scholarly journals GROWTH RESPONSE, BODY TEMPERATURE AND BLOOD CONSTITUENTS OF PULLET CHICKS FED CASSAVA PEEL MEAL SUPPLEMENTED WITH CASHEW NUT REJECT MEAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
O. M. Sogunle ◽  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
S. S. Abiola ◽  
A. M. Bamgbose
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Cassava Peel

A 3 x 4 factorial experiment was conducted with four hundred and thirty-two, 7day old Yaafa brown pullet chicks in which the birds were divided into 12 treatment groups with 3 replications of 12 birds each. The diets consisted of 3 levels of cassava peel meal-CPM (0%, 10% and 20%) with each supplemented with 4 levels of cashew nut reject meal-CNM (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The study was conducted for 56 days. 20% CPM inclusion in the diets increased (P < 0.05) the bird’s body temperature and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the weight gain across treatments. Significant (P < 0.05) declines were also seen in the final weight from 0% to 20% CPM inclusion levels 0% CPM inclusion gave the highest (P < 0.05) weight gain 9.56 with the best (P < 0.05) feed/gain ration of 3.62. The cost of 1kg feed consumed (#) and 1kg feed consumed/weight gain #/g) were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by CPM inclusion in the diets. The lowest values of #38.09 and #4.00, respectively, were recorded in 0% CPM inclusion. The effect in the platelet. However, the effect of CNM inclusion on the performance and cost benefits, showed that the body temperature marginally increased (P > 0.05). Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in feed intake, percentage mortality, cost of 1kg feed consumed and cost of 1kg feed consumed/weight gain with CNM inclusion. The 30% CNM inclusion level had the lowest feed intake of 33.91g/bird and the best feed/gain of 3.86. The blood parameters recorded fluctuating values with CNM inclusion. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed only in the packed cell volume and the total protein. In the interaction, the highest final weight, weight gain and the best feed/gain were observed in diets 3 (0%CPM and 20%CNM). The lowest body temperature (P < 0.05) of 37.9oC was recorded in diet 1 (0%CPM and 0%CNM) while the highest value of 41.0oC was recorded in diets 9 (20%CPM and 0%CNM) and 10 (20%CPM and 10%CNM). The results showed that the blood parameters were not affected by the protein quality of the diets as CNM inclusion levels masked the deleterious effect of CPM in the diets. It was therefore concluded that the supplementation of CPM diets with CNM enhanced the utilization of the diets by ensuring normal growth response body temperature and blood constitutions.

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of broiler chickens fed dietary sweet orange peel meal diets with and without enzyme addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
T. A. Sunmola ◽  
C. D. Tuleun ◽  
O. I. A. Oluremi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Final Weight

The growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of two hundred and fifty two (252) Abor acre plus broiler chickens fed sweet orange peel meal (SOPM) with and without enzymes were investigated. The experimental diets consist of control (T ), maize was 0 replaced with SOPM at 15, 20 and 25 % without exogenous enzymes to form T , T and T 1 2 3 respectively, and another supplemented with exogenous enzyme to form T , T and T 4 5 6 respectively. The birds were randomly allocated to seven treatment groups replicated three times to have 12 birds per replicate and were fed experimental diet ad-libitum for eight weeks. Result showed that broiler chickens fed control diet (T ) had significantly (P<0.05) 0 higher final weight (FW) of 2.44kg, weight gain (WG) of 42.91, feed intake (FI) of 86.53, better feed conversion ratio (FCR)of 2.01 and protein conversion ratio (PCR)of 0.44 compared to other dietary treatments. Broiler chickens fed T and T had significantly 1 4 (P<0.05) higher final weight of 1.98 and 1.98 kg, weight gain of 34.69 and 34.71 g and feed intake of 78.35 and 81.63 g respectively while significantly (P<0.05) least values of 1.75 and 1.80 kg final weight, 30.73 and 31.49 g weight gain and 69.47 and 71.84 g feed intake respectively were recorded in broiler chickens fed T and T . Haematological indices namely: 2 5 PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb were not significantly different (P>0.05) but MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes, heterophil, eosinophil and monocytes differed significantly (P<0.05). Serum biochemical indices namely total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the experimental diets. Though, there was no detrimental effect of SOPM and enzyme on production cost as profit was made at all replacement levels of SOPM with and without enzyme treatment, but profit per bird (N) and cost to benefit ratio revealed the superiority of the broiler chickens fed control diet (T ). Based on the results obtained, 0 SOPM can replace maize up to 25 % without posing any deleterious effect on the broiler chickens growth performance, blood parameters and production cost. However, the cost to benefit ratio was compromised with the use of SOPM. 

scholarly journals Effects of diets containing processed cassava peel meal on performance and feed economies of growing red Sokoto bucks

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
R. Audu ◽  
A. B. Amin ◽  
A. M. Abdullahi ◽  
U. Kundi ◽  
A. Tijjani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cassava Peel

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of differently processed cassava peel meal on the performance and economies of growing red sokoto bucks. Four experimental diets were formulated; diet T1 (control) contained 20 % sun-dried cassava peel meal while diets T2 , T3 and T4 contained 20 % soaked, 20 % boiled and 20 % fermented cassava peel meal, respectively. Each diet was fed to a group of 3 bucks for 70 days in a completely randomized design. Among the differently processed cassava peel meals included in the diets of growing red sokoto bucks, inclusion of fermented cassava peel meal significantly (p<0.05) increased the final weight (19.63 kg), weight gain (6.63 kg) and total feed intake (19.93 kg) of the bucks; no significant effect was observed on other performance indices. There was also a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the feed cost per kilogram weight gain of bucks fed diet containing fermented cassava peel meal. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of fermented cassava peel meal in the diets of growing red sokoto bucks resulted in better performance of the bucks and reduced the cost of feed per kilogram weight gain.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potential of barley extract in rats subjected to a high-fat diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Mesquita Zimmermann ◽  
Alessandra Coelho Rivero ◽  
Aline Sobreira Bezerra ◽  
Amanda Roggia Ruviaro ◽  
Mariana Moura Ercolani Novack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat

Antioxidants have the ability to neutralize free radicals produced in the body during lipid oxidation. The objective in this article was to study the effect of the barley extract on lipid oxidation in rats subjected to a high-fat diet. The experiment lasted 67 days. The animals were separated into three experimental groups: standard (P), high-fat diet group (L), and group with high-fat diet supplemented with barley extract (C). The feed intake of L and C groups was the lowest (p < 0.05). The treatments did not influence weight gain, organ weight, and the blood parameters measured. However, the levels of malondialdehyde present in the liver tissue were higher in the L group and lower in the P and C groups. Therefore, the results indicated an increased level of lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats subjected to high-fat diet, which was reduced by the consumption of barley.

scholarly journals Using different levels of energy and protein and their effects on bodyweight and blood chemistry of ostriches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Nikravesh-Masouleh ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Magdalena Solka ◽  
Mohammad Dadashbeiki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.

Effect of an acidifier as replacement for antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
BA Makanjuola ◽  
OO Obi ◽  
TO Olorungbohunmi ◽  
OA Morakinyo ◽  
BA Boladuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of an acidifier as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty (180) 7-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments of 4 replicates each. Each replicate had 15 birds. The diets fed to the birds were: Treatment 1- diet with neither antibiotic nor acidifier; Treatment 2- diet with antibiotic and Treatment 3- diet with acidifier. The antibiotic used was Enrofloxacin which was administered to the birds on Treatment 2 via their drinking water while the acidifier used was Biotronic SE (a combination of propionic and formic acids) which was added to the diet of birds on Treatment 3 at the rate of 4kg/tonne of feed. The experiment lasted 42 days. No significant differences were observed in the feed intake, final weight and weight gain of the birds on the different diets. Significant differences were however observed in the villus height in the duodenum and ileum of the birds. The crypt depth values in the different segments of the small intestines of the birds were not significantly affected by the different treatments.Key words: Organic acids, Biotronic SE, Enrofloxacin, Crypt, villus.

scholarly journals Geo-Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Nutrition of Broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Annongu ◽  
O. R. Karim ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
R. M. O. Kayode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Inclusion Level

Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera seeds obtained from the middle belt of Nigeria, Benue State, was determined and the seed was blended to form a seed meal. The Moringa oleifera Seed Meal, MOSM was included in diets at graded levels of 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50% and the dietary performance of the broiler chicks on the test diets was compared with that of a corn-soy reference diet. Results on the chemical/nutritional composition of MOSM showed that the full-fat seeds contained (%) on proximate basis, reasonable concentration of 90.38 dry matter, 25.37 crude protein, 14.16 crude fat, 4.03 mineral matter, 30.64 crude fiber, 25.80 soluble carbohydrate and 5.79 kcal/g gross energy. Analyses also gave appreciable quantities of the water and fat soluble vitamins, macro - and micro-minerals. Feeding chicks with the seed meal at graded levels in diets resulted in decrease in feed intake and body weight gain as the inclusion level increased in diets relative to the conventional diet (p < 0.05). Reduction in feed consumption could be attributed to the full-fat nature of the seed meal used which might have imparted extra-caloric effect in the test diets and slowed digestion and absorption as the analyzed nutrients content of diets. A higher ether extract value on Moringa based diets relative to the control diet was obtained. Phytochemical composition of Moringa namely phenols including tannins, saponins, phytate, cyanogenic glucoside, glucosinolates and other numerous chemical constituents affected the body weight of the chicks negatively with increasing dietary MOSM. Decrease in weight gain following increase in dietary seed meal could also be due to decrease in feed intake as a result of the bitter taste of alkaloids, saponins, acting in concert with the other Moringa phytotoxins in test diets. Survival rate (100%) was not affected indicating that the level of highest inclusion in this study (7.50%) was not fatal to the experimental animal models. Further research is progressing to ascertain the highest inclusion level possible to elicit fatality and attempts to detoxify or treat the seed meal before feeding to animals.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSIONS OF PALM OIL AND SHEABUTTER FAT ON GROWTH AND SEXUAL MATURITY OF PULLETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
A. A. ODUNSI ◽  
A. J. GBADAMOSI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Cost Weight ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Vegetable Fat

A lesser known vegetable fat, sheabutter fat (SBF) was compared with palm oil (PO) as a dietary ingredient during the rearing phase of pullets. Black Harco grower- pullets (12 weeks old) were assigned to diets in which PO and SBF each quantitatively replaces maize at 2.5 and 5.0% and a fifth diet containing 2.5% each of both PO and SBF. At the 20th week, they were fed a common layer diet until sexual maturity was attained on all treatments. Results at the growing phase did not reveal any significant effects (P>0.05) on feed intake, weight gain, feed/gain and feed cost/weight gain. Sexual maturity was attained by 148, 149, 151, 155 and 158 days for pullets fed 5% Palm Oil, 2.5% SBF, 2.5% PO, 5% SBF and 2.5% SBF/PO diets respectively. PO and SBF at the levels studied were equally tolerated and could replace maize with no adverse effects or growth response. However, a delay in time of lay occurred when both oils were mixed in the diet.

Performance of broiler chickens fed graded dietary inclusion levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed cake

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
M. Afolayan ◽  
M. M. Iliya ◽  
G. S. Bawa ◽  
L. Alayande
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The progressive increase in the cost and scarcity of conventional feedstuffs, especially energy and protein sources has resulted into a continuous effort in researching into the possible utilization of the under - exploited wild legumes in poultry feed formulation. Several Researchers had reported on the utilization of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in poultry diets whereas; few reports exist on the utilization of Moringa seed. Therefore, this study wasconducted to evaluate the effect of graded dietary levels of moringa seed cake (MSC) on the performance of broiler chickens. A total of 195, one day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments of moringa seed cake, each treatment having three replicates in a completely randomized design. MSC was included at levels of 0, 5,10, 15 and 20% respectively. Feed and water were given ad- libitum. Proximate composition ofMSC showed that it is high in energy, crude protein and ether extract with3304. 39 ME kcals/ kg, 32.49 % and 17.70%, respectively. Birds fed 5% MSC diet were better than the birds on the other levels of MSC diets in terms of growth and carcass characteristics. The results obtained from growth study revealed a significant declined in, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio as the inclusion levels of MSC increased beyond 5% in thediets. The birds on control diet had the best result in terms of final weight , daily weight gain and daily feed intake of 2974g/bird, 52.4g/bird / day and 107.51g/bird/ day respectively followed by those fed diet containing 5% MSC with 2183.4g/bird, 38.24/bird /day and 95.66g/bird /day respectively. whereas, the birds fed 20% MSC had the least (P>0.05) final weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake of 560 g/bird, 9.26g/bird /day and 33.51g/bird/day respectively. Carcass characteristics followed similar trend as the growth parameters. Hematological indices showed significant differences across the dietary treatments, however, the results were within the normal range except for the white blood cell. It can therefore be, concluded that the inclusion of MSC in broiler chicken diet should not exceed 5% for optimum growth and general performance. 

scholarly journals 172 Feed intake level and ambient temperature affect the body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
A Morales Trejo ◽  
D Antoine ◽  
A Valle-Fimbres ◽  
H Bernal Barragán ◽  
L Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intake Level

A note on the use of brewers' dried grains as a protein feedstuff for cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Öster ◽  
S. Thomke ◽  
H. Gyllang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SUMMARYYoung, uncastrated male cattle (initial weight 80 kg, final weight 240 kg) were used to evaluate brewers' dried grains as a protein source (17 or 36% of the concentrate mixture), in comparison with soyabean oil meal (6% of the concentrate mixture). There were no significant effects on feed intake or average daily live-weight gain. The killing-out percentages for the three treatments were 49·2; 48·6 and 46·9 respectively (P < 0·001). There was a lower fat deposition (P < 0·01) in animals receiving the higher level of brewers' dried grains, and the degree of rumen parakeratosis was less (P < 0·001) with the diets containing grains.

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