scholarly journals Biotherapic T. cruzi 17DH when continuously used clinically improves mice infected with T. cruzi.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Érika Cristina Ferreira Cristina Ferreira Ferreira ◽  
Caroline Felicio Braga ◽  
Carina Ribeiro Lopes ◽  
Gislaine Janaina Sanchez Falkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
Ad Libitum

Introduction: In Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the pathogenesis is the result of a rupture in the host - parasite relationship [1]. This rupture is related to the imbalance of the vital force of the host, expressed through signs and symptoms, defined by Hahnemann (1995)[2] as being the source of the disease. There is no research in the literature about the clinical evolution of mice experimentally infected with T. cruzi and treated in different ways using biotherapic. Therefore, this is an area to be studied in the future. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different ways of treatment using biotherapic T. cruzi 17 DH on clinical evolution of mice experimentally infected with T. cruzi. Materials and methods: A blind randomized controlled trial was performed, using 30 swiss male mice, aged 28 days, divided into groups according to the treatment: CONTROL - animals treated with 7% water-alcohol solution diluted in water given ad libitum in an amber bottle; GAVAGE – animals treated with medication highly diluted T. cruzi 17 DH from 4th to 9th day of infection by gavage; WATER -animals treated with highly diluted T. cruzi 17 DH in water ad libitum offered in an amber bottle until the end of the study period. The groups were infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi, intraperitoneal, 1400 blood trypomastigotes. The medicine was handled according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [3] with microbiological test according to RDC n° 67 and in vivo biological risk. Parasitemic curve was determined by daily counting of the parasites [4]. Were measured temperature, weight, intake of water and feed, the ruffle fur and survival of mice. Statistical analysis was performed using the tests Fisher Exact and Log-Rank, with a significance of 5%. The experiment was approved under the protocol n° 030/2008 - Ethics in Animal Experimentation of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Results: The mice under different treatment ways using biotherapic T. cruzi 17DH showed differences in the clinical evolution. The treatment using biotherapic diluted in water initially shows hypothermia, with subsequent recovery of normal temperature (p=0.05) (Fig1). The weight curve shows a better evolution in mice treated with water compared to control groups (p=0.055) and the groups treated by gavage (p=0.0064). Feed and water intake did not differ among the groups. While the mice that were treated with biotherapic diluted in water showed a slight level of ruffled fur, the mice in control groups and the ones treated by gavage showed a more intense level of ruffled fur (p=0.00001). The difference in the evolution of mortality among the groups was significant (p=0.034), while in the group treated with biotherapic diluted with water, the mortality rate started later, reaching the maximum of 90%. This group showed a better clinical result, expressed by the smaller extent of ruffled fur, a better evolution of the temperature curve and higher gain of weight. This is an important result because the Y strain of T. cruzi has a mortality rate of 100% in mice, showing once again the good performance of biotherapic in this model of infection. Conclusion: The use of biotherapic T. cruzi 17DH for a long period causes clinical improvement of the infected mice with Trypanosoma cruzi. The clinical use of these results in human beings should consider the allometric medicine dosage which takes into account the metabolic rate of each organism.

scholarly journals Higher frequency of administration of biotherapic T. cruzi 17DH decreases parasitemia and increases survival in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Erika Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Caroline Felicio Braga ◽  
Camila Fernanda Brustolin ◽  
Mônica Lúcia Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Medication Dosage ◽  
Group Survival ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Introduction: The study of the effect of different ways of treatment using highly diluted substances is rare in the literature. Some authors consider the dose irrelevant, justifying that the action of the medication highly diluted is qualitative [1-3]. Others emphasize the importance of quantity and frequency of administration of the highly diluted substance for a successful treatment [4,5]. The model of murine infection by T. cruzi is widely studied and it is an excellent tool to study the effect of highly diluted substances. Aim: To evaluate, in vivo, the effect of different amounts and frequency of administration of the biotherapic 17 dH T. cruzi in the evolution of the parasitemia curve and survival of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Materials and methods: A blind randomised controlled trial was performed, using 30 swiss male mice, aged 28 days, divided into groups according to treatment: CONTROL - mice treated with 7% water-alcohol solution diluted in water given ad libitum in an amber bottle; GAVAGE – mice treated with medication highly diluted 17 DH T. cruzi from 4 th to 9 th day of infection by gavage; WATER - mice treated with highly diluted medication 17 DH T. cruzi in water ad libitum offered in an amber bottle until the end of the study period. The groups were infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi, intraperitoneal, 1400 blood trypomastigotes. The medicines was handled according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [6] with microbiological test according to RDC n°. 67 and in vivo biological risk. Parasitemic curve was determined by daily counting of the parasites [7], the total parasitemia, peak parasites and survival. Data were compared using the BioEstat 5.0, ANOVA, with significance of 5%. The experiment was approved under the protocol n° 030/2008 - Ethics in Animal Experimentation of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Results: Animals treated with the medication highly diluted in water had lower level of total parasitemia and a lower peak of parasites compared to animals treated by gavage, or control group of infection (p = 0.0103 p = 0.0008). In the group treated by gavage both the total parasitemia and the peak of parasites were higher than the control group. Survival was greater in animals treated with biotherapic diluted with water (p = 0.0003) and by gavage (p = 0.0016) when compared with the control group. Among the different ways of treatment the use of medication diluted in water increased the survival of animals (p = 0.0013). The treatment by gavage once a day until the 9th day of infection increase the parasitemia and survival. The medication diluted in water showed better results with significant reduction of parasitemia and an increase of survival. This result may be related to the frequency with which the medication diluted in water was ingested by each animal, and the lower stress that this form of administration provides the animals. Figure 1: Parasitemic curve of animals infected with Y strain of T. cruzi and treated with medication highly diluted 17DH T. cruzi. CONTROL: mice treated with alcohol 7%; GAVAGE: treated with medication highly diluted 17DH T. cruzi by gavage; WATER: treated with medication highly diluted 17dH T. cruzi in water. Conclusion: There is a difference in the effect of the medication highly diluted depending on the way of treatment used. For mice, the use of drug diluted in water offered frequently, results in better benefits. The clinical use of these results in humans, should consider the allometric system medication dosage which takes into account the metabolic rate of each organism.

scholarly journals Biotherapic of Trypanosoma cruzi 17d increases apoptosis in experimentally infected mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Patrícia Flora Sandri ◽  
Gislaine Janaina Sanchez Falkowski ◽  
Luzmarina Hernandes ◽  
Márcia Machado de Oliveira Dalálio ◽  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Number Of Cells

Introduction: the mechanism of action of ultradiluted medicines has not yet been established[1,3]. Many basic research studies have focused on isopathic models using in vitro or in vivo designs [4,5]. Recent studies indicate that an ultradiluted (isopathic) antigen can transfer signals to the immune system and modulate its response when an organism is challenged against this same antigen [6]. Some studies on experimental infection of mice by T. cruzi identified apoptotic cells and showed that the increase of their number is associated with an increase also in the number of parasites in the blood of the infected animals, while blockage of apoptosis can be the target of therapeutic intervention [7,8]. Aim: to evaluate the development of apoptosis in mice treated with biotherapic of Trypanosoma cruzi in dilution 17d through in situ detection of fragmented DNA. Method: in a blind randomized controlled trial, 36 male Swiss mice age 4 or 8 weeks were distributed in groups control - treated with 7% hydroalcoholic solution(CI-4=9 animals or CI-8=9 animals); and treated with biotherapic 17d (BIOT-4=9 animals or BIOT-8=9 animals). Infection was performed with 1,400 trypomastigotes T. cruzi-strain Y via intraperitoneal. Biotherapic 17d was prepared through the addition of 0.9ml of concentrated T. cruzi (10E+7 trypomastigotes/ml) to 9.1 ml of distilled water. The following dilutions were prepared in 86% hydroalcoholic solution until dilution 16d. Dilution 17d was prepared with 7% hydroalcoholic solution. It was performed microbiological control and biological risk in vivo. Treatment: 0.2 ml in 3 consecutive days, oral route, from the moment infection was verified. Animals were sacrificed on the 3rd day of treatment in a chamber saturated with ether. The liver and spleen were removed and fixated in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours and then included in paraffin. Apoptosis was evaluated through DNA fragmentation – TUNEL technique (TdT dUTP-biotin Nick End Labeling (ApopTag® Peroxidade-Chemicon). For statistical analysis software Statistica 8.0 was used. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of UEM. Results and Discussion: in the samples of liver of animals age 4 and 8 weeks either treated or not with biotherapic 17d it was found cells parasitized by amastigotes of T. cruzi with apoptotic bodies, or phagocytic cells with phagocytic vacuole with apoptotic marked material inside them. The number of cells in apoptosis in animals age 4 weeks was not significantly (p=0.03) larger in treated group BIOT-C4 than in control group CI-4 (Figure 1). In animals age 8 weeks, the number of cells in apoptosis was significantly (p

scholarly journals Influence of age and ways of treatment in the parasitemia in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi treated with high potency biotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Paula Fernanda Massini ◽  
Caroline Felicio Braga ◽  
Neide Martins Moreira ◽  
Camila Fernanda Brustolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Old Mice

Introduction: The infection of mice by Trypanosoma cruzi is well known, making this a good model for understanding the effect of highly diluted medications. Mice of different ages show different responses to biotherapic T. cruzi [1]. Other data from our laboratory using biotherapic treatment at low potencies show that long lasting treatment has a better effect in mice infected with T. cruzi. However, the use of high potency biotherapics in mice of different ages infected with T. cruzi has not been analysed yet. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different ways of treatment using biotherapic 200 DH T. cruzi in the evolution of the curve of parasitemia of mice of different ages infected with T. cruzi. Materials and methods: A blind randomized controlled trial was performed using 107 swiss male mice, aged 28, 35 and 56 days, divided into groups: CONTROL(C) – mice aged 28(C28), 38(C38) and 56(C56) days, treated with 7% water-alcohol solution diluted with water (1mL/100mL); ONE DAY(OD) – mice aged 28(OD28), 38(OD38) and 56(OD56) days, treated with highly diluted medication 200 DH T. cruzi in a single dose, diluted in water (10mL/100mL); EVERY DAY(ED) – mice aged 28(ED28), 38(ED38) and 56(ED56) days, treated with highly diluted medication 200DH T.cruzi until the end of the experiment, diluted in water(1mL/100mL). Amber bottle was used and the water was changed every two days. The groups were infected with strain Y-T. cruzi, intraperitoneal,1400 blood trypomastigotes. Medicines were handled according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [2], with microbiological testing according to RDC n° 67 and in vivo biological risk. We compared the parasitemia curve and total parasitemia, determined daily counting of the parasites [3], obtained using the tests Kruskal-Wallis and Wald-Wolfowitz, Statistica 8.0, 5% significance. Approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation/ UEM - 030/2008. Results: The animal age and the ways of treatment used influenced the evolution of the parasitemia curve. This evolution was different among different ages, and the youngest mice of the control group had higher averages of parasitemia ( C28=1.4x106/mL; C38= 1.3 x106/mL and C56=1.0x106/mL ) (fig1). This evolution was not observed in the groups treated daily, in which 56 day-old mice presented a higher parasitemia compared to the other groups ( ED28= 1.3x106/mL; ED38=0.9x106/mL and ED56=1.2x106/mL )(fig1b). For animals treated with a single dose, the energetic stimulus provided by biotherapic caused homogeneity of biological behavior, with significant elevation of parasitemia ( OD28=1.8x106/mL; OD38=1.3x106/mL and OD56=1.5 x106/mL) (fig1c). Likewise, the single dose treatment invariably resulted in an increase of parasitemia when compared to other treatments within the same age group (fig1d-f). The treatment performed daily in animals aged 28 and 38 days showed a decrease in parasitemia (fig1d-f). For 56 day-old mice this fall was not observed (fig1f). The meaning of this finding should be better explored considering the physiological maturity versus the vital energy of mice of different ages. Conclusion: The age and the ways of treatment used are important factors to be considered when using a highly diluted medication. The clinical use of these results in humans, should take into consideration the allometric system of medication dosage which takes into account the metabolic rate of each organism.

Activity of the sesquiterpene lactone goyazensolide against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Marques Milagre ◽  
Renata Tupinambá Branquinho ◽  
Maira Fonseca Gonçalves ◽  
GMP de Assis ◽  
Maykon Tavares de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactone ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackground:The current drugs for Chagas disease treatment present several limitationsMethods:The sesquiterpene lactone goyazensolide (GZL) was evaluated regarding to cytotoxicity and trypanocidal activity against amastigotes, selectivity index (SI) in vitro, acute toxicity and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity in vivo.Results:The in vitro cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells was observed at doses >250 ng mL−1 of GZL and the SI were of 52.82 and 4.85 (24 h) and of 915.00 and 41.00 (48 h) for GZL and BZ, respectively. Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity were not verified. Treatment with GZL of mice infected with CL strain led to a significant decrease of parasitaemia and total survival at doses of 1 and 3 mg kg−1 day−1 by oral and IV, respectively. This last group cured 12.5% of the animals (negativation of HC, PCR, qPCR and ELISA). Animals infected with Y strain showed significant decrease of parasitaemia and higher negativation in all parasitological tests in comparison to BZ and control groups, but were ELISA reactive, as well as the BZ group, but mice treated with 5.0 mg kg−1 day−1 by oral were negative in parasitological tests and survived.Conclusion:GZL was more active against T. cruzi than benznidazole in vitro and presented important therapeutic activity in vivo in both T. cruzi strains.

In vivo selection of a population of Trypanosoma cruzi and clones resistant to benznidazole

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. F. MURTA ◽  
A. J. ROMANHA
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Parasitaemia Level ◽  
Selection Of

A benznidazole-resistant population of Trypanosoma cruzi, Y strain, was selected after 25 successive passages (8 months) in mice treated with a single high drug dose. Initially, the resistant parasites produced a low parasitaemia level and low mortality rate in infected mice. Thereafter, the parasitaemia level and mortality rate increased to the same value obtained for mice infected with the wild-type strain. Long-term treatment with benznidazole (100 mg/kg/day) cured 71–80% of mice infected with the wild-type strain. No cure was observed in mice infected with the selected resistant parasite population. Treatment with 500 mg/kg of benznidazole at peak parasitaemia cleared all blood parasites from mice infected with wild-type parasites. No effect on parasitaemia level was observed in mice infected with the selected parasites. Benznidazole-resistant parasites showed cross-resistance to different drugs. Contrary to wild type, all clones analysed from the resistant T. cruzi population were resistant to benznidazole. Without drug pressure the resistance phenotype of clones was far more stable than that presented by the resistant population. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the in vivo selection of a population and clones of T. cruzi resistant to benznidazole, and makes available an experimental model for the study of mechanisms of drug resistance in T. cruzi.

scholarly journals Zincum metallicum 5cH increases survival and improves clinical mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 111-113
Author(s):  
Larissa Ciupa ◽  
Franciele Karina Da Veiga ◽  
Angela Rigo Portocarrero ◽  
Patricia Flora Sandri ◽  
Fabiana Nabarro Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Object Of Study

The Multicenter International Project suggests Zincum Mettalicum high diluted as object of study in different experimental models. Aim: evaluate the effect of substance high diluted Zincum metallicum in murine experimental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Metodology: was performed a blind, controlled, randomized, using 60 swiss male mice, 56 days old, divided into groups: CNI - uninfected and untreated animals; CI - infected and untreated animals; infected and treated animals: ZN5cHTA - Zinc 5ch and LAC5cHTA - Lactose 5ch , 48 hours before and after infection, subsequently were treated 56/56 hours until 9th day of infection; ZN5cHTTD - Zinc 5Ch and LAC5cHTTD - Lactose 5cH, everyday from the 4th of infection. Animals were inoculated with 1.400 blood trypomastigotes, strain Y-T. cruzi, intraperitoneally. Medicines were handled, prepared in grain alcohol 70%, and dynamized up to 100 times until 4cH. To obtain the 5cH it was used bi-distilled sterilized water filtered in membrane - 0.22 µm [1], on separate days (first Lactose and then Zinc) and stored in different rooms. Microbiological test in vivo and toxicity were made in accordance with current legislation [2].Test solutions were diluted in water at a concentration of 10% (1mL/100mL) after dilution in water. Clinical (temperature, weight, water/foodintake and excreta)[3] and parasitological parameters (pre-patent and patent period, peak parasitemia, and parasitemia overall survival time)[4] were assessed daily. Data were compared BioEstat 5.0, significance level of 5%. Project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use in Experimentation of the Universidade Estadual de Maringa by opinion number 025/2014. Results: ZN5cHTA group had a higher survival rate than their control LAC5cHTA (p=0.004). ZN5cHTA shows 55.7% probability of surviving to the 15th day after infection, while LAC5cHTA 29.4%. ZN5cHTA also provides significantly better performance (p= 0.0206) compared to CI, contrary to what occurs with LAC5cHTA x CI (p=0.7410). There is no significant difference in survival between the different treatments schemes TA and TTD, either with ZN5cH (p=0.0754) or LAC5cHTA (p=0.9480), although the best ZN5cHTA present trend toward benefit. Considering parasitological parameters ZN5cHTA group had higher pre-patent period (PPP) meaning benefit to infected animals [5]. Although ZN5cHTA shows greater number of parasites from 6th to 11th day of infection and right shift of parasitemia peak in relation to LAC5cHTA (p=0.020), this group displayed a better performance compared to the other groups as observed in other models [6]. Conclusion: ZN5cHTA group had higher survival, greater pre-patent period and better clinical outcome compared to control LAC5cHTA and to other groups. This result may be related to higher total parasitemia and alterations in the parasite cycle time observed in this group. These findings suggest aggravation with posterior benefit as reported in some cases of homeopathic treatment.

scholarly journals Biotherapic of Trypanosoma cruzi 17x controlled histopathological alterations in mice infected by this protozoon

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Patrícia Flora Sandri ◽  
Gislaine Janaina Sanchez Falkowski ◽  
Anélio Dias Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Miguel Spack ◽  
Neide Martins Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: about 10 million people worldwide suffer from Chagas’ disease [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has explicitly acknowledged the significance of this condition and supports the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by health systems integrated with conventional treatments. Even so, one century after its discovery it still represents a global challenge [1,2]. Biotherapics are ultradiluted medicines and the infection of mice by Trypanosoma cruzi is an excellent model to understand their effect [3,4]. At 8 weeks, mice are physiologically more developed than at age 4 weeks, including a more competent immune system [5]. Aim: the aim of this study was to assess the effect of biotherapic of T. cruzi in dilution 17x on liver and spleen tissue of mice of different ages infected by this protozoon. Method: in a blind, randomized controlled trial 12 male Swiss mice aged 4 and 8 weeks, infected by 1,400 blood trypomastigotes T. cruzi Y strain were divided into groups control – treated with 7% hydroalcoholic solution (CI-4=3 animals or CI-8=3 animals) and treated with biotherapic 17x (BIOT-4=3 animals or BIOT-8=8 animals). Treatment (0.2 ml biotherapic/day/animal, per gavage) started after infection was verified (4th day) and animals were sacrificed on the 3rd day of treatment. For histopathological exam, the liver and spleen were removed and fixated in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours and then processed for inclusion in paraffin. Semi-serial 7mm cuts were made and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin stain. It was performed a quantitative analysis of the number of nests of amastigotes and inflammatory foci in the liver. Slides were observed under microscope Olympus BX41 (Tokyo, Japan) and images captured with camera Qcolor3 (Olympus) coupled to the microscope. In the spleen it was counted the number of nests of amastigotes and the number of foreign-body giant cells. In each organ, 20 microscopic fields/cut were counted under power 40x totaling 120 fields/animal with microscope Olympus CBA (Tokyo, Japan). To analyze data it was used software Statistica 8.0. For data not exhibiting normal distribution it was used Kruskal-Wallis’ test at 5% significance and ANOVA for the ones with normal distribution. Chi-square test was used to compare percentages. Biotherapic 17d was prepared by adding 0.9 ml of blood with T. cruzi (10E+7 trypomastigotes/ml) to 9.1 ml of distilled water in laminar flow. Following dilutions were prepared in 86% hydroalcoholic solutions up to 16x. Dilution 17x was prepared with 7% hydroalcoholic solution [6]. It was performed microbiological control and in vivo biological risk of the biotherapic. Results showed a number of colony forming units proper for use (>1CFU/ml). Intraperitoenal inoculation of the biotherapic did not cause infection in animals. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation/UEM protocol 030/2008. Results and Discussion: in the liver, animals of group BIOT-8 exhibited less nests of amastigotes (p

Unusual dimeric flavonoids from Arrabidaea brachypoda with very significant in vitro and in vivo anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Quitino-da-Rocha ◽  
E Ferreira-Queiroz ◽  
C Santana-Meira ◽  
DR Magalhães-Moreira ◽  
M Botelho-Pereira-Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi

A randomized controlled trial comparing autologous radiolabeled in vivo platelet (PLT) recoveries and survivals of 7-day-stored PLT-rich plasma and buffy coat PLTs from the same subjects

Transfusion ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Dumont ◽  
Deborah F. Dumont ◽  
Zoe M. Unger ◽  
Alan Siegel ◽  
Zbigniew M. Szczepiorkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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