scholarly journals EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON THE GROWTH AND EGG-LAYING CAPACITY OF THE AFRICAN GIANT LAND SNAIL Archachatina marginata (Swainson) RAISED IN CAPTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Y. AKEGBEJO-SAMSONS ◽  
O. AKINNUSI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Average Weight Gain

The effects of the population density of adult African, giant land snail, Archachatina marginata on the egg-laying capacity and the growth of the brooders and hatchlings were investigated for 9 months. Ten culture pens were stocked with snails at 20%, 40%, 50%, 80% and 100% capacity with each group in 2 replicates. Average weight gain of brooders was highest in pens stocked at 40% population density while the lowest was in pen stocked at 100%. Average number of eggs laid per snail and average number of eggs per pen followed the same trend in the study. The highest average number of eggs laid per pen was obtained in pens stocked at 60% population density (586) while the least was from pens at 20% population density. The result was the same for the average number of eggs laid per snail i.e. 7.5 eggs in pens stocked at 60% and 4.1 eggs in pens stocked at 20%. There was no significant difference in the weights of hatchlings in the different pens.

scholarly journals Performance and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens fed avocado (Persea americana) seed meal based diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
O. S. George ◽  
G. H. Allison ◽  
O. A. Ekine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Avocado Seed

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of using Avocado seed meal (ASM) as a feed ingredient in broiler chickens feed. One hundred and twenty (120), one day-old cobb breed of broiler chickens were used. There were four (4) experimental diets with diet 1 (T1) serving as the control treatment with no inclusion of avocado seed meal (0.00). Diets 2,3 and 4 contained 0.50,1.00 and 1.50% inclusion of ASM, respectively. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three (3) replicates per treatment. Each treatment had 30 birds with 10 birds per replicate. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in final weight and average weight gain as T2 with 0.50% inclusion of ASM was significantly (P<0.05) higher for final weight (1338.33) and average weight gain (1290.33) than other treatments. While final weight (973.30) and average weight gain (925.33) in T4 with 1.50% inclusion of ASM was significantly lower. There was no significant difference among initial weight, feed intake and FCR. Among all the biochemical parameters observed, only magnesium and urea were significantly different. Mg content was significantly higher in T4 (32.33) and the least was observed in T1 (1.80) while urea content was significantly higher in T1 (1.80) and the least was observed in T3 (1.03). From the performance parameters that was obtained, it was recommended that 0.50% of ASM should be used for broiler production in terms of body weight.

scholarly journals REHABILITATION CENTER FOR NUTRITION: A NOVEL APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinakini P. Solanki ◽  
Priti P Patel ◽  
Vijay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Introduction:  Malnutrition is a pathological state of deficiency or excess of nutrients. Under-nutrition indicates a state wherein the weight for age, height for age, and weight for height indices are below-2 Z-score of the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) norms. In children aged <5 years under nutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. There is significant increase in the risk of case fatality rate in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children suffering from diarrhoea, measles, and pneumonia. Revised estimates with the use of the new WHO Child Growth Standards in developing country situations has resulted in a 2–4 times increase in the number of infants and children falling below-three standard deviation (3SD) weight for height/length as compared to that of using the former NCHS reference. Material and Methods:  The study was conducted on sample size of 100 children and were then followed up for the period of 2 months to assess the nutritional status during the period of initial stay and the entire follow-up period using available records of anthropometric indicators of the admitted children recruited in the study at the Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC). Weight at admission and discharge and daily weights were recorded from the NRC registers; average weight gain was calculated. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study of which 54 (54%) were girls and 46 (46%) were boys. The mean age duration for the entire group was 26.45 ± 12.23 months; for boys 25.87 ± 12.54 months and for girls 23.66 ± 12.88 months. 51% of the parents of the admitted children were illiterate, 48% had received education up to primary school, and 1% of the parents were graduates. 49% of the parents of the admitted children were daily wage labourers, while 36% of the mothers were housewives. The average weight gain for the study group during their stay at the centers was 9.34 ± 4.33 g/kg/day; for boys the average weight gain being 8.11 ± 5.27 g/kg/day and for girls 10.29 ± 5.99 g/kg/day. The mean MUAC at admission was 11.38 ± 0.96 cm and at discharge it was 11.99 ± 1.68 cm. The difference was observed to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Dropout rates of 10%, 32%, 48%, and 70% were obtained for the four follow-up visits conducted 15 days, 30days, 45  days , and 60 days from the day of discharge. Conclusion: Children belonging to illiterate mothers have the highest rates of malnutrition. There was a significant difference between mean weight at discharge and the mean weight at admission for the entire study group which is really satisfying the need of NRC.

Uso de probiótico em borregas mestiças Dorper suplementadas a pasto: desempenho e parâmetro ruminal

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Ricciardi Sbizera ◽  
José Victor Pronievicz Barreto ◽  
Daiene Mantovi Locoman ◽  
Michele Monteiro Sudak ◽  
Manuela Venturelli Finco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Na ovinocultura há a necessidade de se adaptar às novas tecnologias para obtenção de produtos com qualidade cada vez melhor. Os probióticos são suplementos alimentares contendo micro-organismos ruminais e intestinais viáveis que, em quantidade adequada, produzem efeitos benéficos na saúde dos pequenos ruminantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e parâmetro ruminal, através do uso de probiótico, em borregas mestiças Dorper suplementadas a pasto. Foram utilizadas 57 borregas mestiças Dorper, com idade entre 6 a 12 meses, sendo separadas em dois grupos: GC (grupo controle), com 28 animais, e GT (grupo tratado), com 29 borregas. Todos permaneceram em dois piquetes contendo capim-estrela e capim Aruana, sendo que houve revezamento semanalmente entre os grupos para cada pastagem. Uma vez ao dia, os dois grupos receberam concentrado energético-proteico equivalente a 1,5% de peso vivo por animal, disponibilizada em cochos, e somente o GT recebeu probiótico em pó na quantidade de 5g por animal, misturado à ração. Realizou-se análise bromatológica dos pastos e concentrado. No dia inicial (D0) e final do experimento (D45), foi feita classificação do escore corporal. Os animais foram pesados no dia inicial (D0), dia 7 (D7), dia 15 (D15), dia 30 (D30) e no dia último dia (D45), obtendo-se o ganho médio de peso diário (GMPD) e o peso médio. Avaliou-se o suco ruminal no último dia do experimento (D45). Não houve diferença significativa no desempenho entre os grupos, entretanto, o parâmetro ruminal demonstrou resultados superiores no grupo tratado. Palavras-chave: Escore Corporal. Ganho de Peso Médio. Liquido Ruminal. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAbstractIn sheep farming, farmers need to adapt to the new technologies to obtain better quality products. Probiotics are dietary supplements containing viable ruminal and intestinal microorganisms, which in adequate amount can produce beneficial effects on the small ruminants health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the permormance and ruminal parameter by probiotic use in crossbred Dorper lambs supplemented to pasture. 57 crossbreed Dorper lambs were used, aged 6 to 12 months and they were separated into two groups: GC (control group), with 28 animals, and TC (treated group) with 29 lambs. They remained in Cynodon plectostachyus and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana piquet and there was a weekly relay between groups for each pasture. Once a day both groups received concentrate equivalent to 1.5% of live weight per animal, available in troughs and only the GC received probiotic in the amount of 5g per animal, mixed with feed. A bromatological analysis of the pasture and concentrate was made. On the initial day (D0) and on the end of the experiment (D45), the body score was made in all animals. They were weighed on the initial day (D0), day 7 (D7), day 15 (D15), day 30 (D30) and on the last day of experiment (D45). The average weight gain and the mean weight were performed on all days of the experiment . The ruminal fluid was evaluated on the last day of the experiment (D45). There was no significant difference in performance between the groups and the ruminal parameter showed superior results in the treated group.Keywords: Body Score. Average Weight Gain. Ruminal Fluid. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

scholarly journals Enhancing performance of Murrah Buffalo through improved probiotic feed management in Kapau Village, Agam Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
E Roza ◽  
S N Aritonang ◽  
Y Yellita ◽  
H Susanty ◽  
Rizqan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Murrah Buffalo ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Abstract This study aims to improve the production performance of Murrah buffalo which covers average weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion by increasing probiotic feed. The research was conducted on the herd of Murrah buffalo at Kelok Rambai, Kapau Village, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Fifteen Murrah buffaloes with three to five years of age were used in the research. There were three treatments conducted including P1 = basal feed + probiotics; P2 = P1 + concentrate (cassava leaf pellet); and P3 = P1 + commercial concentrate (pellet). All three treatments were also given 7 cc/head/month of probiotics. The results of the study with probiotic feeding on Murrah buffalo showed the average feed consumption of P2 (36.55), P3 (35.99), P1 (35.74) and daily weight gain (DWG) P2 (1.09 kg/head/day), P3 (0.91 kg/head/day), P1 (0.55 kg/head/day) did not show a significant difference, while in feed conversion, P2 (0.68 ), P1 (0.46), P3 (0. 31) it showed a significant difference (p>0.05). This study concludes that the provision of basal ration plus cassava leaf pellets showed significant results on feed conversion in Murrah buffalo but did not show significant differences in feed consumption and DWG. However, it showed a substantial enough average of P2 that could be used as a feed supplement in Murrah buffalo.

scholarly journals Growth performance and prediction of carcass production of captive javan porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00023
Author(s):  
Wartika Rosa Farida ◽  
Andri Permata Sari ◽  
Umar Sofyani ◽  
R. Lia Rahadian Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Number Of Births

Porcupines are unique mammals, their upper body is covered with hard hair resembling sharp cylindrical spines and belongs to the order Rodentia. It has long been used as a source of animal protein. Javan porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is an endemic animal on Java and its population is estimated to continue, due to habitat destruction, poaching, and its use without a conservation. Observations on the growth of young javan porcupines were carried out for 12 months in Small Mammal Captivity, Research Center Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences. This study aims to determine the growth performance of young porcupines in captivity based on number of births, namely singles, twins, and triplets. The young will be with their mother for 3 months, they will be placed in individual cages. Weighing porcupines is done once a week. The results suggest that porcupines continue grow until they are 12 months old and probably continued. The average weight gain of single born was 30.31 g/day; birth of twins 29.65 g/day, 29.72 g/day; and birth of triplets were 29.57 g/day, 28.14 g/day, and 29.79 g/day. Prediction of 12-month-old porcupine carcass production for single, twins, and triplets, respectively, was 6740.86 g; 6593.15 g; and 6470.50 g.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

Enrichment strategy of object combination on the behaviour of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
A. A. Famakinwa ◽  
O. A. Adebiyi ◽  
T. O. Bankole ◽  
P. O. Idahosa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Average Weight Gain

This study was carried out to determine the effect of object combination as environmental enrichment on behaviour of growing pigs. Thirty-six (36) crossbreed (Large White X Landrace) growing pigs with average weight of 34-36Kg were allotted randomly into four treatments, replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The four treatments were; Control (without enrichment), PRope (2 pieces of polyester rope), treatment SWood (2 pieces of soft wood) and treatment PRope+SWood (1 piece of soft wood and 1 piece of polyester rope). Behavioural observations were monitored by CCTV and recordings were made for 6 hours/day and 3days/week. At the end of the experiment, data collected includes average feed intake and average weight gain while feed conversion ratio was calculated. Likewise, behavioural observations; enrichment use, general activities, pen manipulation and pen-mate manipulation were observed. Behavioural data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) while performance data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Performance data were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by enrichments for all the parameters measured. PRope+SWood had the highest value for the final weight (50.63kg), average weight gain (15.95kg) and average feed intake (56.61kg) while PRope had the highest FCR 4.18). Penmate manipulation (10.48%), pen manipulation (19.02%) and general activities (14.62%) were lower and significantly better for PRope+SWood compared to PRope and SWood and the highest interaction with enrichment objects was observed in the PRope+SWood (55.88%). It can be concluded that the use of combination of enrichment objects enhanced the performance and behaviour of pigs.

The effectiveness of prophylactic sterilisation of beehive materials by gamma radiation

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Oldroyd ◽  
C Reinganum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies hived in beehive materials that had been sterilised by gamma irradiation had an average weight gain of 29.3 kg while those housed in untreated hives had an average gain of 27.1 kg.Bees sampled from both the treated and untreated colonies were examined for the presence of Nosema apis and virus, causitive organisms of stress related diseases, at the end of the season. No significant differences were found. The slight increase in weight (2.2 kg) of the sterilised colonies was not sufficient to justify the cost of prophylactic sterilisation of beehive equipment.

A test of a free-access two-level pen for fattening pigs

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraser ◽  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
B. K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tiered System ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTTwo prototype two-tiered pens were constructed for fattening pigs. The pens consisted of a solid or porous upper floor located 0-8 m above a slatted lower floor, with a short ramp joining the two levels. Food was available only on the upper level and water only on the lower. Eleven groups, each of 15 to 18 pigs were housed in the two-tiered pens for 8 weeks, starting at 10 weeks of age, while matched control groups were housed in a conventional pen offering the same amount of total floor space. During the 1st week, some pigs were slow to adapt to the two-tiered system and average weight gain was lower than in the control pen. Over the 8 weeks, however, weight gain and food conversion ratios were very similar in the two pen types. The animals made effective use of the two levels, and kept the upper level free from dung. Physical condition of pigs in the two-tiered pen was as good as, or better than, that of the controls. The two-tiered design offers several potential advantages in terms of animal production and behavioural problems.

scholarly journals Fermented sorghum porridge fortified with moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp cured children from moderate acute malnutrition in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 16622-16637
Author(s):  
Nago E ◽  
◽  
JO Agossadou ◽  
FJ Chadare ◽  
S Houndji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Inappropriate feeding, too early introduction of complementary foods and restriction in food selection are a major cause of malnutrition among young children in developing countries. Food-to-food fortification is a good strategy to enhance the nutritional quality of children’s diet. This strategy is more and more promoted because it allows delivery of micronutrients to a large population in a cost-effective manner.The present study aimed at testing the effect of the consumption of sorghum porridge fortified with moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp on the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months in Northern Benin. A two-week intervention was implemented in Tanguiéta (Benin) among children affected by moderate acute malnutrition, using 400g of fermented sorghum porridge fortified with15g of a designed mix of moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp. Sixty-three children aged 6–59 months who had malnutrition assessed by anthropometry were randomly selected and assigned to a treatment or a control group. Children in the treatment group consumed the fortified formula daily for two weeks in a nutritional rehabilitation hearth whereas those in the control group had their habitual diet. Their nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometry. Recovery rate and average weight gain of children were computed.Results show that daily consumption of the fortified food for two weeks did not significantly (P> 0.05) increase children’s weight in treatment vs. control. However, average weight gain was 9.85g/kg/day in the treatment group and total recovery rate at risk of malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition was 62.50% among children who fully complied with the intervention. Fermented sorghum porridge fortified with moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp may be promoted to scale in more regions of Benin as a local affordable and effective therapeutic food against child acute malnutrition. Further investigation of its potential effect while accounting for parasitic infection is needed, to eliminate all risks of intestinal micro nutrient malabsorption or malaria and enhance the effectiveness of the fortified food on children’s weight as well as their iron status.

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