scholarly journals Radar-radiometer retrievals of cloud number concentration and dispersion parameter in nondrizzling marine stratocumulus

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rémillard ◽  
P. Kollias ◽  
W. Szyrmer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cloud Particle ◽  
Marine Stratocumulus ◽  
Cloud Optical Depth ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
The One ◽  
Additional Constraints

Abstract. The retrieval of cloud microphysical properties from remote sensors is challenging. In the past, ground-based radar-radiometer measurements have been successfully used to retrieve the liquid water content profile in nondrizzling clouds but offer little constraint in retrieving other moments of the cloud particle size distribution (PSD). Here, a microphysical condensational model under steady-state supersaturation conditions is utilized to provide additional constraints to the well-established radar-radiometer retrieval techniques. The coupling of the model with the observations allows the retrieval of the three parameters of a lognormal PSD, with two of them being height dependent. Two periods of stratocumulus from the Azores are used to evaluate the novel technique. The results appear reasonable in two nondrizzling periods: continental-like number concentrations are retrieved, in agreement with the drizzle-free cloud conditions. The cloud optical depth derived from the retrieved distributions compares well in magnitude and variability with the one derived independently from a narrow field of view zenith radiometer. Uncertainties coming from the measurements are propagated to the retrieved quantities to estimate their errors. In general, errors smaller than 20% should be attainable for most parameters, demonstrating the added value of the new technique.

scholarly journals Radar-radiometer retrievals of cloud number concentration and dispersion parameter in marine stratocumulus

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 7507-7533
Author(s):  
J. Rémillard ◽  
P. Kollias ◽  
W. Szyrmer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cloud Particle ◽  
Marine Stratocumulus ◽  
Cloud Optical Depth ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
The One ◽  
Additional Constraints

Abstract. The retrieval of cloud microphysical properties from remote sensors is challenging. In the past, ground-based radar-radiometer measurements have been successfully used to retrieve the liquid water content profile in nondrizzling clouds but offer little constraint in retrieving other moments of the cloud particle size distribution (PSD). Here, a microphysical condensational model under steady-state supersaturation conditions is utilized to provide additional constraints to the well-established radar-radiometer retrieval techniques. The coupling of the model with the observations allows the retrieval of the three parameters of a lognormal PSD, with two of them being height-dependent. Two periods of stratocumulus from the Azores are used to evaluate the novel technique. The results appear reasonable: continental-like number concentrations are retrieved, in agreement with the drizzle-free cloud conditions. The cloud optical depth derived from the retrieved distributions compares well in magnitude and variability with the one derived independently from a narrow field of view zenith radiometer. Uncertainties coming from the measurements are propagated to the retrieved quantities to estimate their errors. In general, errors smaller than 20% should be attainable for most parameters, demonstrating the added value of the new technique.

scholarly journals Impact of the Variability in Vertical Separation between Biomass-Burning Aerosols and Marine Stratocumulus on Cloud Microphysical Properties over the Southeast Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhant Gupta ◽  
Greg M. McFarquhar ◽  
Joseph R. O'Brien ◽  
David J. Delene ◽  
Michael R. Poellot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Cloud Layer ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Marine Stratocumulus ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Cloud Tops ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Marine stratocumulus cloud properties over the southeast Atlantic Ocean are impacted by contact between above-cloud biomass-burning aerosols and cloud tops. Different vertical separations (0 to 2000 m) between the aerosol layer and cloud tops were observed on six research flights in September 2016 during the NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) field campaign. There were 30 contact profiles where the aerosol layer with aerosol concentration (Na) > 500 cm−3 was within 100 m of cloud tops, and 41 separated profiles where the aerosol layer with Na > 500 cm−3 was located more than 100 m above cloud tops. For contact profiles, the average cloud droplet concentration (Nc) in the cloud layer was up to 68 cm−3 higher, the effective radius (Re) up to 1.3 µm lower and the liquid water content (LWC) within 0.01 g m−3 compared to separated profiles. Free tropospheric humidity was higher in the presence of biomass-burning aerosols and contact profiles had a smaller decrease in humidity (and positive buoyancy) across cloud tops due to higher median above-cloud Na (895 cm−3) compared to separated profiles (30 cm−3). Due to droplet evaporation from entrainment mixing of warm, dry free tropospheric air into the clouds, the median Nc and LWC for contact profiles decreased with height by 21 % and 9 % in the top 20 % of the cloud layer. The impact of droplet evaporation was stronger during separated profiles as a greater decrease in humidity (and negative buoyancy) across cloud tops led to greater decreases in median Nc (30 %) and LWC (16 %) near cloud tops. Below-cloud Na was sampled during 61 profiles, and most contact profiles (20 out of 28) were within high-Na (> 350 cm−3) boundary layers while most separated profiles (22 out of 33) were within low-Na (

Elementy poetyki ludowej w powieści Rzeczy uprzyjemniające. Utopia T. Bołdak-Janowskiej

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Goral
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Features

The aim of the article is to analyse the elements of folk poetics in the novel Pleasant things. Utopia by T. Bołdak-Janowska. The category of folklore is understood in a rather narrow way, and at the same time it is most often used in critical and literary works as meaning a set of cultural features (customs and rituals, beliefs and rituals, symbols, beliefs and stereotypes) whose carrier is the rural folk. The analysis covers such elements of the work as place, plot, heroes, folk system of values, folk rituals, customs, and symbols. The description is conducted based on the analysis of source material as well as selected works in the field of literary text analysis and ethnolinguistics. The analysis shows that folk poetics was creatively associated with the elements of fairy tales and fantasy in the studied work, and its role consists of – on the one hand – presenting the folk world represented and – on the other – presenting a message about the meaning of human existence.

Dombey and Son

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Dennis Walder
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
The One

Dombey and Son ... Those three words conveyed the one idea of Mr. Dombey's life. The earth was made for Dombey and Son to trade in, and the sun and moon were made to give them light.' The hopes of Mr Dombey for the future of his shipping firm are centred on his delicate son Paul, and Florence, his devoted daughter, is unloved and neglected. When the firm faces ruin, and Dombey's second marriage ends in disaster, only Florence has the strength and humanity to save her father from desolate solitude. This new edition contains Dickens's prefaces, his working plans, and all the original illustrations by ‘Phiz’. The text is that of the definitive Clarendon edition. It has been supplemented by a wide-ranging Introduction, highlighting Dickens's engagement with his times, and the touching exploration of family relationships which give the novel added depth and relevance.

scholarly journals More about solar g modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. L1 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fossat ◽  
F. X. Schmider
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Real Spectrum ◽  
Space Observatory ◽  
Correlation Peak ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Precise Estimation ◽  
The One ◽  
Additional Constraints

Context. The detection of asymptotic solar g-mode parameters was the main goal of the GOLF instrument onboard the SOHO space observatory. This detection has recently been reported and has identified a rapid mean rotation of the solar core, with a one-week period, nearly four times faster than all the rest of the solar body, from the surface to the bottom of the radiative zone. Aim. We present here the detection of more g modes of higher degree, and a more precise estimation of all their parameters, which will have to be exploited as additional constraints in modeling the solar core. Methods. Having identified the period equidistance and the splitting of a large number of asymptotic g modes of degrees 1 and 2, we test a model of frequencies of these modes by a cross-correlation with the power spectrum from which they have been detected. It shows a high correlation peak at lag zero, showing that the model is hidden but present in the real spectrum. The model parameters can then be adjusted to optimize the position (at exactly zero lag) and the height of this correlation peak. The same method is then extended to the search for modes of degrees 3 and 4, which were not detected in the previous analysis.Results. g-mode parameters are optimally measured in similar-frequency bandwidths, ranging from 7 to 8 μHz at one end and all close to 30 μHz at the other end, for the degrees 1 to 4. They include the four asymptotic period equidistances, the slight departure from equidistance of the detected periods for l = 1 and l = 2, the measured amplitudes, functions of the degree and the tesseral order, and the splittings that will possibly constrain the estimated sharpness of the transition between the one-week mean rotation of the core and the almost four-week rotation of the radiative envelope. The g-mode periods themselves are crucial inputs in the solar core structure helioseismic investigation.

scholarly journals The Energy-Efficient Processing of Fine Materials by the Micropyretic Synthesis Route

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
The One ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Diffusion Controlled Reaction

Energy-efficient processing of TiB compound with nanowhiskers by micropyretic synthesis is investigated in this paper. Micropyretic synthesis not only offers shorter processing time but also excludes the requirement for high-temperature sintering and it is considered as the one of the novel energy-saving processing techniques. Experimental study and numerical simulation are both carried out to investigate the correlation of the processing parameters on the microstructures of the micropyretically synthesized products. The diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism is proposed in this study. It is noted that nanosize TiB whiskers only occurred when the combustion temperature is lower than the melting point of TiB but higher than the extinguished temperature. The results generated in the numerical calculation can be used as a helpful reference to select the proper route of processing nanosize materials. The Arrhenius-type plot of size and temperature is used to calculate the activation energy of TiB reaction. In addition to verifying the accuracy of the experimental measures, the reaction temperature for producing the micropyretically synthesized products with nanofeatures can be predicted.

Camus's Absurd and the World of Melville's Confidence-Man

PMLA ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Leon F. Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Confidence Man ◽  
Ugly Duckling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In recent years, The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, a difficult work and for long an unjustly neglected one, has begun to command increasingly greater critical attention and esteem. As more than one contemporary writer has noted, the verdict of the late Richard Chase in 1949, that the novel represents Melville's “second best achievement,” has served to prompt many to undertake a second reading (or at least a first) of the book. Before this time, the novel had traditionally been the one Melville readers have shied away from—as overly discursive, too rambling altogether, on the one hand, or as an unfortunate outgrowth of the author's morbidity on the other. Elizabeth Foster, in the admirably comprehensive introduction to her valuable edition of The Confidence-Man (1954), systematically traces the history of the book's reputation and observes that even with the Melville renaissance of the twenties, the work stands as the last piece of the author's fiction to be redeemed. Only lately, she comments, has it ceased to be regarded as “the ugly duckling” of Melville's creations. But recognition does not imply agreement, and it should not be thought that in the past fifteen years critics have reached any sort of unanimity on the novel's content. Since Mr. Chase's study, which approached the puzzling work as a satire on the American spirit—or, more specifically, as an attack on the liberalism of the day—and which speculated upon the novel's controlling folk and mythic figures, other critics, by now ready to assume that the book repaid careful analysis, have read the work in a variety of ways. It has been treated, among other things, as a religious allegory, as a philosophic satire on optimism, and as a Shandian comedy. One critic has conveniently summarized the prevailing situation by remarking that “the literary, philosophical, and cultural materials in this book are fused in so enigmatic a fashion that its interpreters have differed as to what the book is really about.”

An empirical investigation into intelligent cost analysis in purchasing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Bodendorf ◽  
Manuel Lutz ◽  
Stefan Michelberger ◽  
Joerg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intelligent Decision Support Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Intelligent Decision Support

Purpose Cost transparency is of central importance to reach a consensus between supply chain partners. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the instrument of cost analysis which supports the link between buyers and suppliers. Design/methodology/approach Based on a detailed literature review in the area of cost analysis and purchasing, intelligent decision support systems for cost estimation are identified. Subsequently, expert interviews are conducted to determine the application possibilities for managers. The application potential is derived from the synthesis of motivation, identified applications and challenges in the industry. Management recommendations are to be derived by bringing together scientific and practical approaches in the industry. Findings On the one hand, the results of this study show that machine learning (ML) is a complex technology that poses many challenges for cost and purchasing managers. On the other hand, ML methods, especially in combination with expert knowledge and other analytical methods, offer immense added value for cost analysis in purchasing. Originality/value Digital transformation allows to facilitate the cost calculation process in purchasing decisions. In this context, the application of ML approaches has gained increased attention. While such approaches can lead to high cost reductions on the side of both suppliers and buyers, an intelligent cost analysis is very demanding.

Concept of Rivalry in D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Sibling Rivalry ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Qualitative Pattern ◽  
The One ◽  
Theory Competition

Sons and Lovers (1913) is one of D.H. Lawrence’s most prominent novels in terms of psychological complexities characteristic of most, if not all, of his other novels. Many studies have been conducted on the Oedipus complex theory and psychological relationship between men and women in Lawrence’s novels reflecting the early twentieth century norms of life. This paper reexamines Sons and Lovers from the perspective of rivalry based on Alfred Adler’s psychological studies. The discussion tackles the sibling rivalry between the members of the Morels and extends to reexamining the rivalry between other characters. This concept is discussed in terms of two levels of relationships. First, between Paul and William as brothers on the one hand, and Paul and father and mother, on the other. Second, the rivalry triangle of Louisa, Miriam and Mrs. Morel. The qualitative pattern of the paper focuses on the textual analysis of the novel to show that Sons and Lovers can be approached through the concept of rivalry and sibling Rivalry. Keywords: Attachment theory, Competition, Concept of Rivalry, Favoritism, Sibling rivalry.

A STUDY ON HOW LONG AND SHORT SENTENCES SHOW THE STORY’S PACING IN ANTHONY HOROWITZ’S RAVEN’S GATE

JURNAL SPHOTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sidha Karya ◽  
Ida Bagus Adhika Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Story Line ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Average Sentence ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Long and short sentences affect the reader’s pace of reading story since they have to farce the complexity of the sentences and words used in it. In this study the impact of the use of long and short sentences on the pace of the story as implemented by Anthony Horowitz, a novelist, in his novel Raven’s Gate, is being explored. Especially the researchers looked at what types of long and short sentences were being used in the novel and how they were building up the story line and their effect on the pace of the story. A sentence with the length of up-to fourteen (14) words is considered to be short and the one over 14 words is considered to be long in spite its grammatical form, whether it is simple or complex. The criteria are based on empirical study as mentioned by Casi Newell in the AJE (American Journal Experts) retrieved from https://www.aje.com/en/arc/editing-tip-sentence-length/, that “the average sentence length in scientific manuscripts is 12-17 words,” with JK Rowling—the writer of Harry Potter—who can be considered to be representative of a modern English writer with a general audience, having the average of 12 words. For convenience we take the liberty of taking 14 words for the longest sort sentences and those which have 15 or more words are considered to be long sentences

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