scholarly journals Sheep and goat farming in Imo state Southeast Nigeria: A traditional vocation at the verge of extinction?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
N. J. Anyanwu, ◽  
J. O. Ogualu ◽  
V. U. Odoemelam, ◽  
G. A. Kalio, ◽  
I. I. Ekpe
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Imo State ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Goat Farming

Since prehistoric times, sheep and goat farming has been an integral part of the farming system of the people of South east Nigeria. This study investigated the current state of sheep and goat farming amongst households in Imo State south eastern Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) structured questionnaires were distributed to farmers randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Imo state namely, Oru West, Ahiazu Mbaise and Ezinihitte Mbaise to determine the socio-economic characteristics, production systems, breeding and reproduction, constraints and strategies for economic improvement in a focus group interview. Only 89 farmers were available for interview. The results revealed significant decline in sheep and goat farming amongst the households across four generations within the households interviewed. Lack of interest due to poor policy framework, low productivity of existing breeds, difficulty in feed supply and high cost of breeding stock was identified as constraints of sheep and goat production in thiese areas. It was also observed that older people were more directly involved in sheep and goat farming than youths. 59.6% of the farmers were females, and 31-50% of the farmers were between the ages of 31 and 50 years. Farming was the most common occupation amongst the households while trading was the next. Results also showed that 76.4% of the communities had history of sheep and goat keeping whereas 73% of the total families interviewed had a history of sheep and goat keeping. It was also observed that 33.7% of households were involved in poultry enterprise and 25.3% involved in fish farming. Only 4.8% engaged in sheep and goat farming. Results obtained also revealed that 48.3% of the identified sheep and goat farmers kept breeds of sheep and goat from northern Nigeria while 40.4% maintained the west African dwarf breed. 34% of respondents believed that access to grants and credit facilities, 25 % believed provision of land in urban areas, while 21% believed improvement in small ruminant feed technology, would improve production. Lambing and kidding was mostly twice a year (48.3%). Breeding was mostly observed to be uncontrolled (51.7%). Also, the results showed that, 59.6% of the farmers were willing to pay for veterinary services. The most important diseases within these areas were worms, ecto-parasites and peste des petits ruminants (PPR). It can be inferred from the study that farmers within the region appear to pay greater emphasis on poultry production and fish farming to the detriment of smallholder sheep and goat farming which could be attributed to poor knowledge of sheep and goat farming technologies resulting to low productivity.

scholarly journals Characterization of goat production systems in five states of northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areano Ethério Moreira de Farias ◽  
José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽  
Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ◽  
Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro ◽  
Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Goat Farming

Goat farming is a very important activity contributing to the social and economic development of northeastern (NE) Brazil. The objective of the present study was to characterize the goat farming production system in five of the nine states that constitute the Brazilian NE (Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe). Research was carried out in 230 rural properties located in 62 municipalities of the NE of Brazil, in regions exhibiting a productive arrangement and significant goat population density. An epidemiological questionnaire seeking information on economic, productive, and social aspects of owners/properties was supplied to all properties. The results described the goat farming system in the Brazilian NE as family and subsistence, directed towards domestic consumption and local commerce, and exhibiting a low technological level. The farmers' education level, investments, and technical assistance were all considered low, and thus insufficient or inadequate for a full development of the activity in the region. Therefore, such aspects are suggested to be taken into account in the planning of future goat farming development policies—particularly financing and technical assistance, better preparation of farmers, administrative aspects, forage production and conservation, and the implementation of actions towards reproductive and frequent disease control.

scholarly journals Characterisation of smallholders’ goat production systems in the Fatick area, Senegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fafa Sow ◽  
Younouss Camara ◽  
El Hadji Traore ◽  
Jean-François Cabaraux ◽  
Ayao Missohou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Goat Farming

AbstractSenegal, like the other Sahelian countries, remains an important livestock area, particularly for ruminants, with almost 36% of its livestock population was goat in 2016. The national herd increased from 2010 to 2016, from 3.32 to 3.54 million head of cattle, 5.6 to 6.68 million sheep and 4.8 to 5.7 million goats, i.e. annual growth rates of 1.1%, 3.2% and 3.13% respectively. Thus, due to diversification of local agricultural resources and the strengthening of goat breeding techniques in the Fatick area, a programme aiming to develop the local goat sector was set up in 2010. The programme focused on improving animal husbandry, providing new added values to goat products and structuring the goat sector. This study’s aim is to better understand goat rearing systems in the area, in order to propose, together with the herders, ways of improving these systems, taking into account family and socio-cultural considerations. To better evaluate the diversity in different production systems, a survey of animal rearing practices was carried out. The survey involved 45 farmers in four localities. It revealed that the farmers were all agro-pastoralists practising a mixed farming system. The majority (93%) supplemented their animals with agricultural by-products, agro-forestry and kitchen leftovers. A multiple correspondence analysis identified three groups: cluster 1 (milk producers and processors into traditional curdled milk, selling animals for household needs), cluster 2 (milk processors into yoghurt and cheese) and cluster 3 (goat vendors in pastoral and the agro-pastoral system).The study of the objectives and contexts of goat farming in the Fatick will enable policy-makers to design strategies for the sustainable development of family goat farming in the area.

Cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Ian B. Howie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
The Many

Matching production to the markets for meat makes the assumption that individual producers can have an influence on market forces. This may well apply nowadays to some of the very large scale poultry production units but, individually, beef producers can have little if any influence on the marketing scene. Although there are farmers who produce several hundred fat cattle a year, the bulk of the beef produced comes from fairly small scale producers. Much of beef production is on a fairly haphazard basis with little or no recording or budgeting.Nevertheless, small scale producers and feeders who move in and out of the market can exploit local or short-term, favourable, market fluctuations and, with skilful buying and selling, make good profits on a quick turnover. Larger scale producers who have pre-planned fully integrated production systems cannot react as quickly to any great extent to short-term marketing opportunities. I regard marketing as only one of the many variable factors to be taken into account when planning a beef enterprise within a whole farming system, in which it is likely to be one of a number of enterprises which have to be kept in balance.

scholarly journals Changing risk of environmental Campylobacter exposure with emerging poultry production systems in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. BRENA ◽  
Y. MEKONNEN ◽  
J. M. BETTRIDGE ◽  
N. J. WILLIAMS ◽  
P. WIGLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Production

SUMMARYCampylobacter is a leading cause of diarrhoea, and its presence in chickens is a significant risk for zoonotic infection. Poultry production is becoming increasingly intensive in Ethiopia and is incorporating more high-producing breeds into traditionally managed smallholdings, especially in peri-urban areas. This cross-sectional study sampled 219 household environments in one peri-urban and two rural areas of Ethiopia, and an additional 20 semi-intensive farms in the peri-urban district. Campylobacter was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-specific assays in 44 samples; 16 of which could be identified as C. jejuni. Flocks in the peri-urban area were at significantly greater odds of detection, including those which only kept indigenous birds under a scavenging system. It was also noted that scavenging flocks of exotic high-production birds (Rhode Island Red) were at slightly greater risk, perhaps as exotic birds are under more stress when kept under traditional management systems. We suggest that changes to the system of chicken production may alter the ecology and epidemiology of Campylobacter in the environment, chickens and people, which may drive emergence of new epidemiological patterns of disease. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which the current management intensification and the distribution programmes of exotic and/or improved indigenous birds may alter Campylobacter epidemiology, ecology and public health risk, before their widespread adoption.

scholarly journals Characterization and typology of goat production systems in Algeria based on producers survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadjet Amina Ouchene-Khelifi ◽  
Nassim Ouchene ◽  
Mohamed Lafri
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Goat Farming

Abstract Background Goats, often associated with sheep, are a vital part of the national economy in many countries around the world, and goat farming contributes significantly to the family economy, sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction. In order to study the goat farming system in Algeria, this study, which started between September 2012 and June 2015, involved 141 farms in 104 villages and 21 wilayas in Algeria. Results The results showed that 99.29% of the goats producers were male, most of which (74.47%) were not the owners of the animals. Goat farming represents a main activity for only 18.44% of the farmers surveyed. They are generally found in small numbers often associated with a large sheep herd (78.72%). Of the 141 farms visited, 50.35% use a sedentary farming system, 17.71% practice seasonal transhumance during the dry season (May to October), and 31.91% are semi-sedentary. However, it is worth noting that females (85.82%) are often more numerous than males (14.18%) in the herd. The farm that generally constitutes the shelter is reduced in most cases to a simple pen, without a roof, inside which the animals are enclosed and whose space is delimited by a metal or wooden fence. Hygiene is in the majority of cases poor (57.45%). Most of the farms (78.01%) do not contain goats of the same breed, and crossbreeding is generally not controlled (78.72%) and is very rarely done with bucks of the same breed (14.89%). Most breeders (92.20%) largely neglect the health of their goats compared to sheep. Conclusion Finally, the Algerian goat seems to be largely neglected and considered as a secondary species associated with sheep. For this reason, it is mandatory to give more importance to this species. The Algerian government must carry out activities related to the conservation and improvement of breeding systems through the development of breeding programs and ensure the sustainable management of ecosystems used for food production.

scholarly journals Cadangan Karbon pada �Kabun� di Kabupaten Katingan Kalimantan Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Nanang Hanafi ◽  
Ise Afitah ◽  
Jariah Jariah
Keyword(s):  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

Kabun is a traditional farming system commonly practiced by people in Katingan District, Central Kalimantan. Land management carried out by the people of Katingan District since long ago using shifting cultivation. This farming system is an agroforestry system. The existence of "kabun" is expected as one of the mitigations of climate change, by maintaining the vegetation in the "kabun." The purpose of this study is to predict carbon storage of "kabun" as well as the history of management in the Buntut Bali Village, Pulau Malan subdistrict, Katingan District, Central Kalimantan. This research was carried out destructively for understorey and litter, and nondestructive for tree biomass and woody necromasses were carried out in 3 observation plots. In the observation plot 1 was obtained carbon stocks of 88.915 tons/ha, the presence of tree biomass contributed to carbon reserves of 81.263 tons/ha; plot of observations of the 2 carbon stocks obtained was 66,928 tons / ha, the most significant contribution of carbon stocks came from tree biomass 61,209 tons/ha; The plot of observations of the 3 carbon stocks was obtained at 72,375 tons/ha, and the biomass contribution of trees was 65,643 tons / ha.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Pig and Poultry Industry Stakeholders in Guandong Province, China, to Animal Welfare and Farming Systems

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sinclair ◽  
Wang Yan ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Safe Food

Although the People’s Republic of China produces more animals for consumption than any other country, very little is known about the attitudes of stakeholders in the livestock industries to animal welfare in farming systems. This study investigated the attitudes of stakeholders in pig and poultry farming in south China towards animal welfare in different farming systems, pig and poultry behaviour, and the inherent value of the animals themselves. Respondents thought welfare was important, particularly if they had worked in the industry a long time, and that they intended to make improvements, even though they also believed it to be generally satisfactory. Outdoor systems were perceived to be better for welfare but indoor systems better for food safety, particularly among respondents that had gained their knowledge from multiple sources. Respondents believed pigs and chickens to have equally important needs, despite the fact that pigs were considered more intelligent than chickens. Pig farmers with outdoor systems had a more positive attitude to making welfare improvements compared with those operating intensive indoor systems. However an absence of enrichment in chicken farms increased respondents’ intentions to make improvements, and these were more likely to occur on small chicken farms. Veterinarians and government officials were more likely to perceive welfare as unsatisfactory or to want change it than those working directly with animals. City residents were more likely to support and express confidence that they could improve animal welfare, compared to rural residents. It is concluded that stakeholders in China’s pig and poultry production industries recognised a need to improve welfare, although they saw a conflict with production of safe food. However, farmers involved in intensive production systems were less likely to perceive a need or capacity to improve welfare than those operating more extensive systems, suggesting a dichotomisation of the people in the industry into those in small and outdoor farms that could and were improving welfare and those in indoor intensive farms who did not envisage this happening.

scholarly journals Impasse entre o Processo de Urbanização no Brasil e a População em Situação de Rua: uma Análise Crítica

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nilsen Aparecida Vieira Marcondes ◽  
Edna Maria Querido de Oliveira Chamon ◽  
Maria Aparecida Campos Diniz de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Entendendo que a maioria da população em situação de rua se aglomera nos núcleos urbanos, o foco da análise será o processo histórico de formação das cidades no contexto do sistema capitalista. Inicialmente, parte-se dos estudos sobre a história da instituição, consolidação e desenvolvimento das cidades em geral e, após, sobre as cidades brasileiras. Sabe-se que o desenvolvimento das cidades brasileiras no contexto do sistema capitalista gerou exclusões, por isso o impasse que se estabelece entre o processo de urbanização no Brasil e a população em situação de rua merece destaque. Objetiva-se com este estudo teórico refletir sobre o processo histórico de formação das cidades em geral e, após, sobre as cidades brasileiras, considerando a presença da população em situação de rua. Em se tratando da metodologia, este estudo se apresenta quanto à forma de abordagem como qualitativo, do ponto de vista de seus objetivos, como exploratório e com relação aos procedimentos técnicos, caracteriza-se como bibliográfico, pois se considerou o levantamento de literatura pertinente ao assunto. Conclui-se que, não obstante os desafios impostos pelo sistema capitalista à construção de espaços urbanos socialmente justos, tal realidade não inviabiliza a construção por parte de profissionais, membros da sociedade civil e acadêmica, que acreditam ser possível edificar um processo de urbanização que aproxime um pouco mais as cidades de suas funções sociais. Palavras-chave: Urbanização. População em situação de rua. Sistema Capitalista. AbstractUnderstanding that most people on the streets cluster in urban areas, the analysis’ focus will be the cities history development in the contexto of the capitalist system. Initially, studies on the history of the institution, consolidation and the cities development in general and, next about Brazilian cities. It is known that the Brazilian cities development in the context of the capitalist system generates exclusions, thusthe stalementthat is established between the urbanization process in Brasil and the people on the streets is noteworthy. It is aimed with this theoretical study to reflect on the history of the cities development in general and, thenabout Brazilian cities considering the people’s presence on the streets. When it comes to the methodology, this study is regarding the approach asqualitative, from the goals’ point of view as exploratory and regarding the technical procedures, it is characterized as bibliographic, because the relevant literature was considered concerning the subject. It is concluded therefore that, despite of challenges imposed bythe capitalist system to the professionals’ construction, members from the civil and academic society, who believe to be possible to build a urbanization process which approximates the cities a little more to their social functions. Keywords: Urbanization. Population in streets situation. Capitalist System.

scholarly journals Extensive Rearing Systems in Poultry Production: The Right Chicken for the Right Farming System. A Review of Twenty Years of Scientific Research in Perugia University, Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Alessandro Dal Bosco ◽  
Simona Mattioli ◽  
Alice Cartoni Mancinelli ◽  
Elisa Cotozzolo ◽  
Cesare Castellini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
The Right

The demand for poultry meat, being cheaper than red meat, will drive worldwide production of this product. Accordingly, an increase in production up to 16% is expected in 2025, most of which will occur in developing countries. Most poultry meat production is realized with intensive production systems, and extensive rearing systems (ERS) of poultry (organic, free-range, and low-input) represent only a small portion of poultry production in the EU (about 5%). However, there is an increasing interest in such rearing systems to maintain the good image of product and environmental sustainability, improved animal welfare, and meat quality with an annual trend of growth of about 10%. The aims of this work were to summarize the activities and the viewpoint of the researchers of the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Science of the University of Perugia (Italy). One of the most important goals of the research unit was the challenge of identifying the best poultry genotypes for ERS, which are important not only for the food industry but also for the improvement of human nutrition. Only the definition of the best genotypes adapted to ERS through the measurement of a wide panel of traits—genetic, physiologic, and behavior—and not only relying on daily weight gain will allow us to achieve this goal.

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