scholarly journals Traditional protection ratios in FM sound broadcasting – still appropriate for interference management?

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
J. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Interference Management ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Audio Quality ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Broadcasting System ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. A detailed analysis of the measurement procedures recommended by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) shows that – with proper definition of audio quality – the FM broadcasting system can provide an audio signal-to-noise ratio of no better than 40 dB, when the interference in the neighboring channels exhausts the limits established by the internationally agreed protection ratios. Thus any attempt to relax the protection, be it motivated by the desire to implement additional FM or new digital services in the FM band, would inevitably degrade reception quality of existing services to levels hardly acceptable by broadcast listeners.

International Telecommunication Union

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-538
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Consultative Committee ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New System

The eighth plenary assembly of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) was held in Warsaw from August 9 to September 13, 1956, under the chairmanship of Professor Pawel Szulkin (Poland). The assembly elected with an absolute majority Dr. E. Metzler (Switzerland) as Director. The assembly considered a report which dealt with the activities of the fourteen established study groups as well as proposals to reorganize the study groups. The Warsaw decisions modifying procedures experimentally for the future were the outcome of proposals by the Organization and Finance Committees, the CCIR Secretariat and of discussions of the problem in the plenary assembly. The study groups were to remain the same in number and the allocation of work was in general the same, though it was felt desirable to give a more precise definition of their terms of reference. Among the resolutions adopted by the assembly, a number dealt with the length, content and quantity of documents submitted to the chairmen of the study groups, emphasizing that these should be as short as possible, as few as possible and that they should contain only the minimum indispensable mathematical formulae or numerical and experimental data. The new system was also expected to improve the position of distant countries which had so far experienced great difficulty in receiving preliminary documentation in sufficient time before plenary assemblies. The Technical Assistance Committee recommended the creation of a joint CCIR-International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) committee to consider the ways and means whereby technical assistance was at present granted and to make suggestions for improvements, as far as telecommunication was concerned, to the ITU Administrative Council.

International Telecommunication Union

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-268
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Consultative Committee ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
International Service ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Operational Methods

The seventh plenary assembly of the International Telegraph Consultative Committee (CCIT) of the International Telecommunication Union met in Arnhem, Netherlands, from June 5 through 13, 1953, under the chairmanship of Mr. van der Toorn (Netherlands). Most of the work of the session was carried on in study groups on the following subjects: 1) general telegraphy, 2) technical aspects of the establishment, operation and maintenance of telegraph channels, 3) technical aspects of telegraph apparatus, 4) vocabulary, symbols and classification, 5) phototelegraphy and facsimile, 6) technical aspects of switching in the service of start-stop apparatus, 7) European telegraph network operated by start-stop apparatus, 8) operational methods and quality of service, 9) services offered to users and rates other than telex rates, and 10) international service of telegraph subscribers and rates for such service. At the request of the Buenos Aires Plenipotentiary Conference of ITU, CCIT considered the possibility of amalgamating itself with the International Telephone Consultative Committee (CCIF) and concluded, by a vote of 16 to 11 with 1 abstention, that such a course would not serve the best interests of ITU. CCIT decided to hold its eighth plenary assembly in Geneva in the first half of 1956.

Data Hiding for Stereo Audio Signals

2013 ◽  
pp. 104-128
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Audio Coding ◽  
Original Signal ◽  
Audio Signals ◽  
Audio Quality ◽  
Input Source ◽  
Rate Conversion ◽  
Fixed Delay

This chapter proposes two data-hiding algorithms for stereo audio signals. The first algorithm embeds data into a stereo audio signal by adding data-dependent mutual delays to the host stereo audio signal. The second algorithm adds fixed delay echoes with polarities that are data dependent and amplitudes that are adjusted such that the interchannel correlation matches the original signal. The robustness and the quality of the data-embedded audio will be given and compared for both algorithms. Both algorithms were shown to be fairly robust against common distortions, such as added noise, audio coding, and sample rate conversion. The embedded audio quality was shown to be “fair” to “good” for the first algorithm and “good” to “excellent” for the second algorithm, depending on the input source.

Profiling of Web Services to Measure and Verify their Non-Functional Properties

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Abramowicz
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Adaptive Services ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The following chapter focuses on the problem of the proper definition of non-functional properties and methods that may be applied in order to estimate their values. First of all, a reader is familiarized with the concept of non-functional properties and different views on the quality of Web services. Then, selected approaches to obtain values of non-functional properties are presented. The focus of attention is Web services profiling that seems to be one of the most promising methods to perform this task. The framework presented in this chapter was implemented and tested within the EU Adaptive Services Grid project.

scholarly journals Software implementation of LTE-advanced using Matlab Simulink

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessam Mostafa ◽  
Eman Mohamed ◽  
Abdelhalim Zekry
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Lte Advanced

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) is the evolution of the LTE that developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).LTE-A exceeded International Telecommunication Union (ITU) requirements for 4th Generation (4G) known as International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-Advanced). It is formally introduced in October 2009. This paper presents a study and an implementation of the LTE-A downlink physical layer based on 3GPP release 10 standards using Matlab simulink. In addition, it provides the LTE-A performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) against Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for different modulation and channel coding schemes. Moreover, different scenarios of Carrier Aggregation (CA) are modeled and implemented. The Simulink model developed for the LTE-A transceiver can be translated into digital signal processor DSP code or VHDL on FPGA code.

scholarly journals International Telecommunication Union

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-537 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
South African ◽  
Consultative Committee ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Vice Chairman ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Quality Of Transmission ◽  
Interim Period ◽  
Chairman Committee

The sixth meeting of the International Telegraph Consultative Committee was held in Brussels from May 10 to 27, 1948, the first meeting of the committee since 1936. C. Caenepenne, head of the Belgian delegation, was elected chairman of the conference, and E. C. Smith, head of the South African delegation, was elected vice-chairman. Committee reports presented to the conference included studies of the quality of transmission, standardization of telegraphic devices, relays, and general telegraphic and telephonic problems. Organizational matters for the interim period between meetings of the committee were discussed and a budget accepted. The seventh meeting of the Consultative Committee was scheduled for 1951 in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Radio navigation systems: definitions and classifications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Cezary Specht
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Radio Navigation ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Marine Navigation

Abstract Radio navigation systems (RNSs) are commonly applied in air, land and marine navigation. They are most often used for position determination. However, when comparing the definitions of this concept provided by global organisations, such as the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Maritime Organization (IMO) or International Telecommunication Union (ITU), it should be noted that the definitions presented differ significantly. Due to the ambiguity and numerous contradictions, the RNS classification varies depending on the definition of the term ‘radio navigation’ adopted, which poses serious interpretation problems. This article analyses the concept of radio navigation based on the most important global documents and legal acts on this issue. It points to fundamental differences in the understanding of the term and proposes the adoption of a new, uniform definition for air, land and marine navigation. Based on this definition, the current paper proposes a uniform RNS classification. The proposed definition of the concept of radio navigation and the resulting RNS classification are essential for the understanding of this term to achieve global uniformity and fundamental to the harmonious development of the scientific discipline of navigation. The current proposal should initiate a discussion on the meaning of the concept of radio navigation and the RNS classification.

scholarly journals Kualitas Jaringan Pada Jaringan Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Yang Menerapkan Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Lipur Sugiyanta ◽  
Badia Raja
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) merupakan sebuah teknik dalam jaringan komputer untuk menciptakan beberapa jaringan yang berbeda tetapi masih merupakan sebuah jaringan lokal yang tidak terbatas pada lokasi fisik seperti LAN sedangkan Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) merupakan sebuah teknik terminal server yang dapat memperbanyak workstation dengan hanya menggunakan sebuah Linux server. Dalam membangun sebuah jaringan komputer perlu memperhatikan beberapa hal dan salah satunya adalah kualitas jaringan dari jaringan yang dibangun. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah client terhadap kualitas jaringan berdasarkan parameter delay dan packet loss pada jaringan VLAN yang menerapkan LTSP. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian kualitatif dengan memperhatikan standar yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu standar International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication (ITU-T). Penerapan penelitian ini menggunakan sistem operasi pada server adalah Ubuntu Desktop 14.04 LTS. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang ditemukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa benar terbukti bahwa makin banyak client yang dilayani oleh server maka akan menurunkan kualitas jaringan berdasarkan parameter Quality of Service (QoS) yang digunakan yaitu delay dan packet loss.

scholarly journals Perancangan Infrastruktur LAN Pada Yayasan Kesehatan (Yakes) Telkom Bandung Dengan Model Cisco Three Layer Hierarchical Menggunakan Metodologi Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isnaini Hayati ◽  
Mochammad Teguh Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Network Development ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Analysis Design

Yayasan Kesehatan Telkom merupakan organisasi pengelola layanan kesehatan di bawah perusahaan Telekomunikasi Indonesia dan membutuhkan infrastruktur jaringan LAN yang memadai untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan. Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model merupakan konsep yang dapat diterapkan dalam merancang infrastruktur jaringan LAN dengan membagi fungsi setiap perangkat jaringan berdasarkan lapisan core, distribution dan access. Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) digunakan sebagai metode dalam perancangan infrastruktur jaringan LAN karena sifatnya yang berulang dan berkelanjutan untuk pengembangan infrastruktur jaringan suatu organisasi. Tahapan NDLC yang digunakan yaitu tahap Analysis, Design dan Simulation Prototyping. Perancangan infrastruktur jaringan tersebut akan disimulasikan dengan simulator GNS3. Hasil perancangan tersebut diuji dengan pengukuran Quality of Service (QoS) dengan parameter throughput, delay dan packet loss yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan wireshark. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rancangan infrastruktur jaringan LAN Yakes Telkom Bandung untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna jaringan LAN dalam melakukan aktivitas proses bisnis dengan menerapkan redundant link dan QoS yang menghasilkan nilai delay, throughput dan packet loss yang baik sesuai standar ITU-T (The International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication). Manajemen bandwidth diterapkan sesuai kebutuhan pengguna dan rancangan desain infrastruktur jaringan sesuai perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Listen-Before-Talk Mode for SeaSonde High-Frequency Ocean Radars

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cosoli
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Pulse Shaping ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Spectral Leakage ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Calibration Pattern ◽  
Multiple Levels

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Resolution 612, in combination with Report ITU-R M2.234 (11/2011) and Recommendation ITU-R M.1874-1 (02/2013), regulates the use of the radiolocation services between 3 and 50 MHz to support high frequency oceanographic radar (HFR) operations. The operational frame for HFR systems include: band sharing capabilities, such as synchronization of the signal modulation; pulse shaping and multiple levels of filtering, to reduce out-of-band interferences; low radiated power; directional transmission antenna, to reduce emission over land. Resolution 612 also aims at reducing the use of spectral bands, either through the application of existing band-sharing capabilities, the reduction of the spectral leakage to neighboring frequency bands, or the development and implementation of listen-before-talk (LBT) capabilities. While the LBT mode is operational and commonly used at several phased-array HFR installations, the implementation to commercial direction-finding systems does not appear to be available yet. In this paper, a proof-of-concept is provided for the implementation of the LBT mode for commercial SeaSonde HFRs deployed in Australia, with potential for applications in other networks and installations elsewhere. Potential critical aspects for systems operated under this configuration are also pointed out. Both the receiver and the transmitter antennas may lose efficiency if the frequency offset from the resonant frequency or calibration pattern are too large. Radial resolution clearly degrades when a dynamical adaptation of the bandwidth is performed, which results in non-homogeneous spatial resolution and reduction of the quality of the data. A recommendation would be to perform the LBT-adapt scans after a full measurement cycle (1-h or 3-h, depending on the system configuration) is concluded. Mutual cross-interference from clock offsets between two HFR systems may bias the frequency scans when the site computers controlling data acquisitions are not properly time-synchronized.

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