FEATURES OF THE USE OF COMPARATIVE METHODS IN TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE «COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY»

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
G.D. Rahimova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
The Social

The article examines the features of the discipline of comparative sociology. In the process of mastering the discipline, first of all, the author expresses the opinion that the discipline is taught with a deep understanding of its features. In many fields of science, especially in the natural, social and human sciences, special attention is paid to the specifics of the comparative method, which is first used in research. In particular, the author will try to reveal the features of the application of J.S. Mill’s method of gauche induction in sociology. The author emphasizes that before embarking on a research, a research scientist must first analyze what and how to analyze a given problem. The author points out that comparative research in the social sciences is much more difficult. A researcher of social problems must pay attention to the volatility of society, which means that the object of research also changes. Mill’s research methods are consistent with experiments in experimental sciences. It’s application in sociological sciences leads to some difficulties in work. Because society is always changing, and with it the way of life. The fact social change is also reflected in social progress is likely to mean the instability of the research subject.

Natural Law and Mechanical Engineering

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. C. Haarhoff
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
The Social

The first technological revolution, in the fourth millennium BC, was followed by immense social progress. The second revolution, which is now taking place, could lead to an even greater development in the human sciences, by setting men free from their daily struggle for existence while simultaneously exacting high social standards. Natural law - the “marriage between the ways of heaven and the ways of earth” of the Chinese - represents a route to such progress. In natural science and technology, natural law demands that conclusions be based on observation rather than speculation. The social sciences would do well to follow this example.

Comparative Area Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Köllner ◽  
Rudra Sil ◽  
Ariel I. Ahram
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Social ◽  
Small N ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
Science Disciplines

Two convictions lie at the heart of this volume. First, area studies scholarship remains indispensable for the social sciences, both as a means to expand our fount of observations and as a source of theoretical ideas. Second, this scholarship risks becoming marginalized without more efforts to demonstrate its broader relevance and utility. Comparative Area Studies (CAS) is one such effort, seeking to balance attention to regional and local contextual attributes with use of the comparative method in search of portable causal links and mechanisms. CAS engages scholarly discourse in relevant area studies communities while employing concepts intelligible to social science disciplines. In practice, CAS encourages a distinctive style of small-N analysis, cross-regional contextualized comparison. As the contributions to this volume show, this approach does not subsume or replace area studies scholarship but creates new pathways to “middle range” theoretical arguments of interest to both area studies and the social sciences.

Practicing Narrative Inquiry II

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-328
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Bochner ◽  
Andrew F. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Small Story ◽  
The Life Course

Narrative inquiry provides an opportunity to humanize the human sciences, placing people, meaning, and personal identity at the center of research, inviting the development of reflexive, relational, dialogic, and interpretive methodologies, and drawing attention to the need to focus not only on the actual but also on the possible and the good. In this chapter, we focus on the intellectual, existential, empirical, and pragmatic development of the turn toward narrative. We trace the rise of narrative inquiry as it evolved in the aftermath of the crisis of representation in the social sciences. The chapter synthesizes the changing methodological orientations of qualitative researchers associated with narrative inquiry as well as their ethical commitments. In the second half of the chapter, our focus shifts to the divergent standpoints of small-story and big-story researchers; the differences between narrative analysis and narratives under analysis; and narrative practices that seek to help people form better relationships, overcome oppressive canonical identities, amplify or reclaim moral agency, and cope better with contingencies and difficulties experienced over the life course. We anticipate that narrative inquiry will continue to situate itself within an intermediate zone between art and science, healing and research, self and others, subjectivity and objectivity, and theories and stories.

IN PURSUIT OF SOCIAL PROGRESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Matthew Adler ◽  
Marc Fleurbaey
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
New York ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
University Professors ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
International Panel ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

In 2014, the New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof wrote: ‘Some of the smartest thinkers on problems at home and around the world are university professors, but most of them just don't matter in today's great debates … I write this in sorrow, for I considered an academic career and deeply admire the wisdom found on university campuses. So, professors, don't cloister yourselves like medieval monks – we need you!’ At that time, a group of academics were working to launch the International Panel on Social Progress, with the aim of preparing a report analysing the current prospects for improving our societies.1 It gathered about 300 researchers from more than 40 countries and from all disciplines of the social sciences, law and philosophy.

Ways and dynamics of reception of Ludwik Fleck’s work in the social sciences

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-210
Author(s):  
Dimitri Ginev
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Cognitive Sociology ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thought Styles

The problem of how to access and estimate the proliferation of receptions of Ludwik Fleck’s work in domains as diverse as social geography, history of clinical medicine, and cognitive sociology has long remained vexing. The approach suggested in this paper combines the hermeneutics of effective-historical reception with a version of epistemic reconstruction of intellectual history. Special emphasis is placed upon the forms of political contextualization of Fleck’s comparative sociology of thought styles. The author argues that the heterogeneity of receptions is essentially informed by the specificity of the ‘implicit reader’ Fleck assigned to his work. Interestingly enough, it is a ‘reader’ congruent with the post-metaphysical turns in the social sciences. This claim is defended by analyzing particular trajectories of reception of Fleck’s work.

scholarly journals Natural Sciences and Social Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
C.S.A (Kris) van Koppen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nature And Society

Klintman, Mikael. 2017. Human Sciences and Human Interests: Integrating the Social, Economic, and Evolutionary Sciences. London: Routledge.Jetzkowitz, Jens. 2019. Co-evolution of Nature and Society: Foundations for Interdisciplinary Sustainability Studies. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Main Trends of Research in the Social and Human Sciences, Part One: Social Sciences.

Social Forces ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Sally Cook Lopreato ◽  
Unesco
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Social

Epidemiology and the Scientific Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

This article refutes the claim that the field of epidemiology and community health would benefit from the application of the scientific method. It is argued that the methods of physics are not appropriate for other disciplines. When applied to the social sciences, positivism is a conservatizing force, causing theory to become based on a mere description of social phenomenon. Since it cannot lead to a deep understanding of social phenomena, positivism is incapable of revealing ways in which society could be radically changed. Moreover, such theory is far from neutral. Rather, it is formed and influenced by the forms of life experienced and practiced in the society. This is illustrated by an analysis of the origin of modern physics at the time when society was changing from a feudal to capitalist form of organization. It is concluded that advances will be made in epidemiology and community health when this field breaks from its focus on the individual and incorporates class into its analysis. However, given the interconnection between social structure and social theory, resistance to such a radical change can be expected.

Remaking Power and Politics

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Shola Orloff
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Foundational Work ◽  
Conceptual Work

I contend that we should remake conceptions of power and politics, taking off from the project of remaking “modernity.” Here, I perform a similar move for “power and politics,” core concepts for history and the human sciences, building on the foundational work of the 1970s and 1980s and bringing in key elements of institutionalist and culturalist critiques. The theories of the early days of social science history were usually materialist, and the character of state policies and political structures was understood to reflect the “balance of class forces,” interests to flow from class position, and power to work in a juridical vein, as “power over.” By the 1980s these common understandings were widely criticized. There were new emphases on the multiplicity of identities and structures of inequality, new questions about the adequacy of materialist accounts of politics. Dissatisfactions were also stimulated by “real-world” developments. However, we see a parting of the ways when it came to addressing these new political conditions and analytic challenges. Moves to “bring the state and other political institutions back in” have been focused on politics, while the scholars taking the various cultural turns have focused on power. The conceptualizations of power and politics have been sundered along with the scholarly communities deploying them. I address both communities and argue for new ways of understanding power and politics emerging from renewed encounters between institutionalist and culturalist analyses. Such encounters and the conceptual work that they will produce can help us reforge a productive alliance between history and the social sciences.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF RISALAT AND ITS HISTORICAL, POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ROLE

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Farrukh Kushbayev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ideological Influence

The main goal of the article is to give a clearer picture of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his activities to spread the idea of monotheism based on the verses of the Koran. In particular, by objectively illuminating the historical essence of the formation of medieval Arab society during the period of rising, to prevent the emergence of misconceptions about Islam and its prophet in the minds of the modern young generation. The article first explains the lexical meaning of the term “risolat (mission)”, and then analyzes the ideological influence of this concept as a historical process on the political life of the Arab peoples and peoples of the world. In particular, dictionaries reveal the comparative meaning and relevance of this word, as well as its use in the Quran, the main source of Islam. In academic and traditional translations and interpretations of the meanings of the Koran into other languages, in particular Uzbek, Russian and Eng., the word “messenger” is also explained on the basis of individual comparisons - using the method of comparative analysis. At the same time, the radical changes that took place in the social and cultural life of people as a result of the mission that took place in medieval Arab society were analyzed based on a comparative method using historical facts and verses from the Koran. The article also emphasizes the need to rely on an objective approach to research in the study of the history and culture of Islam. Also, the article lists the author’s research on this topic, carried out during his scientific research. At the same time, it explains in detail with the help of examples of how the verses sent at the beginning of Islam influenced the way of life of people. It also reveals the scientific and analytical study of a separate historical period of Islam - the period of the life of the Prophet. In the final part of the article, a conclusion is made about the importance of the primary sources and the scientific heritage of our scientists in the study and coverage of historical facts.

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