scholarly journals Observations of electron vorticity in the inner plasma sheet

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1517-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gurgiolo ◽  
M. L. Goldstein ◽  
A. F. Viñas ◽  
W. H. Matthaeus ◽  
A. N. Fazakerley

Abstract. From a limited number of observations it appears that vorticity is a common feature in the inner plasma sheet. With the four Cluster spacecraft and the four PEACE instruments positioned in a tetrahedral configuration, for the first time it is possible to directly estimate the electron fluid vorticity in a space plasma. We show examples of electron fluid vorticity from multiple plasma sheet crossings. These include three time periods when Cluster passed through a reconnection ion diffusion region. Enhancements in vorticity are seen in association with each crossing of the ion diffusion region.

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 4103-4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Zhang ◽  
C. Shen ◽  
A. Marchaudon ◽  
Z. J. Rong ◽  
B. Lavraud ◽  
...  

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Dunn ◽  
Mary Ann Boyle

This study compared data collected from two questionnaires completed by faculty in professional occupational therapy education programs in the United States. The questionnaires asked respondents to describe their funding requests over two time periods; 1985 through 1987 and 1988 through 1990. The data from the first time period was reported elsewhere (Boyle, Dunn, & Kielhofner, 1990); this article presents the data from the second inquiry and compares the data from the two time periods to show trends. Programs submitted a total of 24 requests intramurally and 194 requests extramurally for a total of 218 requests during the second time period. Programs received full or partial funding for 115 proposals, a total of nearly $15 million, which was an increase of approximately $2 million. Research was funded at $1,865,500 ( n=35), a more than $1 million increase from the first time period. Programs received $5,725,790 for training ( n=35), $28,450 for model programs ( n=2), $1,326,614 for research and demonstration ( n=6), and $5,804,689 for other activities ( n=37).


1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
FB Griffiths

Thirty-three species belonging to seven genera of euphausiids were collected at two stations, 20� S.,153� E. and 33� 40'S.,153� E., during May 1972 off the east Australian coast. In all, 33 hauls at the northern station and 21 at the southern station were made with a mouth-opening-losing Tucker trawl at various depths between the surface and 400 m. The hauls were grouped into four time periods: dawn (0401-1000 h), noon (1001-1600 h), dusk (1601-2000 h) and midnight (2001-0400 h). The mean number of euphausiids of all species was 20.78 per 1000 m³ at 33� 40's. and 18.34 per 1000 m³ at 20%. Night-time abundances were greater than day-time abundances at both stations. Twenty-five species were found at the northern station and 29 species at the southern station. Four species, Thysanopoda astylata, T. obtusifrons, T. monacantha, and Nernatoscelis atlantica, were found only at the northern station and eight species, Thysanopoda acutifrons, T. orientalis, Pseudeuphausia latifrons, Euphausia recurva, E. pseudogibba, E. similis variety armata, E. spinifera, and Nematoscelis megalops were found only at the southern station. Euphausia similis is reported from 20� CS..153� E. for the first time. The abundance of 14 species was large enough to allow examination of their diel migration patterns. Only one, Stylocheiron abbreviatum; did not show evidence of a diurnal migration pattern. Thysanoesa gregaria exhibited a probable reversed-migration pattern.


2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bouhram ◽  
B. Klecker ◽  
W. Miyake ◽  
H. Rème ◽  
J.-A. Sauvaud ◽  
...  

Abstract. The present paper focuses on the altitude dependence of oxygen ion conics in the dayside cusp/cleft region. Here, combining oxygen data from the Akebono, Interball-2 and Cluster satellites allows, for the first time, one to follow the global development of energetic (up to ~10keV) ion outflow over a continuous and broad altitude range up to about 5.5 Earth radii (RE). According to earlier statistical studies, the results are consistent with a height-integrated energization of ions at altitudes up to 3.5 RE. Higher up, the results inferred from Cluster observations put forward evidence of a saturation of both a transverse energization rate and ion gyroradii. We suggest that such results may be interpreted as finite perpendicular wavelength effects (a few tens of km) in the wave-particle interactions. To substantiate the suggestion, we carry out two-dimensional, Monte Carlo simulations of ion conic production that incorporate such effects and limited residence times due to the finite latitudinal extent of the heating region.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena) – Space plasma physics (charged particle motion and acceleration; wave-particle interactions)


Author(s):  
E. Thauer ◽  
G. S. Zakharova ◽  
E. I. Andreikov ◽  
V. Adam ◽  
S. A. Wegener ◽  
...  

AbstractFor the first time, ZnO/C composites were synthesized using zinc glycerolate as a precursor through one-step calcination under a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the heat treatment conditions on the structure, composition, morphology as well as on the electrochemical properties regarding application in lithium-ion batteries are investigated. The products obtained by calcination of the precursor in nitrogen at 400—800 °C consist of zinc oxide nanoparticles and amorphous carbon that is in-situ generated from organic components of the glycerolate precursor. When used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared ZnO/C composite synthesized at a calcination temperature of 700 °C delivers initial discharge and charge capacities of 1061 and 671 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 100 mA g−1 and hence 1.5 times more than bare ZnO, which reaches only 749/439 mAh g−1. The native carbon improves the conductivity, allowing efficient electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion. By means of ex-situ XRD studies a two-step storage mechanism is proven.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632
Author(s):  
Emanuele Papini ◽  
Petr Hellinger ◽  
Andrea Verdini ◽  
Simone Landi ◽  
Luca Franci ◽  
...  

We present results of a multiscale study of Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, carried out on a dataset of compressible nonlinear 2D Hall-MHD numerical simulations of decaying Alfvénic turbulence. For the first time, we identify two distinct regimes of fully developed turbulence. In the first one, the power spectrum of the turbulent magnetic fluctuations at sub-ion scales exhibits a power law with a slope of ∼−2.9, typically observed both in solar wind and in magnetosheath turbulence. The second regime, instead, shows a slope of −7/3, in agreement with classical theoretical models of Hall-MHD turbulence. A spectral-transfer analysis reveals that the latter regime occurs when the energy transfer rate at sub-ion scales is dominated by the Hall term, whereas in the former regime, the governing process is the dissipation (and the system exhibits large intermittency). Results of this work are relevant to the space plasma community, as they may potentially reconcile predictions from theoretical models with results from numerical simulations and spacecraft observations.


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Julia P. Grimm ◽  
Keri L. Barnett ◽  
Rodney L. Bassett ◽  
Suzanne M. Pearson ◽  
Alysia Cornell ◽  
...  

Building upon the work of Jones, Ripley, Kurusu, and Worthington, Jr. (1998), we identified the most influential books and articles within the integration literature in 1985–1994, 1995–2004, and 2005–2010. We tallied references within the Journal of Psychology and Christianity and the Journal of Psychology and Theology and identified trends. There were differential citation rates across the three time periods for both articles and books. Consistently, the most frequently cited works were cited less often in the first time period compared to the following time periods. The number of edited volumes and sensitivity to knowing and doing integration well have both increased. Psychodynamic theory provided fertile soil for the growth of integration. The growing interest in forgiveness has been reflected within the integration literature. Mainstream psychology has increasingly applied spiritualities to practice. Finally, the emotional atmosphere on the boundaries of psychology and Christianity seems to have undergone some change.


2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5040-5040
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Dickinson ◽  
Bachir Joseph Sakr

5040 Background: Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) are used clinically as an alternative to blood transfusions in cancer patients suffering from symptoms of anemia. However, more recent randomized controlled trials of ESA usage concluded that its use is associated with an increased risk of tumor progression and death. As a result, in July 2008 the FDA issued a clinical alert restricting the use of ESA. A reduction in the prescribing of ESA was immediately seen but changes in blood transfusion rates have not been examined. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted drawing from patients under treatment in the Program in Women’s Oncology at Women and Infant’s Hospital from one year before the clinical alert (August 2007-July 2008) to one year afterward (August 2008-July 2009). The primary outcomes were blood transfusion and ESA administration rates compared across the two time periods. Results: The study population (n=776) included patients with a cancer diagnosis who received chemotherapy during one or both time periods. 165 (21.3%) patients received ESA treatment. The total number of ESA treatments administered in the study period of interest was 1,277, with the majority (60%) given prior to the FDA alert. The mean number of ESA treatments in the first time period was 6.39 per person as compared to 0.61 per person in the second time period. Of the study population, 186 (23.8%) patients received at least one blood transfusion. A total of 463 blood transfusions were administered during the entire study period but a significant difference was not observed in the proportion of those delivered prior to the FDA alert (52%) versus after the FDA alert (48%). The average number of transfusions given in the first time period was 2.34 per person, as compared to 2.17 per person in the second period. Conclusions: Our results indicate that despite a steep decline in the use of ESA for chemotherapy-induced anemia, blood transfusion rates were not significantly different between the two periods. Interestingly, a slight downward trend was observed from before the FDA alert to after the alert. While more work is needed to understand the implications of these findings, it suggests that resource utilization did not increase despite the reduction in ESA use.


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