Investigating Spatiotemporal Variation of Heatwave and its Association with Blocking in the Northeastern Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beijing Fang ◽  
Mengqian Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
The North ◽  
Favorable Environmental Condition ◽  
Vorticity Anomaly ◽  
The Impact

<p>Severe heatwaves in recent decades caused tremendous financial loss and even deaths. And both the occurrence and characteristics of heatwave are changing under global warming. The spatiotemporal variation and characteristics of heatwave in Northeastern Asia are investigated on both grid and event bases in this study. We find that persistent, extensive and intense heatwave has become more frequent during the last four decades. Such trend is found significantly correlated with the increase of temperature.</p><p>As most dreadful heatwaves are reported to be accompanied by blocking, we also thoroughly analyze the association between heatwave and blocking using two leading blocking indices, examining 500hpa geopotential height (TM index) and vertically averaged potential vorticity anomaly (PV index), respectively. A discrepancy between blocking climatology of TM index and PV index is exhibited, with the former displaying two high-frequency zonal bands at the south and north regions, while the latter only showing one high frequency band in the north. However, grid-based concurrence analysis using the two blocking indices agreeably suggests that blocking favors the occurrence of heatwave, especially in the north region where blocking often occurs. We further explicitly investigate their extended temporal association with time lags, which has not been done before in the literatures. It reveals that heatwave mostly occurs after or on the onset day of blocking and ends after or at the end of blocking. It indicates that blocking is more of a favorable environmental condition to trigger heatwave than maintain it. Lastly, the impact of blocking on the characteristics of heatwave events is explored on an event basis, using the 3D object model newly proposed by this study. Blocking related heatwave events are more likely to be more persistent, extensive and intense than unrelated events.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Armed Conflict on Agro-Industrial Development in Cameroon: The case of the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) within the context of the Anglophone crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Dinsi Stanley Chung ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development Corporation ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Impact

The Cameroon Development Corporation has been severely affected by the armed conflict in the English speaking (North West and South West regions) part of the country that has been on for close to four years running. How then has the armed conflict in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon affected the Cameroon Development Corporation? How can the growth of the agro-industry be guaranteed? This study looks at the impact of the armed conflict in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon on the Cameroon Development Corporation. Making use of public policy theories, this study establishes a link between government defense strategies/sector development policies and agro-industrial development. The study results show that due to the armed conflict in the English speaking regions, the CDC has incurred major damages including: loss in human capital, drop in production capacity, heavy financial loss and equipment damages. The study results also reveal that, the survival of the CDC depends largely on strategic options to be taken at two separate levels including: political options by conflicting parties - the government and separatist fighters on the one hand, and on the other, options taken by the CDC at both managerial and technical levels. The study concludes that for the CDC to attain structural growth and development that will significantly contribute to the national economy, conflicting.

Essential Role of Mid-latitude Air-Sea Interactions over the North Atlantic and North Pacific in the Occurrence of Euro-Atlantic Blocking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Nam Cheung ◽  
Nour-Eddine Omrani
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sst Fronts

<p>Atmospheric blocking (“blocking”) is a crucial dynamic driver of extreme weather (e.g., severe/long-lasting cold spells, heat waves, drought and flood) over the extratropical region, where blocking occurs most frequently in boreal winter over the Euro-Atlantic and North Pacific sectors. In the state-of-the-art climate models, however, blocking frequency over the mid-latitude Euro-Atlantic sector is generally underestimated. Recent studies have pinpointed the importance of air-sea interactions over the North Atlantic in the formation of Euro-Atlantic blocking. In this study, we will demonstrate that the occurrence of Euro-Atlantic blocking is also related to the remote forcing from the North Pacific. Based on novel semi-idealized atmospheric general-circulation model experiments, we depict the impact of tropical and extratropical SST over different basins on the physical processes of Euro-Atlantic blocking events. We will show that the SST fronts over the mid-latitude North Atlantic and North Pacific jointly contribute to the occurrence of Euro-Atlantic blocking, whereas the contribution of tropical SST is relatively small. A budget analysis of the vorticity equation reveals that both high-frequency (< 8 days) and low-frequency (> 8 days) forcing contribute to the formation of Euro-Atlantic blocking events. The high-frequency forcing is associated with the intensification of an extratropical cyclone over the northwestern/central Atlantic, which is related to the North Atlantic storm tracks. The low-frequency forcing is associated with the eastward propagation of a Rossby wavetrain from North America to the Euro-Atlantic region. We will demonstrate how these physical processes are attributed to the North Atlantic and North Pacific SST fronts. Overall, our results provide new insights into the fundamental dynamics of Euro-Atlantic blocking events.</p>

Nachhaltigkeit im Wald – vor und hinter der Welle der Globalisierung | Sustainable Forest Management – In Front and Behind the Wave of Globalization

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 502-507
Author(s):  
Christian Küchli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

Are there any common patterns in the transition processes from traditional and more or less sustainable forest management to exploitative use, which can regularly be observed both in central Europe and in the countries of the South (e.g. India or Indonesia)? Attempts were made with a time-space-model to typify those force fields, in which traditional sustainable forest management is undermined and is then transformed into a modern type of sustainable forest management. Although it is unlikely that the history of the North will become the future of the South, the glimpse into the northern past offers a useful starting point for the understanding of the current situation in the South, which in turn could stimulate the debate on development. For instance, the patterns which stand behind the conflicts on forest use in the Himalayas are very similar to the conflicts in the Alps. In the same way, the impact of socio-economic changes on the environment – key word ‹globalisation› – is often much the same. To recognize comparable patterns can be very valuable because it can act as a stimulant for the search of political, legal and technical solutions adapted to a specific situation. For the global community the realization of the way political-economic alliances work at the head of the ‹globalisationwave›can only signify to carry on trying to find a common language and understanding at the negotiation tables. On the lee side of the destructive breaker it is necessary to conserve and care for what survived. As it was the case in Switzerland these forest islands could once become the germination points for the genesis of a cultural landscape, where close-to-nature managed forests will constitute an essential element.

Healthcare System in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Known and Emerging Issues and Solutions to Them

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
V.N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Impact

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

A general practice provider federation in a mixed health economy in England: a case study investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X696929
Author(s):  
Jill Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The North ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Collaborative Working ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThere is an emerging debate that general practice in its current format is out-dated and there is a requirement to move to a federated model of provision where groups of Practices come together. The emergence of federations has developed over the past 5 years but the factors that influence how federations develop and the impact of this new model is an under researched area.AimThe study explored the rationale around why a group of independent GP practices opted to pursue an alternative business venture and the benefits that this strategy offered.MethodA single organisational case study of a federation in the North of England was conducted between 2011–2016. Mixed methods data collection included individual and group semi-structured interviews and quantitative surveys.ResultsFederations promote collaborative working, relying on strategic coherence of multiple individual GP practices through a shared vision and common purpose. Findings revealed many complexities in implementing a common strategy across multiple independent businesses. The ability of the federation to gain legitimacy was two dimensional – externally and internally. The venture had mixed successes, but their approach to quality improvement proved innovative and demonstrated outcomes on a population basis. The study identified significant pressures that practices were experiencing and the need to seek alternative ways of working but there was no shared vision or inclination to relinquish individual practice autonomy.ConclusionOrganisational development support is critical to reform General Practice. Whether central funding through the GP Five Year Forward View will achieve the scale of change required is yet to be evidenced.

The Impact of Sanctions on North Korea’s Foreign Trade from the Perspective of the Comparative Advantage Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
I. A. Korgun ◽  
G. D. Toloraya
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
National Economy ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

The presented study analyzes the opportunities for North Korea to capitalize on its competitive advantages in foreign trade in the context of sanctions.Aim. The study aims to identify mechanisms that allow North Korea to engage in foreign trade in circumvention of UN sanctions and to analyze their impact on the national economy.Tasks. The authors analyze the structure of North Korea’s national economy, its initial competitive advantage, identify the specific features of North Korea’s foreign trade in the context of sanctions, and determine the consequences of illicit trade in circumvention of sanctions for the national economy.Methods. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines the classical theory of competitive advantage with the concept of rent seeking, with the concept of rent seeking and analysis of trade flows.Results. The study shows that, despite the restrictions imposed by sanctions, North Korea strives to make the most of its advantages, such as resource availability and cheap labor, in global trade. The country builds its own export-import chains in circumvention of sanctions. These chains are rather mobile, flexible, and controlled by the elite. As a result, benefits from trade that could be evenly distributed among the population are concentrated in the hands of a narrow segment of society. ‘Rent seeking’ makes it possible to formulate the negative consequences of these processes for the North Korean economy and the international community.Conclusions. Solving the North Korean issue requires an economic transformation in the country through the replacement of restrictive sanctions with more constructive ones. The exclusion of North Korea from open global trade leads to the country’s marginalization and impairs the transparency of international commodity flows.

Environmental impact of nutrients from nordic fish farming

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Enell
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Inland Water Bodies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feed Coefficient

During the last 20 years there has been an interesting development of the Nordic fish farming, with regard to the feeding and farming technology and to the increase in production quantities. During the period 1974-1994 the production increased from 15,800 to about 250,000 tonnes/year. In 1974 the major part of the production was in Denmark, and in 1994 the major part was in Norway. The nutrient impact of fish farming on surrounding sea areas is mainly a function of the feed coefficient, the feed composition and metabolic processes in the fish. The comprehensive development of the feed composition and the feeding technology has resulted in reduced load of unmetabolized nutrients from fish farms, calculated per tonne fish produced. In 1974 the mean Nordic feed coefficient was 2.08 and in 1994 the coefficient was 1.25. Feed coefficients of 1.0-1.1 are now reported for Danish and Norwegian freshwater and marine fish farms. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content of the feed has decreased, in addition the quality of the nutrient substances in the feed has changed, especially for N. The N content has decreased from 7.8 to 6.8% during the period 1974-1994 and the content of P has decreased from 1.7 to 0.7% during the same period. This development of the feed coefficient and the feed composition has resulted in a present load from a typical Nordic fish farm of 55 kg N and 4.8 kg P/t fish produced. The figures for 1974 were 132 kg N and 31 kg P/t fish produced. The Nordic fish farming production in 1994 resulted in a load of about 13,750 t N and about 1,200 t P on the actual recipients. The load from the Swedish, Finnish and Danish fish farming operations, with the Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak as the recipients, is negligible in comparison with other pollution sources. The quantities of N and P from the fish farming are equal to 0.5% of the atmospheric deposition on the sea surface and 3% of the atmospheric P load. Norwegian, Icelandic and the Faroe Islands fish farming operations are using the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea as the recipients. However, the nutrient load from single fish farms in certain coastal and inland water bodies can be significant and must be considered in the impact assessment together with other sources.

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