High Dilutions of a Drug of Covid-19 Origin Show Difference in Ranks

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
NIRMAL CHANDRA SUKUL ◽  
RAJ KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SUMIT GHOSH ◽  
MAHASWETA NANDI ◽  
ANANYA PAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Show Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mother Tincture

High dilutions (HDs) of drugs, used in Homeopathy, are prepared in aqueous EtOH (ethanol) through serial dilution accompanying mechanical agitation or succussion, and are called potencies. The potencies from the rank 12 onwards are too dilute to contain any original drug molecules. Do the potency ranks show any difference from each other? Do serial dilution and succussion contribute to the difference in potency ranks? This study aims to address these two questions. The throat swab of a Covid-19 patient was preserved and diluted with aqueous EtOH 90% to prepare the mother tincture (MT) and five different potencies of Covid named Covidinum. These potencies and their solvent media were analysed by electronic and vibrational spectroscopy. Charge transfer (CT) and proton transfer interactions occur during preparation of the potencies. The FT-IR spectra of all the test samples after normalization show difference from each other with respect to O-H stretching and bending (v2) bands. Serial dilution and succussion contribute to the observed difference in ranks and CT interactions.

scholarly journals A diffusion anisotropy descriptor links morphology effects of H-ZSM-5 zeolites to their catalytic cracking performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Liu ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Chuanming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Cracking Performance ◽  
Morphology Effect ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

AbstractZeolite morphology is crucial in determining their catalytic activity, selectivity and stability, but quantitative descriptors of such a morphology effect are challenging to define. Here we introduce a descriptor that accounts for the morphology effect in the catalytic performances of H-ZSM-5 zeolite for C4 olefin catalytic cracking. A series of H-ZSM-5 zeolites with similar sheet-like morphology but different c-axis lengths were synthesized. We found that the catalytic activity and stability is improved in samples with longer c-axis. Combining time-resolved in-situ FT-IR spectroscopy with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the difference in catalytic performance can be attributed to the anisotropy of the intracrystalline diffusive propensity of the olefins in different channels. Our descriptor offers mechanistic insight for the design of highly effective zeolite catalysts for olefin cracking.

scholarly journals Multifunctional application of PVA-aided Zn–Fe–Mn coupled oxide nanocomposite

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buzuayehu Abebe ◽  
H. C. Ananda Murthy ◽  
Enyew Amare Zereffa
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Ternary Oxide ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transfer Capability ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Synthesized Materials

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) is a fascinating semiconductor material with many applications such as adsorption, photocatalysis, sensor, and antibacterial activities. By using a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer as a capping agent and metal oxides (iron and manganese) as a couple, the porous PVA-aided Zn/Fe/Mn ternary oxide nanocomposite material (PTMO-NCM) was synthesized. The thermal, optical, crystallinity, chemical bonding, porosity, morphological, charge transfer properties of the synthesized materials were confirmed by DTG/DSC, UV–Vis-DRS, XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM-EDAX/TEM-HRTEM-SAED, and CV/EIS/amperometric analytical techniques, respectively. The PTMO-NCM showed an enhanced surface area and charge transfer capability, compared to ZnO. Using the XRD pattern and TEM image analysis, the crystalline size of the materials was confirmed to be in the nanometer range. The porosity and superior charge transfer capabilities of the PTMO-NCM were confirmed from the BET, HRTEM (IFFT)/SAED, and CV/EIS analysis. The adsorption kinetics (adsorption reaction/adsorption diffusion) and adsorption isotherm test confirmed the presence of a chemisorption type of adsorbate/methylene blue dye-adsorbent/PTMO-NCM interaction. The photocatalytic performance was tested on the Congo red and Acid Orange-8 dyes. The superior ascorbic acid sensing capability of the material was understood from CV and amperometric analysis. The noble antibacterial activities of the material were also confirmed on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Electric Field Directed Growth of Molecular Wires of Charge Transfer Molecules on Prefabricated Metal Electrodes

2007 ◽  
Vol 1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Phanindra Sai ◽  
A K Raychaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Molecular Wires ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Glass Cover Slip ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Directed Growth ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTMolecular wires of charge transfer molecules were formed by co-evaporating the 7 7 8 8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane [TCNQ] (acceptor) and Tetrathiafulvalene [TTF] (donor) molecules across prefabricated metal electrodes. Molecular wires of TTF TCNQ were also formed by evaporating single complex of TTF:TCNQ across prefabricated metal electrodes The prefabricated metal electrodes were made using electron beam lithography on SiO2 and glass cover slip substrates. Even though TTF: TCNQ wires grown from both co-evaporation and evaporation techniques show semiconductor like behavior in temperature dependence of resistance they show different activation energies due the difference in stoichiometry of TTF and TCNQ.

Charge-Transfer Dipoles at the Si-SiO2 Interface and the Metal-Semiconductor Worfunction Difference In Mos Devices.

1987 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Z. Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Interface Dipole ◽  
Mos Devices ◽  
Flatband Voltage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mos Structures

AbstractThe magnitude of the dipole moment at the Si-SiO2 interface resulting from partial charge transfer that takes place upon the formation of interface bonds has been calculated. The charge transfer occurs because of the difference in electronegativity between silicon atoms and SiO2 molecules which are present across the interface. Results obtained for (100) and (111) silicon substrates indicate that the magnitude of the interface dipole moment is dependent on substrate orientation and the interface chemistry. Dipole moments at the Si-SiO2 and gate-SiO2 interfaces should be included in the definition of the flatband voltage VFB of MOS structures. CV-based measurements of the metal-semiconductor workfunction difference φms on (100) and (111) silicon oxidized in dry oxygen and metallized with Al agree with the predictions of this model. Other types of interface dipoles and their processing dependence are briefly discussed.

Second hyperpolarizability of multimetallocenes [Cp–Mn–Cp] of Be, Mg and Ca

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Hatua ◽  
Prasanta K. Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Cooperative Effect ◽  
Second Hyperpolarizability ◽  
Nlo Property ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Bonding Interaction ◽  
Charge Transfer Transitions ◽  
The Difference

Multimetallocene complexes ( Cp – M n– Cp ) of Be , Mg and Ca have been considered for the theoretical study of static second hyperpolarizability using a number of DFT functionals. Owing to the cooperative effect in bonding, beryllium forms multiberyllocene complexes ( Cp – Be n– Cp ) which have sufficient thermal stability with respect to dissociation into neutral fragments up to n = 10. On the other hand, multimetallocene complexes of Mg and Ca are found to be stable for n ≤ 5 which may be due to the weaker covalent bonding interaction between the larger metal atoms. The rather small variation of linear and cubic polarizabilities of Cp – Be n– Cp complexes beyond n = 5 arises from the rather weaker charge transfer transitions. The difference in NLO property among the investigated metal complexes arises from the extent of charge transfer from the terminal metal atoms and the distance between them. The charge transfer at longer distances in the ground state of Mg and Ca complexes leads to more intense electronic transition — the spectroscopic parameters of which strongly favors the enhancement of second hyperpolarizability.

scholarly journals Functional Stratification of Cancer Drugs through Integrated Network Similarity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurcan Tuncbag ◽  
Seyma Unsal Beyge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Heterogeneity across tumors is the main obstacle in developing treatment strategies. Drug molecules not only perturb their immediate protein targets but also modulate multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we explored the networks modulated by several drug molecules across multiple cancer cell lines by integrating the drug targets with transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic data. As a result, we obtained 236 reconstructed networks covering five cell lines and 70 drugs. A rigorous topological and pathway analysis showed that chemically and functionally different drugs may modulate overlapping networks. Additionally, we revealed a set of tumor-specific hidden pathways with the help of drug network models that are not detectable from the initial data. The difference in the target selectivity of the drugs leads to disjoint networks despite sharing the exact mechanism of action, e.g., HDAC inhibitors. We also used the reconstructed network models to study potential drug combinations based on the topological separation, found literature evidence for a set of drug pairs. Overall, the network-level exploration of the drug perturbations may potentially help optimize treatment strategies and suggest new drug combinations.

scholarly journals Proteins as targets for high dilutions of drugs: Interaction between ?-amylase and mercuric chloride.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Nirmal Chandra Sukul ◽  
Tandra Sarkar ◽  
Atheni Konar ◽  
Anirban Sukul
Keyword(s):  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mother Tincture

Background: High dilutions of drugs, used in homeopathy, are usually applied by oral route or foliar spray. These dilutions first come in contact with membrane or circulating proteins. Ultra low doses of mercuric chloride, called potencies, promote activity of diastase or ?-amylase in terms of breakdown of starch, a polysaccharide into a disaccharide maltose in a cell-free medium in test tubes. Merc cor or HgCl2 in high doses inhibits the enzyme activity. Aims: To see (i) whether the high and ultra low dose effects of HgCl2 involve different binding sites of the enzyme and (ii) to find an explanation for the low dose effect of HgCl2 in spite of absence of its original molecules. Methodology: Merc cor mother tincture (147 mM HgCl2) in distilled water was used undiluted in this experiment. Merc cor 200c and 1000c were prepared from the mother tincture (MT) by successive dilution with water 1:100 followed by succussion in 200 and 1000 steps, respectively, and finally preserved in 90% EtOH. These potencies and blank 90% ethanol, were diluted with deionized, distilled (DD) water 1:1000 to minimize ethanol content in test solutions. Each test solution or control was mixed with the enzyme 1:10 just before experiment. The control consisted of DD water. An isothermal calorimetry (ITC) instrument was used to measure the interaction between soluble starch and ?-amylase mixed with each potency (200c/1000c) of Merc cor, its mother tincture, ethanol and control. ITC is a thermodynamic technique which helps in measuring directly very small amount of heat evolved during chemical reaction. Soluble starch 90 µM was injected into 300 µl of 15µM ?-amylase at 2 µl / injection. Twenty injections, one every 2 min, were given. The enzyme substrate interaction in terms of heat released (exothermic) or absorbed (endothermic) were monitored by the ITC instrument. All ITC measurements were calculated and analyzed statistically by an in-built software Origin 7. Results and discussion: The data are presented in figures. While Merc cor MT shows endothermic reaction, all its potencies, ethanol and water control show exothermic reactions. There is wide variation in enthalpy (?H), entropy (?S), binding constant (K) and Gibbs free energy change (?G) among the treatments with Merc cor MT, potencies, ethanol and also control. The results indicate that Merc cor MT and its potencies act on different binding sites of the enzyme. The variation in thermodynamic parameters suggest difference in binding interaction between the drug solutions and the enzyme. This in turn influences the enzyme substrate interaction as reported in earlier studies. The potencies are virtually water modified by the starting substance HgCl2. Conclusion: The mother tincture and potencies of mercuric chloride produce different effects on the enzyme substrate interaction. Potencies show wide variation in ?H, ?S, K and ?G values. It appears from the results that the drugs used in homeopathy produce dual action on proteins. At high doses they act on a binding site(s) but at ultra low doses they act on a different binding site(s). Proteins in an organism may serve as targets for initiation of action of homeopathic potencies.

Charge Transfer Complexes of Aromatic Nitrocompounds with Disubstituted Naphthalenes. I.Spectroscopic Investigation of the Donor Behaviour of the 2,6- and 23-Dimethylnaphthalene

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1274-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Abdel-Kader ◽  
R. M. Issa ◽  
M. M. Ayad ◽  
M. S. Abdel-Mottaleb
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Aromatic Nitrocompounds ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Donor Behaviour ◽  
Ct Complexes

The charge transfer complexes of 2,3- (I) and 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalenes (II) as electron donors with tri- and di-nitrobenzenes as electron acceptors are prepared and investigated by element analysis, IR. 1H nmr and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that I yields CT complexes of 1:1 type only while II is capable of forming 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (donor: acceptor) compounds. The spectral characteristics of the CT complexes are pointed out and discussed. The difference in the donor behaviour between I and II is explained in the light of PPP-MO calculations.

scholarly journals Exploring the difference in xerogels and organogels through in situ observation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170492
Author(s):  
Binglian Bai ◽  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Yukihiro Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Aggregation Structure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Difference

Solvent–gelator interactions play a key role in mediating organogel formation and ultimately determine the physico-chemical properties of the organogels and xerogels. The ethanol organogels of 1,4-bis[(3,4,5-trihexyloxy phenyl)hydrazide]phenylene (TC6) were investigated in situ by FT-IR, Raman and fluorescence spectra, and XRD, and it was confirmed that the intermolecular interaction and aggregation structure of TC6 ethanol organogels were quite different from those of xerogels. Simultaneously, unprecedented phase transition from organogel to suspension upon heating was observed in ethanol organogel, and the suspension phase exhibited lytropic liquid crystalline behaviour with a rectangular columnar structure. This study may open the possibility to design new gelators with a new dimension of versatility.

scholarly journals Effect of Transition Metal Substitution on the Charge-Transfer Phase Transition and Ferromagnetism of Dithiooxalato-Bridged Hetero Metal Complexes, (n-C3H7)4N[FeII1−xMnIIxFeIII(dto)3]

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Enomoto ◽  
Hiromichi Ida ◽  
Atsushi Okazawa ◽  
Norimichi Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Ferromagnetic Phase ◽  
Ferromagnetic Transition ◽  
Transfer Phase ◽  
Spin Configuration ◽  
Ion Radius ◽  
The Difference

The dithiooxalato-bridged iron mixed-valence complex (n-C3H7)4N[FeIIFeIII(dto)3] (dto = dithiooxalato) undergoes a novel charge-transfer phase transition (CTPT) accompanied by electron transfer between adjacent FeII and FeIII sites. The CTPT influences the ferromagnetic transition temperature according to the change of spin configuration on the iron sites. To reveal the mechanism of the CTPT, we have synthesized the series of metal-substituted complexes (n-C3H7)4N[FeII1-xMnIIxFeIII(dto)3] (x = 0–1) and investigated their physical properties by means of magnetic susceptibility and dielectric constant measurements. With increasing MnII concentration, x, MnII-substituted complexes show the disappearance of CTPT above x = 0.04, while the ferromagnetic phase remains in the whole range of x. These results are quite different from the physical properties of the ZnII-substituted complex, (n-C3H7)4N[FeII1-xZnIIxFeIII(dto)3], which is attributed to the difference of ion radius as well as the spin states of MnII and ZnII.

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