scholarly journals Physical quality characteristics of breast and leg meat of slow- and fast-growing broilers raised in different housing systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Melahat Özbek ◽  
Metin Petek ◽  
Sena Ardıçlı
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract. This study was made to determine the effects of genotype and housing system on physical quality characteristics of breast and leg meat of broilers under experimental conditions. The 150 slow-growing and 150 fast-growing 1 d old chicks were divided into three sub-groups with indoor raised slatted plastic floor, indoor concrete floor with rice hull litter, and free-range housing systems (2 genotype groups × 3 housing systems). All birds were offered the same diet and were housed in similar conditions until they were 56 d old. At slaughter, 10 birds from each main group were selected randomly to determine the quality characteristics of the meat. In total, 60 breast meat pieces (pectoralis major muscle) and 60 legs of the chickens were used for meat quality analysis including pH, shear force, and colour characteristics such as lightness (L∗), redness (a∗), yellowness (b∗), saturation (C∗), and hue angle (h∗). The pH of breast meat was significantly affected by genotype and housing system (P<0.001 and P<0.001). There were significant genotype × housing system interactions for pH (P<0.015 and P<0.001) and shear force values (P<0.007 and P<0.012) of leg and breast meat. There were no significant effects of genotype and housing system on leg and breast meat colour properties except for effects of genotype on redness (a∗) of breast meat (p<0.005) and effects of housing on redness of leg meat colour (p<0.031). Slow-growing chickens and chickens housed in deep litter had a higher redness (darker) value of breast and leg meat colour compared to fast-growing birds and free range and slatted floor. In conclusion, it can be said that fast-growing broilers may be more appropriate for slatted plastic floor housing and slow-growing broilers may be more suitable for a free-range housing system, but further research on factors affecting meat quality would be very beneficial, especially in slow-growing broilers.

Effects of aging on characteristics of breast meat from free-range broiler hens at 12 or 70 weeks of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. M. Mello ◽  
R. A. Souza ◽  
F. B. Ferrari ◽  
A. Giampietro-Ganeco ◽  
P. A. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Effects Of Aging

We evaluated the effect of broiler age and aging process on the meat characteristics of breast fillets from female free-range broilers slaughtered at 12 weeks of age (Wk12) and 70 weeks of age (Wk70). We used breast meat from female ISA Label (n = 60) broilers. Ten samples of each broiler age were aged in an incubator (2°C ± 0.5°C) for 3 and 7 days. Ten samples for each broiler age were analysed 4 h post-slaughter (Control group). Compared with breast meat from Wk12, breast meat from Wk70 showed higher shear force (30.52 N vs 27.19; P = 0.0322) and total collagen (4.33 g/kg vs 3.77 g/kg; P = 0.0149), which were reduced during aging to 15.49 N and 3.92 mg/100 g, respectively. The aging process did not affect the lipid oxidation of breast meat from Wk70. After aging for 3 days, breast meat from Wk70 had similar protein and fat contents to those of meat from Wk12 (21.29% and 1.04%, on average, respectively). Breast meat from Wk70 also showed lower concentrations of docosahexaenoic (0.32% vs 0.65%; P < 0.0001) and eicosapentaenoic (0.01% vs 0.12%; P < 0.0001) fatty acids than meat from Wk12. The use of free-range hen meat is beneficial to the industry because of the lower storage and cooking losses, which may influence the final yield, besides its lower polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration, which makes it less vulnerable to rancidification. Aging for at least 3 days at 2°C is satisfactory to promote the tenderisation of meat from free-range broiler hens.

Influence of Housing Systems on Microbial Load and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolates from Eggs Produced for Human Consumption

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA ÁLVAREZ-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
JESSICA DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
ROSA CAPITA ◽  
CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

Microbial counts (aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophs, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and molds and yeasts) were obtained for the shells of 240 table eggs in northwestern Spain. Eggs from six sources (40 samples in each) were analyzed: chicken eggs from five different housing systems (conventional battery cages, barn, free range, organic, and domestic breeding) and quail eggs (cages). A total of 120 Escherichia coli strains (20 from each source) were tested by the disk diffusion method for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs of veterinary and human health significance. Aerobic plate counts ranged from 1.96 ± 1.0 (barn) to 3.69 ± 0.7 (domestic) log CFU/cm2. Counts for most microbial groups differed significantly between sources. Eggs from domestic production had the highest contamination loads (P &lt; 0.05) for aerobic bacteria, Enterococcus spp., and molds and yeasts and the highest prevalence of E. coli. Twenty-three E. coli isolates (19.17%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, and 80.83% were resistant to one (22.50%) or more (58.33%) antimicrobials. The housing system had a significant influence (P &lt; 0.05) on the average resistance per strain, with the highest resistance in conventional cage (2.85) and barn (3.10) systems followed by free range (1.55) and quail (1.95). Eggs from organic (1.00) and domestic (0.75) production systems had the lowest resistance per strain. The highest prevalence of resistance was observed for the groups of antimicrobials more frequently used on poultry farms. Our results suggest that a relationship exists between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli strains and the more frequent use of antimicrobials in conventional (cage, barn, and free range) than in domestic and organic chicken housing systems. Education covering good sanitary practices for handling eggs to avoid cross-contamination or inadequate cooking is needed.

scholarly journals Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp C. Muth ◽  
Anne Valle Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract. The effects of the increase of body weight of contemporary broilers during growth on functional meat quality and color characteristics of the chicken breast muscle are controversially debated. Therefore, male chickens (n = 264) of a fast-growing commercial broiler (Ross 308) and two slow-growing experimental meat-type chicken lines were compared at equal age and at similar body weight in order to investigate the effect of growth rate on selected functional breast meat traits and meat color. Additionally, the breast meat characteristics of birds with different growth profiles were compared within lines. When the body weight of commercial broilers reached about 40 to 60 % of their growth potential, they exhibited particularly high ultimate pH values compared with slow-growing lines. The ability of the meat of fast-growing broilers to retain water during cooking was impaired (5 to 16 percentage points increased cooking loss compared to slow-growing lines), which, in contrast to pH, was only marginally affected by body weight and/or age at slaughter. No unfavorable correlations of breast meat quality traits with the growth profile, represented by growth curve parameters derived from the Gompertz–Laird equation, were detected within any of the investigated chicken lines. It is noteworthy that the associations of ultimate pH and cooking loss with maximum growth speed indicate a non-linear relationship. Thus, some of the functional characteristics of breast meat of the fast-growing broiler resembled the white-striping defect described for poultry meat, but the hypothesis that selection on increased growth rates is detrimental for meat quality per se could not be confirmed. In fact, an elevated growth potential in particular, i.e., body weight at maturity, could have some beneficial effects for the water-holding capacity of breast meat, regardless of the genotypic growth rate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of three fast- and slow-growing chicken strains reared in two production environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-388
Author(s):  
A. Ghayas ◽  
J. Hussain ◽  
A. Mahmud ◽  
M.H. Jaspal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Intensive System

The present study evaluated performance, physiological response and economics of commercial fast growing (CFG), commercial slow growing (CSG), and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens under intensive and free-range rearing environments. After 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment 240 birds from each strain were subjected to free-range and intensive rearing until they were 56 days old. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Body surface and cloacal temperatures, respiration and heart rates, feed intake, bodyweight and weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, growth efficiency, and liveability were recorded. Significant differences among strains were detected in physiological response and growth performance (except liveability). Rearing environment also caused significant differences in physiological parameters (except body surface temperature) and growth performance (except liveability). Significant interactions of the strains and production systems were detected. The CFG strain grew most rapidly under the intensive system with differences between strains being reduced in the free-range system. The RSG and CSG strains had similar respiration rates under the two production systems but differed significantly from each other. However, the CFG strain had a significantly elevated respiration rate in the free-range system. Total input cost of rearing CFG under the intensive system was highest ($3.54) among the treatments, whereas CSG under a free-range environment generated the highest profit ($0.37 per bird). In conclusion, rearing CSG under free range was the most economic farming strategy in today’s scenario.Keywords: economics, fast-growing, free range, growth, intensive system, physiology, slow-growing rural chickens

scholarly journals The Effect of the Type of Non-Caged Housing System, Genotype and Age on the Behaviour of Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Zofia Sokołowicz ◽  
Magdalena Dykiel ◽  
Jadwiga Topczewska ◽  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Anna Augustyńska-Prejsnar
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Native Breed

This study investigated the welfare of laying hens in different non-caged housing systems, namely a deep-litter barn system (BS), a free-range system (FRS) and an organic system (OS). The study was conducted on 270 hens of a native breed Green-legged Partridge (Z-11) and 270 Hy-Line Brown hybrids. Visual scans were performed to record behaviour of hens. Hens were housed in groups of 30 and observed over the course of one day at 20, 36 and 56 weeks of age. Dustbathing, scratching, wing stretching, wing flapping and preening were recorded as comfort behaviours. Pecking, fighting, threatening and chasing were recorded as agonistic behaviours. The percentage of run use was higher in native hens than in commercial hens (p < 0.05). The proportion of hens exhibiting comfort behaviours housed in the FRS and OS was similar but over twice as high as in the BS (p < 0.05). In the FRS and OS, the percentage of hens displaying comfort behaviours increased with age (p < 0.05). In all the production systems, the percentage of birds displaying comfort behaviours was higher in native breed hens than in commercial breeds (p < 0.05). In the BS, the higher proportion of hens displaying an agonistic behaviour was seen more in commercial breed than in the native breed hens (p < 0.05). The percentage of birds displaying an agonistic behaviour declined with hen age, both in commercial and native breed hens.

Feedlot performance, carcass composition and meat quality of free-range reared pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sather ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
J. Colyn ◽  
W. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Potential Benefits

The effects of the housing system (confinement versus free-range) and season (summer versus winter) on growth performance, carcass composition and meat quality were determined from commercial pigs with known NN genotype at the halothane locus. Free-range-housed pigs reared from 25 to 105 kg required 16 ± 1.2 (SEM) more days to reach market weight compared with confinement-housed pigs. Housing did not affect feed requirements during the summer, but food consumption increased by 13.7% for free-range pigs during the winter. Confinement-reared pigs had a 0.75 ± 0.28 kg heavier commercial carcass weight than free-range-reared pigs. While there was no difference in carcass fat thickness, muscle depth was 2.4 ± 1.02 mm greater in free-range-reared pigs with increased predicted lean yield from 59.1 ± 0.24% to 59.8 ± 24%. Free-range-reared pigs had heavier butts, loins and hams, and lighter bellies, which increased their wholesale carcass value by 2.9%. Furthermore, they had greater dissected lean in the picnic (2.0%) butt (4.0%), loin (4.5%) and ham (2.0%) with no compromise to pork quality. If the wholesale price is adjusted for the increased lean content of each cut by an additive or multiplicative model, apparent value was further increased to 5.7 or 8.1%. While these results suggest a beneficial effect on carcass merit when rearing hogs in outdoor facilities, they further suggest potential benefits to carcass grading using developing technologies that recognize differences in carcass conformation. Key words: Animal ethics, Landrace, carcass value, housing systems

scholarly journals Effects of different floor housing systems on the welfare of fast-growing broilers with an extended fattening period

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Çavuşoğlu ◽  
Metin Petek ◽  
İbrahima Mahamane Abdourhamane ◽  
Ahmet Akkoc ◽  
Ersin Topal
Keyword(s):  
Housing System ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Slat Floor

Abstract. This study was made to investigate the long-term effects of different floor housing systems on the welfare of fast-growing broilers. The experiment was performed on 210-day-old fast-growing hybrid male chickens with identical conditions until 47 days of age. Animal-based welfare parameters were measured to investigate the welfare level in the group housed on deep litter, a litter and slat system, and a slatted floor, with five replicates for each group. Results showed that the main welfare indicators in live birds, such breast dirtiness, plumage score, footpad lesion, and hock burn lesion, were negatively affected in broilers kept on conventional deep-litter floor housing. But hemorrhage or lesion scores of the breast and shoulder of broilers in slat floor housing were found to be significantly greater than in conventional deep litter as a result of a heavy body weight at a greater slaughter age (p<0.05). Pathologically, the prevalence of footpad and hock joint dermatitis was very high in the deep-litter housing system. Femoral head necrosis was not observed in any floor housing group. The results indicated that keeping broilers on a slat flooring system is preferable for younger slaughter ages and for a lighter slaughter weight. When considering the relationship between animal welfare and production economy, moving from one floor house system to another floor housing system should be carefully weighted in future decisions. Moreover, further investigations are needed in order to examine the incidence of joint and bone problems with muscle inflammation in heavier broilers in commercial conditions.

scholarly journals Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenauslaufhaltung

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
M. H. Zeitler-Feicht ◽  
V. Prantner
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Lower Rank ◽  
Resting Behaviour ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
The One

Abstract. Titel of the paper: Recumbence resting behaviour of horses in loose housing Systems with open yards Recumbence resting behaviour was investigated in 48 horses in four loose housing Systems with open yards subdivided in areas for feeding, recumbence and for free range. Continuous observations were made for each loose housing system on three independent days during a 24-hr period. In all housing Systems the horses chose exclusively the area of recumbence to rest in sternal or lateral position. On the one hand the dimension of the area of recumbence influenced we recumbence resting behaviour. In the fourth housing system the insufftcient recumbence area reduced the resting time. At the other hand the time of recumbence was dependent on social rank. The animals with lower rank showed a significant shorter recumbence time than the horses with higher rank. However the frequency of recumbence was similar in all horses independent of stable, social rank and age. The results clearly show, that the dimension of the area of recumbence as the only parameter is not enough to satisfy the demand of recumbence in all horses.

scholarly journals Effect of housing system and age of laying hens on eggshell quality, microbial contamination, and penetration of microorganisms into eggs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vlčková ◽  
E. Tůmová ◽  
M. Ketta ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
D. Chodová
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
And Storage

Hens of the laying hybrid ISA Brown were used in the study with the objective to evaluate eggshell quality, microbial contamination of eggshells, and penetration of microorganisms into the egg content in different housing systems (enriched cage: 60 hens, 10 hens per cage, 750 cm<sup>2 </sup>per hen vs free range: 60 hens, 9 hens per m<sup>2</sup>) and at different hen ages (26 vs 51 weeks) during storage time (0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days). A significant interaction between the housing system and age was observed in egg weight and most of eggshell quality measurements. However, microbial contamination and penetration were affected mostly by the housing system and storage time. The numbers of Escherichia coli (P &lt; 0.001, 4.51 vs 2.75 log cfu/eggshell) and Enterococcus (P &lt; 0.001, 2.56 vs 1.11 log cfu/eggshell), and the total number of microorganisms (P &lt; 0.001, 5.04 vs. 3.65 log cfu/eggshell) were higher in free range eggs compared to enriched cage eggs, respectively. The counts of Escherichia coli (P &lt; 0.001, 4.23 vs 2.91 log cfu/eggshell) and Enterococcus (P &lt; 0.001, 2.31 vs 1.27 log cfu/eggshell) decreased with storage time. A positive correlation between the total number of pores and penetration of Escherichia coli in both housing systems was observed in the albumen. It can be concluded that the housing system and age of laying hens significantly affected eggshell quality. Microbial contamination presumably affects the penetration of microorganisms. The correlation between the number of pores and penetration is assumed to be affected by the microbial species.

scholarly journals The meat quality of layer males from free range in comparison with fast growing chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
J. Jandásek ◽  
M. Jůzl ◽  
E. Dračková
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Breast Meat Yield

: In chick hatcheries, males of laying hybrids are considered to be “waste” and the majority of these males are killed just after hatching. On the other hand, the interest of consumers in products from alternative systems (organic, free-range) is increasing. The idea was to evaluate the meat quality of these males when they have access to free range because there is not such a study available. The aim of this study was to compare the physical and sensory quality of the meat of layer males with fast-growing broilers at the same age when they had both access to free range and when they were fed to 49 and 90 days of age. Slow-growing ISABROWN (IB) layer males and fast-growing Ross 308 (RS) chickens were kept in free-range conditions to evaluate carcass and meat quality at 49 days and 90 days of age. Live weight, carcass yield, breast meat yield and the proportion of abdominal fat were significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.001) in RS at both ages. The proportions of fat in the breast meat were significantly lower (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in IB at both ages. The value of pH 24 h was significantly higher in IB and the meat was darker (<I>P</I> < 0.001) in these chickens. The overall acceptability was significantly better (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in IB at 90 days of age. The laying males are acceptable for an alternative system of poultry meat production from the aspect of meat quality. The quality was comparable or even higher in comparison with fast-growing chickens.

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