scholarly journals Climate change and youth unemployment challenges in Nigeria: The poultry production option

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
E. U. Ahiwe ◽  
H. O. Obikaonu ◽  
O. E. Kadurumba ◽  
T. C. Iwuji ◽  
O. O. Emenalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Increasing Demand

This paper discusses climate change and poultry production as their interaction impacts on unemployment in Nigeria. Climate change and animal production have always had a negative impact on each other, with animal production accounting for about 15-18% global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in form of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) which are emitted when animals respire. On the other hand, the effect of climate change and global warming on animal production is on the increase and will continue to increase with the high rate of man's industrial activity if not checked. In Nigeria, there is an increasing demand for animal protein and the unemployment rate is increasing yearly because of high increase in population. In order to meet up with this increase in demand for food and reduce youth unemployment in an environment with less climate change challenge, more youth involvement in Agriculture is needed. But, this agricultural revolution will have great challenge on the environment because of the high rate of climate change that goes with industrialization and agriculture. Because poultry have low global warming potential, it has an edge over other animals or livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goat. This is because poultry has low GHGs emission as a result of its low enteric methane production rates compared to ruminant animal species. Apart from poultry being cheap, it is nutritious and readily marketable. In addition, it can be a nice source of investment and income generation for Nigerian youths, if harnessed properly. It is therefore, concluded and recommended that to meet up with the ever-increasing demand for jobs in an environment having less climate change challenges, various government agencies, banks, private sectors, civil society, rural co-operative societies, youth agencies in Nigeria with the assistance of various international donor agencies can collaborate and play a more facilitating role through giving of loans, grants and adequate extension services to ensure that food security and youth empowerment is achieved within an eco-friendly environment through profitable poultry production.     Cet article discute du changement climatique et de la production de volaille comme leurs effets d'interaction sur le chômage au Nigéria. Le changement climatique et la production animale ont toujours eu un impact négatif l'un sur l'autre, la production animale représentant environ 15 à 18% des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre (GES) anthropiques sous forme de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), d'oxyde nitreux (N2O) et de méthane (CH4) qui sont émis lorsque les animaux respirent. En revanche, l'effet du changement climatique et du réchauffement planétaire sur la production animale est en augmentation et continuera d'augmenter avec le taux élevé de l'activité industrielle de l'homme s'il n'est pas maîtrisé. Au Nigéria, il y a une demande croissante de protéines animales et le taux de chômage augmente chaque année en raison de la forte augmentation de la population. Afin de répondre à cette augmentation de la demande alimentaire et de réduire le chômage des jeunes dans un environnement où les défis du changement climatique sont moins importants, une plus grande implication des jeunes dans l'agriculture est nécessaire. Mais, cette révolution agricole aura un grand défi sur l'environnement en raison du taux élevé de changement climatique qui accompagne l'industrialisation et l'agriculture. Parce que la volaille a un faible potentiel de réchauffement planétaire, elle a un avantage sur les autres animaux ou le bétail comme les bovins, les moutons et les chèvres. En effet, la volaille a de faibles émissions de GES en raison de ses faibles taux de production de méthane entérique par rapport aux espèces animales ruminantes. En plus d'être bon marché, la volaille est nutritive et facilement commercialisable. En outre, il peut être une belle source d'investissement et de génération de revenus pour les jeunes Nigérians, s'il est correctement exploité. Il est donc conclu et recommandé que pour répondre à la demande toujours croissante d'emplois dans un environnement ayant moins de défis liés au changement climatique, diverses agences gouvernementales, banques, secteurs privés, société civile, sociétés coopératives rurales, agences de jeunesse au Nigéria avec l'aide de divers organismes donateurs internationaux peuvent collaborer et jouer un rôle plus facilitateur en accordant des prêts, des subventions et des services de vulgarisation adéquats pour garantir la sécurité alimentaire et l'autonomisation des jeunes dans un environnement respectueux de l'environnement grâce à une production avicole rentable.

scholarly journals Climate change and its impact on livestock: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
A. A. Saka ◽  
O. O. Awodola-Peters ◽  
T. A. Olaniyi ◽  
O. Y. Adedeji ◽  
M. O. Bolarinwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Stress Thermique ◽  
The Impact

As the demand for livestock products is on the increase due to improved standard of living, the fear of its negative effect of climate is also on the increase. The impact of climate change on livestock production was reviewed in this study. Livestock through contributes to the emissions which in turn has negative impact on livestock production. Humans, animals and mixed farming, produce emissions which contribute so much to the change in climate. Heat stress associated with climate change has an enormous effect on poultry production as it affects chicken growth and productivity as poultry meat and eggs play an important food security role across Africa and world at large. Understanding how farmers deal with the realities of poultry production due to climate change is critical. In pig production the influence of climate change may differ slightly depending on the breed types and locality but common problems are lack of water, pests and diseases, death of the animal at extreme heat stress and possible alteration in grazing behavior which will lead ultimately to decrease in feed intake and feed digestibility and efficiency of feed utilization which can be seen in terms of growth, pork yield and milk production. Ruminants which are the primary producers of methane (CH4) has many factors influencing these emissions such as level of feed intake, type of carbohydrate in the diet and feed processing. Manipulation of these factors can reduce methane emissions from cattle.     La demande de produits de bétail étant en agrandissement en raison de l'amélioration du niveau de vie, la crainte de son effet négatif sur le climat est également en augmentation. L'impact du changement climatique sur la production animale a été examiné dans cette étude. L'élevage contribue aux émissions qui à leur tour ont un impact négatif sur la production animale. Les humains, les animaux et l'agriculture mixte, produisent des émissions qui contribuent beaucoup au changement climatique. Le stress thermique associé au changement climatique a un effet énorme sur la production de volaille car il affecte la croissance et la productivité des poulets, car la viande et les œufs de volaille jouent un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique et dans le monde en général. Il est essentiel de comprendre comment les agriculteurs gèrent les réalités de la production de volaille en raison du changement climatique. Dans la production porcine, l'influence du changement climatique peut différer légèrement selon le type de race et la localité, mais les problèmes courants sont le manque d'eau, les ravageurs et les maladies, la mort de l'animal en cas de stress thermique extrême et une éventuelle modification du comportement de pâturage qui entraînera finalement une diminution dans l'ingestion et la digestibilité des aliments et l'efficacité de l'utilisation des aliments qui peuvent être vus en termes de croissance, de rendement de porc et de production de lait. Les ruminants qui sont les principaux producteurs de méthane (CH4) ont de nombreux facteurs influençant ces émissions tels que le niveau de consommation alimentaire, le type de glucides dans l'alimentation et la transformation des aliments. La manipulation de ces facteurs peut réduire les émissions de méthane des bovins.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on livestock productivity: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
I. I. Madziga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Stress Thermique ◽  
Temperature Radiation ◽  
Livestock Productivity

Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather such as temperature,  radiation, and wind and rainfall characteristics of a particular region. Sustainability in  livestock production system is largely affected by climate change. A disproportion between  metabolic high temperature production inside the animal body and its dissipation to the  surroundings results to heat stress under high air temperature and humid climates. The  foremost reaction of animals under thermal weather is an increase in respiration rate, rectal  temperature and heart rate. The anticipated rise in temperature due to climate change is  likely to aggravate the heat stress in livestock, adversely affecting their productive and  reproductive performance and even death in extreme cases. The predicted negative impact of  climate change on agriculture would also adversely affect livestock production by  aggravating the feed and fodder shortages. The paper mainly reviews the impacts of climate  change on livestock productive performance.  Le changement climatique est un changement à long terme dans les statistiques  météorologiques telles que la température, le rayonnement et les caractéristiques du vent et  des précipitations d'une région particulière. La durabilité du système de production de bétail  est largement affectée par le changement climatique. Une disproportion entre la production  métabolique à haute température à l'intérieur du corps de l'animal et sa dissipation dans  l'environnement entraîne un stress thermique sous des températures élevées de l'air et des  climats humides. La réaction la plus importante des animaux sous temps thermique est une  augmentation de la fréquence respiratoire, de la température rectale et de la fréquence  cardiaque. L'augmentation prévue de la température due au changement climatique est  susceptible d'aggraver le stress thermique du bétail, affectant négativement ses  performances productives et reproductives et même la mort dans les cas extrêmes. L'impact  négatif prévu du changement climatique sur l'agriculture aurait également un effet négatif  sur la production animale en aggravant les pénuries d'aliments et de fourrage. Le document  passe principalement en revue les impacts du changement climatique sur les performances  de production de bétail. 

Effect of Global Warming on Food Security

2022 ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Arti Yadav ◽  
Badar Alam Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Agricultural Yields ◽  
The Impact

This chapter will aim to explicate the challenges posed by global warming or the climate change conditions on food security especially from the point of view of India. The negative impact of global warming has been seen, especially in developing economies, on the agricultural yields leading towards food insecurity. The four pillars of food security (i.e., availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability) are having an impact on climate change. The present study will begin by highlighting the concept of global warming. It will further provide an overview of the Indian food security system followed by the impact of global warming on the food security level in India. The study will also highlight the global warming and food security scenario in the present situation of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in India.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock and mitigation options in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-342
Author(s):  
M. A Adeyemi ◽  
E. O. Akinfala
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Changement Climatique

Greenhouse gases are becoming devastating on agriculture and environment because of its effect on climate and global warming. The aim of this review is to provide update on livestock greenhouse gases emission and rekindle available mitigation strategies. Recently, global warming and climate change have become one of the most discussed issues globally because of their negative effect on ecosystem worldwide. The livestock sub-sector as a major source of greenhouse gas emission, has been identified to contribute substantially to the recent rise in global warming and climate change. Livestock, most importantly ruminants plays a major role in the emission of methane, one of the potent greenhouse gases. This methane is usually released through enteric fermentation in animals and manure management system, though the latter account for smaller quantity. Estimate of methane emission inventory from livestock in Nigeria showed that 96.15 % of methane produced by livestock was by ruminants with cattle alone accounting for 74.06 %. With this background, strategies to date for reducing methane emissions should centre on ruminant. Efforts to reduce methane emissions from enteric fermentation generally focus on options for improving production efficiency. This has been demonstrated with intensive animal production systems. However, in Nigeria, this system has been successful only for non-ruminants while the extensive and semi extensive systems are being practiced for ruminants. In view of this, options for reducing emissions must be selected to be consistent with country-specific circumstances. Those circumstances should include animal management practices (including cultural traditions), nutrition and economic development priorities.     Les gaz à effet de serre deviennent dévastateurs de l'agriculture et de l'environnement en raison de son effet sur le climat et le réchauffement de la planète. L'objectif de cet examen est de fournir une mise à jour sur les stratégies d'atténuation disponibles des gaz à effet de serre de bétail. Récemment, le réchauffement climatique et le changement climatique sont devenus l'une des questions les plus discutées à l'échelle mondiale en raison de leur effet négatif sur l'écosystème mondial. Le sous-secteur de l'élevage en tant que source majeure d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre, a été identifié pour contribuer de manière substantielle à la hausse récente du réchauffement de la planète et du changement climatique. Le bétail, plus important encore, les ruminants jouent un rôle majeur dans l'émission de méthane, l'un des gaz à effet de serre puissants. Ce méthane est généralement libéré par la fermentation entérique chez les animaux et le système de gestion de fumier, bien que ces derniers représentent une plus petite quantité. L'estimation des stocks d'émissions de méthane provenant du bétail au Nigéria a montré que 96,15% de méthane produites par le bétail étaient par des ruminants avec des bovins à eux-mêmes représentant 74,06%. Avec ce contexte, des stratégies à ce jour pour réduire les émissions de méthane doivent être centrées sur le ruminant. Les efforts visant à réduire les émissions de méthane de la fermentation entérique se concentrent généralement sur les options d'amélioration de l'efficacité de la production. Cela a été démontré avec des systèmes de production d'animaux intensifs. Cependant, au Nigéria, ce système n'a abouti que pour les non-ruminants tandis que les systèmes étendus et semi-étendus sont pratiqués pour les ruminants. Compte tenu de cela, les options de réduction des émissions doivent être sélectionnées pour être cohérentes avec des circonstances spécifiques à chaque pays. Ces circonstances devraient inclure des pratiques de gestion des animaux (y compris des traditions culturelles), des priorités de nutrition et de développement économique

scholarly journals GLOBAL WARMING – PHYSICS AND GEOPOLITICS (Review). 4. Climate service in energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
B.I. Basok ◽  
Ye.T. Baseyev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Climate Service

Introduction. Reducing the negative impact of global warming on the economy and adapting to its devastating effects remains an important global challenge. Its solution is actively taken care of by politicians, the world's leading scientific organizations and the expert community. Problems. Economic, innovative and social approaches and measures to reduce and / or neutralize climate change, as well as adaptation to warming are considered. A new direction has been formed - climate service of world energy. Goal. Assess the state of the problem, present measures and tools for their implementation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and / or adapt to their negative impact, in particular, in the field of energy using the GFCS approaches. Materials and methods. Authoritative recent literature sources with analysis of approaches, measures and tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been used. Results. The experience on development and use of innovative technologies of climatic service in power on the basis of GFCS is resulted. Conclusions. Undoubtedly, the physics and geopolitics of global warming have become one of the most pressing transdisciplinary problems in the realities of the modern world. It is necessary to develop and deepen the scientific basis for the adaptation of life and economy to possible climate change and its consequences. It is important to change the behavior of society in an adequate attitude to the comfortable living conditions, in particular to its energy supply, and in general to a careful attitude to world resources, for example, on the basis of consistent implementation of the principles of sustainable development

The Negative Impact of ICT Waste on Environment and Health

2011 ◽  
pp. 1330-1343
Author(s):  
Walied Askarzai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Global warming and climate change are growing issues of concern for businesses, governments and individuals. This is so because business activities in particular, based around the philosophies of ‘profit maximization’, play a crucial role in the harming of the environment. Therefore, achieving a sustainable future is also a responsibility of businesses. Furthermore, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and its components are directly responsible for production of significant amount of electronic waste and Green House Gases (GHGs). This chapter will examine and analyze the negative impact of ICTs waste on environment and health. The chapter will also discuss how ICTs can be used as a tool to mitigate climate change and assist businesses reach a sustainable green goal.

The Negative Impact of ICT Waste on Environment and Health

2011 ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walied Askarzai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Global warming and climate change are growing issues of concern for businesses, governments and individuals. This is so because business activities in particular, based around the philosophies of ‘profit maximization’, play a crucial role in the harming of the environment. Therefore, achieving a sustainable future is also a responsibility of businesses. Furthermore, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and its components are directly responsible for production of significant amount of electronic waste and Green House Gases (GHGs). This chapter will examine and analyze the negative impact of ICTs waste on environment and health. The chapter will also discuss how ICTs can be used as a tool to mitigate climate change and assist businesses reach a sustainable green goal.

scholarly journals Earlier migration timing of salmonids: an adaptation to climate change or maladaptation to the fishery?

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Morita
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Harvest Rate ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Migration Timing

Recent studies reporting shifts in the timing of salmonid migrations have suggested global warming to be a cause. However, the specific mechanisms underlining the evolution of earlier migration timing in salmonid fishes are unknown. In this paper, I present a hypothesis by which fishery-induced selection works to advance the timing of salmonid migration, given that the timings of migration and breeding are genetically controlled heritable traits. Although late-spawning salmon brood lines enter rivers after early-spawning brood lines, there is evidence that all brood lines arrive in coastal fishing grounds at similar times. As such, late-spawning brood lines would be fished for longer periods of time, with their increased harvest rate imposing directional selection on earlier-spawning brood lines. Thus, fisheries-induced evolution could favor the earlier timing of river entry to escape coastal fisheries. Should earlier migration timing not be an adaptation to global warming — should it be a maladaptation to fisheries-induced selection instead — then it will have a negative impact on the sustainability of salmonid resources.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on Aquatic Ecosystem and Production of Fisheries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satarupa Ghosh ◽  
Snigdha Chatterjee ◽  
Ghora Shiva Prasad ◽  
Prasanna Pal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Common People ◽  
Marine System ◽  
The Common

The exploitation of nature for decades due to several anthropogenic activities has changed the climatic conditions worldwide. The environment has been polluted with an increase of greenhouse gases. The major consequences are global warming, cyclone, an increase in sea level, etc. It has a clear negative impact on the natural environment including aquatic ones. As a result, production of fish in the aquaculture system and marine system is greatly affected. Marine ecosystems like coral reefs are also destroyed. Decreased fish production has also affected the livelihood and economic condition of the fish farmers. So, corrective measures should be taken to reduce the climate changes for minimizing its effects on fish production. Using more eco-friendly substances, planting more trees, and preserving our nature are some steps to be taken. Awareness should also be generated among the common people.

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