Background mechanisms of UHD working

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Igor Jerman ◽  
Vesna Pericek Krapez
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Extended Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Validation ◽  
Great Step ◽  
Working Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

Background In spite of strong opposition from the orthodox scientific circles, the UHD effects are gradually becoming a part of the accepted science, because of the quickly growing corpus of UHD effects evidence. While this process should continue, the next great step would be to disentangle UHD working mechanisms with the perspective to give us understanding and explanation of its rational, causal-consequential and objective background. Aims Based on the already known and confirmed UHD phenomena as well as some more developed proposed theories that try to explain them, the aim of the presentation is to explore, which of the theories could be the most appropriate for the development of the UHD science. It should lead to the one that would be acceptable by a majority of the concerned scientific community (physicists, physical-chemists, biologists, medical doctors, etc.). Methodology We contrast the established facts of UHD science with the most developed theories to find out, which theory could cover the phenomena in the most comprehensive way. The applied theories are as follows: the basic and the extended theory of coherent domains (Preparata – Giudice – Yinnon), hydrogen bonded clusters theory (Chaplin), nanomaterial theories (Rajendran, Chikramane), the theory of chains of water nano-pearls (Meessen). Results and discussion The results show that the advanced theory of coherent domains (Yinnon) together with the theory of chains of water nano-pearls (Meessen) are the most promising. They connect the basic UHD background mechanisms to the electromagnetic and electric fields and are supported with advanced and recent physicochemical research. Nevertheless, the theories are still in the stage of principal explanation and are mostly not yet capable of giving exact predictions. Therefore, the theory that would predict phenomena and would initiate a virtuous circle of scientific validation of UHD effects is still needed. Conclusion The most developed contemporary theories cover a plethora of UHD phenomena. However, they may still have some deficiencies regarding the explanation of the whole richness of the UHD phenomena.

scholarly journals Electron Symmetry Breaking during Attosecond Charge Migration Induced by Laser Pulses: Point Group Analyses for Quantum Dynamics

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Dietrich Haase ◽  
Gunter Hermann ◽  
Jörn Manz ◽  
Vincent Pohl ◽  
Jean Christophe Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Charge Migration ◽  
Laser Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Superposition States

Quantum simulations of the electron dynamics of oriented benzene and Mg-porphyrin driven by short (<10 fs) laser pulses yield electron symmetry breaking during attosecond charge migration. Nuclear motions are negligible on this time domain, i.e., the point group symmetries G = D6h and D4h of the nuclear scaffolds are conserved. At the same time, the symmetries of the one-electron densities are broken, however, to specific subgroups of G for the excited superposition states. These subgroups depend on the polarization and on the electric fields of the laser pulses. They can be determined either by inspection of the symmetry elements of the one-electron density which represents charge migration after the laser pulse, or by a new and more efficient group-theoretical approach. The results agree perfectly with each other. They suggest laser control of symmetry breaking. The choice of the target subgroup is restricted, however, by a new theorem, i.e., it must contain the symmetry group of the time-dependent electronic Hamiltonian of the oriented molecule interacting with the laser pulse(s). This theorem can also be applied to confirm or to falsify complementary suggestions of electron symmetry breaking by laser pulses.

Paraelektrische Resonanz und dielektrische Dispersion von Wasser in Beryll-Einkristallen / Paraelectric Resonance and Dielectric Dispersion of Water in Beryl Single Crystals

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1558-1571
Author(s):  
H.-J. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Resonance Effect ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Tunnel Effect ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Zero Field Splitting ◽  
A Value ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Electric Dipoles ◽  
The One

Paraelectric resonance spectra of beryl crystals are observed in the X-band region between 5 and 20 kV/cm under the condition that the external electric field F[101̅0]. Additional dielectric measurements show, that the paraelectric centres are the monomeric water molecules in the beryl cavities. For water dipoles in beryl only two orientations of the molecular a-axis relative to the crystal C6-axis are possible, and only those with their a-axis parallel to the C6-axis contribute to the paraelectric resonance effect. The electric moment vector µ of these latter molecules may rotate in the (0001)-crystal plane, i. e. around their own a-axis, and has a value of (1.9 ± 0.2) D. A theoretical description of paraelectric resonance is presented for a simplified model: the electric dipoles have 6 equivalent equilibrium positions along the [101̅0]-directions, tunnel effect and external electric fields remove the site degeneracy and we observe a molecular Stark splitting. We calculate a value of (2.0 ± 0.4) GHz for the zero-field splitting in the one-parameter Hamiltonian model.

Scenarios as Tools of the Scientific Imagination: The Case of Climate Projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Michael Poznic ◽  
Rafaela Hillerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Imagination

Climatologists have recently introduced a distinction between projections as scenario-based model results on the one hand and predictions on the other hand. The interpretation and usage of both terms is, however, not univocal. It is stated that the ambiguities of the interpretations may cause problems in the communication of climate science within the scientific community and to the public realm. This paper suggests an account of scenarios as props in games of make-belive. With this account, we explain the difference between projections that should be make-believed and other model results that should be believed.

Efficient reversible quantum design of sig-magnitude to two's complement converters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9&10) ◽  
pp. 747-765
Author(s):  
F. Orts ◽  
G. Ortega ◽  
E.M. E.M. Garzon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Binary Number ◽  
Quantum Cost ◽  
The One

Despite the great interest that the scientific community has in quantum computing, the scarcity and high cost of resources prevent to advance in this field. Specifically, qubits are very expensive to build, causing the few available quantum computers are tremendously limited in their number of qubits and delaying their progress. This work presents new reversible circuits that optimize the necessary resources for the conversion of a sign binary number into two's complement of N digits. The benefits of our work are two: on the one hand, the proposed two's complement converters are fault tolerant circuits and also are more efficient in terms of resources (essentially, quantum cost, number of qubits, and T-count) than the described in the literature. On the other hand, valuable information about available converters and, what is more, quantum adders, is summarized in tables for interested researchers. The converters have been measured using robust metrics and have been compared with the state-of-the-art circuits. The code to build them in a real quantum computer is given.

scholarly journals CONVENTIONAL AND CONSENSUAL CONCEPTIONS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE NATURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Лебедев ◽  
Сергей Николаевич Коськов
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Pure Experience ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
The One ◽  
Methodology Of Science

В статье излагается содержание двух базовых концепций неклассической философии и методологии науки: конвенционалистской и консенсуалистской теории природы научного знания и научной истины. Каждая из них является альтернативой двум основным парадигмам классической философии и методологии науки: эмпиризму (позитивизму) и рационализму. С точки зрения конвенционализма научное знание не есть ни описание чистого опыта, ни его обобщение. Но оно не является также и результатом некой априорной интуиции и чистого разума. Согласно конвенционализму научное знание - это система доказательной информации, исходные принципы которой имеют характер условных, конвенциональных истин. Отсюда следует, что любая истина в науке не категорична, а условна и имеет форму «если, то». Консенсуалистская концепция природы научного знания возникла в философии науки второй половины XX в. Она была, с одной стороны, обобщением конвенционализма, а с другой - его отрицанием. Если в конвенционализме основным субъектом научного познания является отдельный ученый, то в консенсуалистской эпистемологии таким субъектом является социальный субъект - научное сообщество. Научное познание имеет принципиально коллективный характер как в плане его получения в силу разделения научного труда, так и в плане его легитимации и оценки. Последние операции всегда являются результатом консенсуса научного сообщества. The article examines the content of two basic conceptions of non-classical philosophy and methodology of science: the conventionalist and consensual theory of the nature of scientific knowledge. Each of them is an alternative to the two main paradigms of classical philosophy and the methodology of science: empiricism (positivism) and rationalism. From the point of view of conventionalism, scientific knowledge is neither a description of pure experience nor a generalization of it. But it is also not the result of some a priori intuition and pure reason. According to conventionalism, scientific knowledge is a system of evidence-based information, the initial principles of which have the character of conditional, conventional truths. It follows that any truth in science is not categorical, but conditional and has the form «if, then». The consensual concept of the nature of scientific knowledge emerged in the philosophy of science of the second half of the twentieth century. It was, on the one hand, a generalization of conventionalism; on the other, a negation of it. If in conventionalism the main subject of scientific knowledge is an individual scientist, then in consensual epistemology such a subject is a social subject - the scientific community. Scientific knowledge has a fundamentally collective character, both in terms of its acquisition by virtue of the division of scientific work, and in terms of its legitimization and evaluation. The latest operations are always the result of a consensus of the scientific community.

Customizing Soil-Water Expertise for Different Users

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wagenet ◽  
J. Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
Soil Surveys

Our lives depend upon and determine the fluxes of water and chemicals in the environment. Atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial systems are all characterized by transfer processes that make our lives possible. Some of these processes deliver the air, water, and nutrients that we need to produce food and fiber. Other transfer processes relocate our wastes as environmental contaminants that must be properly managed. As society grows in absolute numbers, so, too, must our concern for maintaining the balance between the wise use of our natural resources in a sustainable manner on the one hand, and the misuse of these resources through short-sightedness and mismanagement on the other hand. Utilization of our resources must be accompanied by protection of them, and knowledge of the role that transfer processes play in this balancing act is important. Management for the long term means that wise decisions in the short term are based on two key issues. First, there is a crucial need to further understand how natural processes, particularly transfer processes, operate. Without this knowledge base, we are unable to formulate logical and lasting solutions to environmental problems. While soil scientists have always focused on tabulating land characteristics in the form of soil surveys, there now is the need to translate these static characterizations into dynamic land qualities, such as soil transfer processes. As important, but less appreciated, is the fact that scientists are becoming increasingly accountable to our clients, the public, for approaches to solve problems that are important to society. This is particularly true for those scientists knowledgeable in transfer processes, for the obvious reasons of public focus on environmental management and pollution prevention. The decisions regarding the impact of our science will be debated, enacted, and enforced outside the scientific community. As we now realize, this means we must consider solutions to environmental problems that are endorsed not only by the scientific community, but also by the public citizenry and regulatory bodies. Many soil and water scientists are experts on transfer processes in the unsaturated zone of the soil.

The Auroral Substorm

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Kennel
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Development ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Space Resolution ◽  
Auroral Activity ◽  
Auroral Substorm ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Cosmic Noise

Around the time the steady convection model was being developed, Akasofu (1964) was arranging ground-based magnetometer and all-sky camera observations of the complex time dependence of nightside auroral activity into the central phenomenological conception of tune-dependent magnetospheric physics—the auroral substorm. In this chapter, we assemble a description of a substorm from modern observations. We will see that observations of electric fields, auroral X rays, cosmic noise absorption, ionospheric density, and geomagnetic micropulsations have also been successfully ordered by the substorm paradigm. At the same time, it will become clear that each individual substorm has its own irreducible individuality, and that our summary description is really a list of effects that anyone thinking about substorms ought to consider. No real substorm will look exactly like the one described here. Spacecraft observations of auroral light, precipitation, currents, and fields from polar orbit have held out high promise for unified understanding of the development of the auroral substorm around the entire oval. Without truly global auroral observations, it would be difficult to establish decisive contact with observations of large-scale convection and the associated changes in magnetospheric configuration. Despite the high promise and the many other successes of spacecraft observations of the aurora, synthetic understanding of the time development of the auroral substorm at all local times, dayside and nightside, evening and dawn, has been slow in emerging, perhaps because a stringent combination of field of view, sensitivity, space and time resolution, and multispectral capability is required. One needs images of the whole oval with sufficient space resolution to identify important arc structures (50-100 km or better) in a temporal sequence that can articulate the evolution of activity on better than the 10-minute time scale on which polar cap convection develops. Only recently has it been possible to observe auroral activity at all local tunes around the auroral oval simultaneously and follow its time development from the beginning of the growth phase until well into the expansion phase. This amplification of the original paradigm is the subject of Sections 12.2 and 12.3.

scholarly journals A hydrogen-bonded assembly of cucurbit[6]uril and [MoO2Cl2(H2O)2] with catalytic efficacy for the one-pot conversion of olefins to alkoxy products

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (30) ◽  
pp. 11508-11519
Author(s):  
Lucie S. Nogueira ◽  
Margarida M. Antunes ◽  
Ana C. Gomes ◽  
Luís Cunha-Silva ◽  
Martyn Pillinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Function ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Catalytic Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

A supramolecular cucurbit[6]uril/MoVI hydrogen-bonded assembly displays dual-function (oxidation/acid) catalytic behavior for the one-pot conversion of olefins to alkoxy products.

Requirement Specification and Conceptual Modeling for Data Warehouses

2009 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
The One ◽  
Integrate Data

Data warehouses (DWs) integrate data from different source systems in order to provide historical information that supports the decision-making process. The design of a DW is a complex and costly task since the inclusion of different data items in a DW depends on both users’ needs and data availability in source systems. Currently, there is still a lack of a methodological framework that guides developers through the different stages of the DW design process. On the one hand, there are several proposals that informally describe the phases used for developing DWs based on the authors’ experience in building such systems (Inmon, 2002; Kimball, Reeves, Ross, & Thornthwaite, 1998). On the other hand, the scientific community proposes a variety of approaches for developing DWs, discussed in the next section. Nevertheless, they either include features that are meant for the specific conceptual model used by the authors, or they are very complex. This situation has occurred since the need to build DW systems that fulfill user expectations was ahead of methodological and formal approaches for DW development, just like the one we had for operational databases.

How not to delimit taxa: a critique on a recently proposed “pragmatic lassification” of jumping spiders (Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4545 (3) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN KROPF ◽  
THEO BLICK ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT ◽  
MARIA CHATZAKI ◽  
NADINE DUPÉRRÉ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
The One

Modern taxonomy and systematics profit from an invaluable tool that has been developed in the course of more than a century by intense discussions and negotiations of generations of zoologists and palaeontologists: The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999, 2012). The main goal of the Code is “to promote stability and universality in the scientific names of animals and to ensure that the name of each taxon is unique and distinct” (Melville 1995, ICZN 1999: 2). The provisions of the Code are generally accepted and thoroughly applied by the scientific community. Exceptions, such as the one described below, are very rare. 

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