Elevated CO2 increases plant growth but reduces soil C storage under N limiting conditions
<p>Rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations may induce or aggravate nitrogen (N) limitation to plant growth. To overcome this limitation, plants may invest their newly assimilated carbon (C) into N acquiring strategies, such as root growth, root exudation or C allocation to mycorrhizal symbionts. These shifts in C allocation can increase the turnover of soil organic matter by stimulating microbial activity. As these processes are poorly quantified, their net effects on ecosystem C storage remain uncertain.</p><p>To gain a better quantitative understanding of these processes, we assessed the effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on plant C and N allocation in a mesocosm experiment. For four months of one growing season, 64 saplings of Fagus sylvatica L. were grown in a natural beech forest topsoil. Plants were exposed to near ambient (390 ppm) or elevated (560 ppm, eCO<sub>2</sub>) CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations at two levels of continuous <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment (&#948;<sup>13</sup>C +50 or +150&#8240;). At the end of the experiment, we determined dry biomass, C and N concentrations and isotopic compositions for all leaves, buds, twigs, stems and fine and coarse roots for all plants. For all plants, C and N budgets and the amount of newly incorporated C were evaluated.</p><p>We found a positive effect of eCO<sub>2</sub> on tree growth, with the highest growth response in fine root biomass. In both CO<sub>2</sub> treatments, newly fixed C was preferentially allocated to roots compared to other plant compartments, but under eCO<sub>2</sub>, we found a shift in C allocation patterns towards higher belowground C allocation. These results suggest enhanced plant investments into belowground resource acquisition. Decreased N concentrations in all plant organs of these trees under eCO<sub>2</sub> may indicate plant N limitation and suggest that the effect of increased belowground C allocation was insufficient to fulfil the plants N demand. Still, the observed increase in C allocation to microbial biomass in these soils may be a mechanism to enhance plant N nutrition. CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations also affected C allocation within the whole plant-soil-system: Under eCO<sub>2</sub>, more C was stored in tree biomass and less C was stored in soils. Overall, there was no effect of CO<sub>2</sub> treatment on total mesocosm C. We will discuss these findings with regard to the N mining hypothesis.</p>