR-43 reduced body height and chest depth of Small tail han sheep (STHS) and hip width of TS. GHR-44 significantly affected the body weight of HS, the body height of STHS and the head depth of TS. GHR-53 significantly reduced cannon girth of HS, chest of STHS and forehead width of TS. GHRHR-2 significantly reduced the body weight of LFHS. To sum up, this study revealed the effects of GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR InDels on sheep phenotypic traits, which indicated their potential application prospects in the genetic improvement of mutton sheep.

scholarly journals Detection of 15-bp Deletion Mutation within PLAG1 Gene and Its Effects on Growth Traits in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wei ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Chuanying Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Indel Mutation ◽  
Body Stature ◽  
Body Index

Stature and weight are important growth and development traits for animals, which also significantly affect the productivity of livestock. Polymorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is located in the growth-related quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN), and its variation has been determined to significantly affect the body stature of bovines. This study found that novel 15-bp InDel could significantly influence important growth traits in goats. The frequencies of genotypes of the 15-bp mutation and relationship with core growth traits such as body weight, body height, height at hip cross, chest circumference, hip width and body index were explored in 1581 individuals among 4 Chinese native goat breeds. The most frequent genotypes of Shaanbei white Cashmere goat (SWCG), Inner Mongolia White Cashmere goat (IMCG) and Guanzhong Dairy goat (GZDG) were II genotypes (insertion/insertion), and the frequency of ID genotype (insertion/deletion) was found to be slightly higher than that of II genotype in Hainan Black goat (HNBG), showing that the frequency of the I allele was higher than that of the D allele. In adult goats, there were significant differences between 15-bp variation and body weight, chest circumference and body height traits in SWCG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the locus was also found to be significantly correlated with the body index of HNBG (p = 0.044) and hip width in GZDG (p = 0.002). In regard to lambs, there were significant differences in height at the hip cross of SWCG (p = 0.036) and hip width in IMWC (p = 0.005). The corresponding results suggest that the 15-bp InDel mutation of PLAG1 is associated with the regulation of important growth characteristics of both adult and lamb of goats, which may serve as efficient molecular markers for goat breeding.

scholarly journals Growth and development of children under 5 years of age with tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Jin Zhu ◽  
Jun An ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Yili Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Local Conditions

AbstractCongenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are associated with different patterns of malnutrition and growth retardation, which may vary worldwide and need to be evaluated according to local conditions. Although tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the first described CHDs, the etiology outcomes in growth and development of TOF in early age child is still unclear in most cases. This study was designed to investigate the growth retardation status of Chinese pediatric TOF patients under 5 years old. The body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) of 262 pediatric patients (138 boys and 124 girls) who underwent corrective surgery for TOF between 2014 and 2018 were measured using conventional methods. The average body height, body weight and BMI of the patients were significantly lower than WHO Child Growth Standards, while the most affected was body height. Meanwhile, higher stunting frequency and greater deterioration of both the body height and weight happened in elder age (aged 13–60 months) rather than in infant stage (aged 0–12 months) among these patients. Our results confirmed that intervention should be given at early age to prevent the growth retardation of TOF patients getting severer.

scholarly journals Exploration of Genetic Variants within the Goat A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 12 (AKAP12) Gene and Their Effects on Growth Traits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2090
Author(s):  
Yangyang Bai ◽  
Rongrong Yuan ◽  
Yunyun Luo ◽  
Zihong Kang ◽  
Haijing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Indel Mutation ◽  
Anchoring Protein ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

The A-kinase anchoring protein 12 gene (AKAP12) is a scaffold protein, which can target multiple signal transduction effectors, can promote mitosis and cytokinesis and plays an important role in the regulation of growth and development. In our previous study, P1–7 bp (intron 3) and P2–13 bp (3′UTR) indels within the AKAP12 gene significantly influenced AKAP12 gene expression. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the association between these two genetic variations and growth-related traits in Shaanbei white cashmere goats (SBWC) (n = 1405). Herein, we identified two non-linkage insertions/deletions (indels). Notably, we found that the P1–7 bp indel mutation was related to the height at hip cross (HHC; p < 0.05) and the P2–13 bp indel was associated with body weight, body length, chest depth, chest width, hip width, chest circumference and cannon (bone) circumference in SBWC goats (p < 0.05). Overall, the two indels’ mutations of AKAP12 affected growth traits in goats. Compared to the P1–7 bp indel, the P2–13 bp indel is more suitable for the breeding of goat growth traits.

scholarly journals MORFOMETRICS OF MALE PASUNDAN CALVES ON DIFFERENT AGES UNDER EXTENSIVE REARING

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Dede Kardaya ◽  
Aryo Saputra Tanjung ◽  
Elis Dihansih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Polynomial Formula ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis research on Morphometrics of Male Pasundan on Various Age was carried out in July 2018 in Cibalong District, South Garut Regency, West Java. This study aims to determine the relationship between body size of male calves at various ages and estimation of body weight using body size. The object in this study was 28 male calves at the age of 1-12 months. The results showed a relationship (R2 approaching 1) with the equation of each measurement, namely the Logarithmic regression equation for body lenght and chest deep (96,837ln(x) – 311,88), Polinomial regression equation for body and length body height (-0144x2 + 2,9524x – 48,433), Power regression equation for chest deep and chest girth (0,5317x0,9285), Logarithmic regression equation for body length and chest deep (34,974ln(x) – 110,5), Polynomial regression equation for body height and chest deep (0,004x2 - 0,1438x + 19,89). The result also show that the best model of estimating the body weight of Pasundan cattel is to use the the Polynomial formula with the equation y= 0.218x2 – 2.2536x + 76.074 where x is the size of the calf’s chest girth.Keyword: Extensive, morphometrics, pasundan male calf, weight estimation, polynomial

scholarly journals The 10 bp duplication insertion/deletion in the promoter region within paired box 7 gene is associated with growth traits in cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Jin ◽  
Hanfang Cai ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Fengpeng Lin ◽  
Xinglei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Animal Growth

Abstract. Paired box 7 (Pax7) gene, a member of the paired box gene family, plays a critical role in animal growth and muscle development, especially in cell proliferation and self-renewal. The aim of this study was to detect the 10 base pair (bp) duplication insertion/deletion (indel) in the promoter region within the bovine Pax7 gene as well as its association with growth traits. Herein, a total of 718 individuals from five Chinese cattle breeds were sampled and detected. The 10 bp duplication indel was found in these cattle breeds and there were three genotypes: II (insertion/insertion), ID (insertion/deletion), and DD (deletion/deletion). Moreover, this indel was significantly associated with the body weight in Xianan cattle (P = 0.006), the body height in Jinjiang cattle (P = 0.046), and the hip width in Pi'nan cattle (P = 0.020). Consistently, the individuals with II genotype showed better phenotypic traits than those with the other genotypes in these five breeds. These findings suggest that the 10 bp duplication indel within the bovine Pax7 gene could be considered as an effective DNA molecular marker that provides valuable theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in beef cattle in the future.

scholarly journals A novel 17 bp indel in the <i>SMAD3</i> gene alters transcription level, contributing to phenotypic traits in Chinese cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Shi ◽  
Wenwen Peng ◽  
Jianyu Yan ◽  
Hanfang Cai ◽  
Xianyong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dna Pool

Abstract. SMAD3, the messenger of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, plays essential roles in myogenesis and osteogenesis and may relate to the regulation of body weight. In this study, a 17 bp indel (NC_007308: g.101893_101909insGAGGATGAGTGCTCCAG) in intron3 of the SMAD3 gene was detected in four Chinese cattle breeds (Qinchuan, Jiaxian, Nanyang and Caoyuan) by using DNA pool sequencing, and its effects on gene expression and growth traits were analyzed in Qinchuan and Caoyuan cattle. The results showed that the indel locus was significantly associated with SMAD3 transcriptional levels where II genotypes had a higher value than DD genotypes in Qinchuan (QC) cattle muscle tissue (P < 0.05). In addition, the locus was strongly associated with chest girth, chest width, rump length, hucklebone width and body weight in 2-year-old QC cattle (P < 0.05) and body weight (12 months), body height (18 months) and chest girth (18 months) in Caoyuan cattle (P < 0.5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the association between SMAD3 indel and cattle phenotype, and it may contribute to understanding the function of the indel, which could be a promising marker for beef cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Identification of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 1 (SSTR1) Gene Polymorphism and Their Association with Growth Traits in Hulun Buir Sheep

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Dehong Tian ◽  
Buying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Synonymous Mutations

This study was conducted to evaluate SSTR1 gene polymorphisms and their association with growth traits in Hulun Buir sheep. We followed 233 Hulun Buir sheep from birth to 16 months of age, born in the same pasture and on the same year under a consistent grazing conditions. The body weight (BW), body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (ChC), chest depth (ChD), chest width (ChW), hip width (HW), and cannon circumference (CaC) were measured and recorded at birth, 4 months, 9 months, and 16 months of age. The polymorphisms of the SSTR1 gene in Hulun Buir sheep were excavated using exon sequencing, and association analyses of between SNPs and growth traits at each growth stage were conducted. The results showed that there were four SNPs in Exon 2 of the SSTR1 gene, SNP1, SNP2, and SNP3 were low mutation sites, and SNP4 was a moderate mutation site. Four SNPs were consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and all of them were synonymous mutations. The association analyses found that the genotypes of SNP2 were significantly associated with WW and BH at 4 months of age, BW, BL, ChC, and HW at 9 months of age (p < 0.05), and extremely significantly associated with ChD at 4 and 9 months of age (p < 0.01). There were significant associations between SNP3 and BH at 9 months of age, between SNP4 and ChD, ChW, and CaC at 9 months of age, and BW and ChC at 16 months of age (p < 0.05). There were no detectable associations with growth traits among the seven haplotypes between the SNP1, 3, and 4 of a strong linkage disequilibrium (p > 0.05). These results indicated that SNP2, SNP3, and SNP4 may be used as molecular markers for growth traits of Hulun Buir sheep.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Broselow Tape Weight Estimate among Pediatric Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turki M. AlHarbi ◽  
Abdullaziz AlGarni ◽  
Fasial AlGamdi ◽  
Mona Jawish ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Medical City

Objective.To determine the accuracy of the Broselow Tape (BT) versions 2007 and 2011 in estimating weight among pediatric population.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City and six schools across Riyadh province on 1–143-month-old children. BT 2007 and 2011 estimated weights were recorded. Both tapes via the child’s height produce an estimated weight, which was compared with the actual weight.Results.A total of 3537 children were recruited. The height (cm) of the subjects was97.7±24.1and the actual weight (kg) was16.07±8.9, whereas the estimated weight determined by BT 2007 was15.87±7.56and by BT 2011 was16.38±7.95. Across all the five age groups, correlation between actual weight and BT 2007 ranged between 0.702 and 0.788, while correlation between actual weight and BT 2011 ranged between 0.698 and 0.788. Correlation between BT 2007 and BT 2011 across all the five age groups ranged from 0.979 to 0.989. Accuracy of both the tape versions was adversely affected when age was >95 months and body weight was >26 kilograms.Conclusions.Our study showed that BT 2007 and 2011 provided accurate estimation of the body weight based on measured body height. However, 2011 version provided more precise estimate for weight.

Respiratory Exchange and Body Size in the Aldabra Giant Tortoise

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES ◽  
R. GAYMER ◽  
MARGARET MOORE ◽  
A. J. WOAKES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
The Body ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

1. The O2 consumption and CO2 release of nine giant tortoises Testudo gigantea (weight range 118 g-35·5 kg) were measured at a temperature of about 25·5°C. Four European tortoises Testudo hermanni (weight range 640 g-2·16 kg) were also used. The mean RQ values obtained were 1·01 for T. gigantea and 0·97 for T. hermanni. These values were not influenced by activity or size. 2. The data was analysed by plotting log/log regression lines relating body weight to O2 consumption. Both maximum and minimum metabolic rates recorded for each individual T. gigantea showed a negative correlation with body weight. For active rates the relation was O2 consumption = 140·8W0·97, whereas for inactive animals O2 consumption = 45·47W0·82. 3. The maximum rates were obtained from animals that were observed to be active in the respirometer and the minimum rates from animals that remained quiet throughout. The scope for activity increased with body size, being 82 ml/kg/h for animals of 100 g and 103 ml/kg/h for 100 kg animals. The corresponding ratio between maximum and minimum rates increases from about 2 to 6 for the same weight range. 4. Values for metabolic rate in T. hermanni seem to be rather lower than in T. gigantea. Analysis of the relative proportion of the shell and other organs indicates that the shell forms about 31% of the body weight in adult T. hermanni but only about 18% in T. gigantea of similar size. The shell is not appreciably heavier in adult T. gigantea (about 20%). 5. Data obtained for inactive animals is in good agreement with results of other workers using lizards and snakes. Previous evidence suggesting that chelonians show no reduction in metabolic rate with increasing size is not considered to conflict with data obtained in the present work.

scholarly journals Body Weight Estimation of Yak Based on Cloud Edge Computing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu_an Zhang ◽  
Zijie Sun ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Shujun Yin ◽  
Wenzhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Measurement Point ◽  
Display System ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Foreground Extraction ◽  
Manual Measurement

Abstract In stock farming, the body size parameters and weight of yaks can reasonably reflect the growth and development characteristics, production performance and genetic characteristics of yaks. However, it is difficult for herders to measure the body size and weight of yaks by traditional manual methods. Fortunately, with the development of edge computing, herders can use mobile devices to estimate the yak’s body size and weight. The purpose of this paper is to provide a machine vision-based yak weight estimation method for the edge equipment and establish a yak estimation comprehensive display system based on the user’s use of the edge equipment in order to maximize the convenience of herdsmen’s work. In our method, a set of yak image foreground extraction and measurement point recognition algorithm suitable for edge equipment were developed to obtain yak’s measurement point recognition image, and the ratio between body sizes was transmitted to the cloud server. Then, the body size and weight of yaks were estimated using the data mining method, and the body size estimation data were constantly displayed in the yak estimation comprehensive display system. 25 yaks in different age groups were randomly selected from the herd to perform experiments. The experimental results show that the foreground extraction method can obtain segmentation image with good boundary, and the yak measurement point recognition algorithm has good accuracy and stability. The average error between the estimated values and the actual measured values of body height, oblique length, chest depth, cross height and body weight is 1.95%, 3.11%, 4.91%, 3.35% and 7.79%, respectively. Compared with the traditional manual measurement method, the use of mobile end to estimate the body size and weight of yaks can improve the measurement efficiency, facilitate the herdsmen to breed yaks, reduce the stimulation of manual measurement on yaks, and lay a solid foundation for the fine breeding of yaks in Sanjiangyuan region.

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