scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of milk fat from three breeds of cows during summer and winter feeding

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barłowska ◽  
T. Grodzicki ◽  
B. Topyła ◽  
Z. Litwińczuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract. The investigations included total 515 milk samples which were collected from 309 cows of the main dairy cows’ breeds used in Poland, i.e. Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-White variety (n=150), Polish Holstein-Friesian Red-White variety (n=77) and Simmental (n=82). There was determined a content of fat, protein and dry matter, a share of fat globules ranging in size, i.e. <6 μm, 6-10 μm and >10 μm as well as a fatty acids profile. It was shown that milk gained from Holstein-Friesian cows was characterized with a higher level of fat dispersion (over 70 % globules of <6 μm diameter and a higher percentage of short- and long-chain fatty acids (ca. 19 %). The Simmentalers’ milk had a higher protein : fat ratio (about 0.89), a lower fat dispersion level (8.21 % globules of >10 μm diameter) and the highest share of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.28 %). Cows nutrition included pasture forage during summer (independently on the breed) had a significant influence (P≤0.01) on increased polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage (mean by 0.51 %). The winter milk, however, showed a significantly higher content of dry matter, fat and protein as well as a higher share of big-sized milk globules.

Milk production by dairy cows fed legume grains or barley grain with or without urea as supplements to a cereal hay based diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk production and composition was determined in Holstein-Friesian cows fed either 3.5 or 7.0 kg dry matter (DM) daily of lupin grain, pea grain, faba bean grain or barley grain with or without 1.5% added urea, as supplements to an oaten hay based diet. All the grains were hammermilled. Daily yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for cows fed lupin (20.0, 0.81, 0.57), pea (18.9, 0.80, 0.56) and faba bean (18.9, 0.79,0.55) grains compared with those of cows fed barley grain with (17.8, 0.73, 0.51) or without (18.0, 0.71, 0.52) urea. Yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) and milk protein content (g/kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when 7.0 kg DM (19.5, 0.80, 0.57, 29.6) compared with 3.5 kg DM (18.0,0.73,0.51,29.0) of grain was fed. There were no significant differences between treatments in hay DM intake by cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain daily. A significantly (P<0.05) higher milk fat production per unit DM intake was recorded for cows fed legume compared with barley grain. There were generally higher returns above grain cost for cows fed legume compared with barley grain and for cows fed 4 kg compared to 8 kg daily of grain. It was concluded that it was more economical to feed 3.5 kg DM of legume grain compared with 3.5 kg DM of barley grain, with or without urea, as supplements for cows offered cereal hay in early lactation. However, the economics of feeding 7.0 kg DM of legume grain compared with 7.0 kg DM of barley grain and 7.0 kg DM compared with 3.5 kg DM of grain will depend on the costs of relative changes in hay intake associated with these practices.

Protein and fat composition and some manufacturing properties of milk from dairy cows fed on hay and concentrate in various ratios

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Bartsch ◽  
ERB Graham ◽  
DM McLean
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Friesian Cows

Seven Friesian cows in each of four treatment groups consumed hay and a rolled barley concentrate in the ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40 and 37:63 respectively. Cows fed on only hay consumed less dry matter than cows fed on barley and hay and produced less milk, fat, solids not fat, protein and casein. Solids not fat, protein, casein, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin percentages were generally higher when the ration contained a higher proportion of concentrate, although milk fat percentages were similar for all treatments. Casein, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin concentrations relative to the concentration of total protein were similar for all treatments. Milk fat from cows fed on hay only was generally lower in C10, C12, C18:2 fatty acids and higher in C18:1 and C18:3 fatty acids than milk fat from cows fed on hay and concentrate. The rennet curd firmness of the milk increased as the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased. The mean maximum heat stability of the skimmed milk from individual cows generally decreased as the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased.

Effects of FABP4 variation on milk fatty-acid composition for dairy cattle grazed on pasture in late lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Yunhai Li ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
Miriam Hodge ◽  
Jenny Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis research communication describes associations between variation in the fatty acid binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) and milk fat composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross dairy cows. After correcting for the effect of the amino acid substitution p.K232A in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), which is associated with variation in many milk fatty acid (FA) component levels, the effect of FABP4 c.328A/G on milk FA levels was typically small. For the five genotypes analysed, the AB cows produced more medium-chain fatty acids than CC cows (P < 0.05), and more C14:0 FA than AA and AC cows (P < 0.05). The AA and AC cows produced less C22:0 FA (P < 0.01) than the BC cows, and the AC cows produced more C24:0 FA (P < 0.05) than was produced by the BC cows. Cows of genotype CC produce more long-chain fatty acids than cows of genotype BC (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy heifers and cows supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Gonzalez ◽  
Rodrigo Muiño ◽  
Víctor Pereira ◽  
Diego Martinez ◽  
Cristina Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of this work was to determine productive and fertility responses of Holstein-Friesian heifers and cows to supplementation with extruded linseed and soybean as sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Supplementation had a positive effect on profitability, with significant increases in milk yield in supplemented cows, but not in heifers. Treatments had no effect on milk fat content, but higher milk protein contents were observed with supplementation. A higher conception rate was found for supplemented heifers, but not for cows. Fat sources containing PUFAs are recommended for dairy cattle supplementation, since they improve fertility in heifers and milk yield in cows.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of values, trends and relations between conformation and milk traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 536-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kruszyński ◽  
E. Pawlina ◽  
M. Szewczuk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Genetic Value ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract. In the work presented an analysis was performed of the genetic values of conformation traits in cows and their relations with the genetic value of dairy traits, basing on dairy performance (milk, fat and protein yield) and conformation data, obtained for Polish Holstein-Friesian cows of the Black-and-White variety, born between year 2001 and 2004, and maintained in 21 herds in the region of Wielkopolska (central Poland). The genetic values for the data analysed were estimated using the BLUP method and a mixed model. For the traits analysed a genetic trend was estimated as well as genetic correlations between the dairy and conformation traits. The population analysed was divided depending on year of birth and production level. The results obtained show a systematic increase in the traits analysed (positive genetic trends), both for the dairy and for conformation traits (with the exception of temperament). The highest genetic correlations between dairy and conformation traits were obtained for the udder, temperament and dairy type, while the lowest for height at sacrum and calibre. The analysis of the genetic value of conformation traits in cows of different dairy production genetic values indicated that the highest results were obtained for the group of animals with the highest genetic dairy production value. In turn, the analysis of the genetic value of traits of cows born in different years did not show statistically significant differences, with the exception of height in the youngest group.

The effect of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour, production of milk and live-weight change in lactating dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jackson ◽  
C. L. Johnson ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Energy ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour and productive performance of dairy cows during the first 25 weeks of lactation. Over a period of 3 years, 36 lactating British Friesian cows (12 per year), in their third or later lactations, were divided into two groups. The cows in each group received either compound S, in which the principal energy source was cereal starch, or compound F containing a mixture of high quality digestible fibre. Cows given compound F ate 2·2 kg more silage dry matter per day (P < 0·05). The type of compound had no effect on the frequency of silage feeding and the time spent eating was significantly different only over weeks 10 to 25 of lactation (P < 0·05), with cows on compound F spending on average 20 min longer feeding per day. Cows on compound F produced 1·7 kg more milk per day than cows on compound S. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration of milk constituents, compound F was associated with higher yields of milk constituents. Significant differences were found between the years of experiment in the frequency of feeding (P < 0·05) and also in the concentration of milk protein and milk fat. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of live-weight change between treatments or year of experiment.

scholarly journals Comparison of yield, composition and quality of milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in conventional and automatic milking systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kolenda ◽  
Dariusz Piwczyński ◽  
Marcin Brzozowski ◽  
Beata Sitkowska ◽  
Piotr Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in selected production and functional traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows after switching from a conventional (CMS) to an automatic milking system (AMS). The study consisted of 3398 Polish Holstein- Friesian dairy cows, from 16 herds in which CMS was changed to AMS. Cows were in their 1st (L1) or 2nd lactation (L2). The data consisted of milk yield [MY, kg], fat content [FC, %], protein content [PC, %], dry matter [DM, %], lactose content [LC, %], urea content [MU, mg/l], somatic cell count [SCC, thous./ml] and score [SCS, log]. The milking system had a significant impact on milk yield, fat, lactose, dry matter and urea contents. Regardless of lactation number, milk derived from CMS was characterised by higher values for FC, PC, DM SCC and SCS, while milk from AMS had higher MY, LC and MU. Multifactor analysis of variance also confirmed significant effect of herd, season, herd × milking system interaction on SCS in milk of cows in L1. In the studied herds change from CMS to AMS was evaluated separately for cows in L1 and L2. The transitioning from CMS to AMS resulted in the decrease of fat content in 6 L1 and 7 L2 herds, dry matter in 8 L1 and 5 L2 herds. SCS in milk also decreased in 4 L1 and 5 L2 herds. The change caused the increase of MY in 11 L1 and 9 L2 herds, lactose content in 6 L1 and 4 L2 herds and urea content in 9 L1 and 10 L2 herds. AMS may positively affect milk yield and health status, however, the change of milking system should be also accompanied by the change in herd management.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy levels using calcium salts of fatty acids on nutritive value of diets and milk quality in peripartum dairy goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Souza ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Bruna Hygino ◽  
Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats

Peripartum is a critical period for dairy goats, as dry matter intake (DMI) is not enough to supply the energy requirement for foetal growth and subsequent lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) to increase dietary energy level of peripartum dairy goats and its effects on nutritive value of diets and milk quality. Twenty multiparous Saanen goats (body weight 63.5±10.3 kg) were distributed in a completely randomised design in four treatments at the following dietary energy levels: 2.6 Mcal of metabolisable energy per kg of dry matter (Mcal ME/kg DM) - control diet; and 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9 Mcal/kg DM - with added CSFA. Goats were housed in individual stalls and evaluated in the peripartum period, by measuring body weight (BW), DMI, dry matter and nutrient digestibility of diets, blood composition, and milk quality and yield. Increasing dietary energy level to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had no effect on BW and did not limit DMI. CSFA supplementation increased intake of total digestible nutrients and did not affect fibre digestion. Blood triglycerides and cholesterol concentration increased with CSFA addition. The treatments had no effect on milk yield and composition; however, CSFA supplementation changed the fatty acid concentration of milk fat, increasing levels of polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids. In conclusion, peripartum dairy goats supplemented with CSFA to increase dietary energy level up to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had a greater supply of total digestible nutrients and showed altered fatty acid concentration of milk fat.

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