Application of biochar from crop residues for the removal of lead and copper

Due to the chemical composition and surface properties of biochar, a C-rich porous material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, it can act as an effective tool for the remediation of soils polluted with trace elements [1, 2]. However, its capacity to sorb these contaminants in a solution varies considerably depend on pyrolysis conditions, but also on the feedstock. &#160;Thus, the major aim of this study is to evaluate the capacity of biochars from two crop residues to sorb Pb2+ and Cu2+.For this purpose, rice husk and olive pit biochars (RHB and OPB, respectively) were produced in a continuously feed reactor (Pyreka reactor, max. temperature 500 &#186;C, residence time 12 min; N2 atmosphere).The efficiency of lead and copper ions (Pb&#178;&#8314;, Cu2+) removal by the biochars was investigated through batch adsorption experiments. 20 mL of single-metal solutions with 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mM of initial concentration of Pb2+ and Cu2+ were mixed with 20 mg of milled biochar during 48 h. After filtering at 0.45 &#181;m, their concentrations were measured by ICP-OES (Varian ICP 720-ES, Varian Inc., CA, USA).Removal efficiency of both heavy metals was over 80 % for RHB and OPB when the initial cation concentration was &#8804; 0.5 mM. RHB removal capacity was 26 % for Cu2+ and 35 % for Pb2+ when the initial concentration of metal was 5 mM, whereas OPB removal capacity for both cations was lower than 20 %. The adsorption data fitted well to a Langmuir model for both cations for RHB as other authors found [3]. Although, the Langmuir maximum sorption capacity obtained in this work for Cu2+ was similar to that obtain by Samsuri et al. (2014) [3], it was lower for Pb2+. However, sorption data for OPB better fitted to a Temkin isotherm model for Cu2+ and Freundlich model for Pb2+.The selection of the adequate biomass to produce biochars for the immobilization of trace elements, as Pb and Cu, in soils is very important, due to the huge differences in their adsorption efficiency. RHB showed a greater removal efficiency for Cu2+ and Pb2 than OPB.References:[1] Uchimiya, M., Klasson, K.T., Wartelle, L.H., Lima, I.M., 2011. Chemosphere 82, 1438-1447.[2] Zhao, J., Shen, X.-J., Domene, X., Alca&#241;iz, J.-M., Liao, X., Palet, C., 2019. Sci. Rep. 9, 9869.[3] Samsuri, A.W., Sadegh-Zadeh, F., She-Bardan, B.J., 2014. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11, 967.Acknowledgements:The former Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINEICO) and AEI/FEDER are thanked for funding the project CGL2016-76498-R (BIOREMEC). P. Campos thanks the &#8220;Fundaci&#243;n Tatiana P&#233;rez de Guzm&#225;n el Bueno&#8221; for funding her PhD.

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Enhanced Arsenic(V) Removal on an Iron-Based Sorbent Modified by Lanthanum(III)

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13112553 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastian Dudek ◽

Dorota Kołodyńska

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Ion Exchanger ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽

Isotherm Study ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Maximum Sorption ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

Neutral Conditions

Modification of a commercial iron oxide ion exchanger (Arsen Xnp) was carried out to enhance the removal of arsenic(V) ions. The modification consisted of the adsorption of lanthanum(III) ions on the Arsen Xnp surface. After adsorption, the material was dried at 313 K to obtain the modified ion exchanger Arsen Xnp-La(III). The modification process itself was tested for optimal pH, kinetics, and equilibrium adsorption isotherm study. Accurate sorbent characteristics were made using, among others, SEM, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Then, various tests were carried out to compare the adsorption properties of the modified and unmodified material. It turned out that the tested material was able to completely remove arsenic from an aqueous solution with an initial concentration of up to 50 mg/dm3. Without modification, it was not possible to reach the WHO recommended 10 μg/dm3 arsenic limit even at an initial concentration of 25 mg/dm3. Moreover, the maximum sorption capacity increased from 22.37 to 61.97 mg/g after modification (3 times greater than before modification). It is worth noting that the process of removing arsenic on Arsen Xnp-La(III) is fast—equilibrium is reached after about 120 min. Under almost neutral conditions, precipitation and adsorption can be the main mechanisms of As(V) removal. After modification, the removal capacity was enhanced by the co-precipitation and adsorption by exchange of the OH– group with arsenic ions. Such La(III) based adsorbent can be successfully applied in wastewater purification and displays superior performance for removing arsenic.

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The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4184

Author(s):

Zhiying Xu ◽

Caterina Valeo ◽

Angus Chu ◽

Yao Zhao

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Food Waste ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Cadmium Ions ◽

Initial Concentration

This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses water quality concerns. The role of the shells’ surface area, exposure time, and the solution’s initial concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. Beaker scale experimental results demonstrated very good efficiency by the oyster shells for removing copper ions (80–95%), cadmium ions (50–90%), and zinc ions (30–80%) but the shells were not as effective in removing hexavalent chromium (20–60%). There was a positive relationship between initial concentration and removal efficiency for copper and zinc ions, a negative relationship for hexavalent chromium, and no relationship was found for cadmium ions. There was also a positive relationship between surface area and removal efficiency, and exposure time and removal efficiency. However, after a certain exposure time, the increase in removal efficiency was negligible and desorption was occasionally observed. A mid-scale experiment to mimic real-world conditions was conducted in which continuous inflow based on a 6-h design storm was applied to 2.7 kg of whole, unprocessed oyster shells. The shells provided an 86% and an 84% removal efficiency of cadmium and copper ions, respectively, in one day of hydraulic retention time. No removal was observed for hexavalent chromium, and zinc ion removal was only observed after initial leaching. This work has significant implications for sustainable stormwater infrastructure design using a material commonly found in municipal food waste.

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Evaluation of removal efficiency of residual diclofenac in aqueous solution by nanocomposite tungsten-carbon using design of experiment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.318 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1466-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. H. Salmani ◽

M. Mokhtari ◽

Z. Raeisi ◽

M. H. Ehrampoush ◽

H. A. Sadeghian

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Design Of Experiment ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Carbon Powder ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Effective Parameters ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Carbon Nanocomposite ◽

Maximum Removal

Wastewater containing pharmaceutical residual components must be treated before being discharged to the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of tungsten-carbon nanocomposite in diclofenac removal using design of experiment (DOE). The 27 batch adsorption experiments were done by choosing three effective parameters (pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration) at three levels. The nanocomposite was prepared by tungsten oxide and activated carbon powder in a ratio of 1 to 4 mass. The remaining concentration of diclofenac was measured by a spectrometer with adding reagents of 2, 2′-bipyridine, and ferric chloride. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the main and interaction effects. The equilibrium time for removal process was determined as 30 min. It was observed that the pH had the lowest influence on the removal efficiency of diclofenac. Nanocomposite gave a high removal at low concentration of 5.0 mg/L. The maximum removal for an initial concentration of 5.0 mg/L was 88.0% at contact time of 30 min. The results of ANOVA showed that adsorbent mass was among the most effective variables. Using DOE as an efficient method revealed that tungsten-carbon nanocomposite has high efficiency in the removal of residual diclofenac from the aqueous solution.

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Adsorption of CuCl2 on Mg-Al HTlc: Effect of EDTA and Addition Sequences

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.150 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 573-574 ◽

pp. 150-154

Author(s):

Yun Bo Zang ◽

Nai Ying Wu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Sorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Sorption Process ◽

Langmuir Model ◽

Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽

Maximum Sorption ◽

Pseudo Second Order

In this study, removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by synthetic Mg-Al-HTlc was investigated as a function of contact time, EDTA and addition sequences at room temperature. It is found that HTlc could reduced copper ions concentration effectively. The kinetics closely fit pseudo-second order kinetics with necessary time 9 h to reach equilibrium. The sorption process followed langmuir model. The maximum sorption capacity calculated was found to be 39.4 mg/g. The presence of EDTA and addition sequences could affect sorption of Cu(II) onto HTlc.

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Investigation the Adsorption of Heavy Oil from Solution by Low-Cost Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.90 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 463-464 ◽

pp. 90-96

Author(s):

Kadhim F. Al-Sultani

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Heavy Oil ◽

Langmuir Isotherm ◽

Low Cost ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Aqueous Environment ◽

Sorption Data ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Agitation Time ◽

Adsorbent Dose

Over the last decades, there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution. Natural materials that are available in large quantities or certain waste from agricultural operations may have the potential to be used as low cost adsorbent ,widely available and are environmentally friendly after using them. Thus, rice husk RH, a commonly available waste in Iraq. RH and activated rice husk ARH (pretreated by 13M H2SO4 with 0.5 NaOH and thermally treated at573k) have been studied as sorbents for heavy oil cleanup operations in the aqueous environment (water pumped from brooks to sedimentation unit). Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH (2-10) , adsorbent dose(0.25-1g ), initial concentration (1-20g/100ml water) , agitation time (15-75min) and different temperature(298-338K),with100rpm.The maximum removal took place in the pH range of 8, adsorbent dose 1g ,initial concentration 20g/100ml water , agitation time 45 min and temperature 338k . The sorption data obtained from studies at optimized conditions have been subject to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm studies .The data fits well to both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models indicating favorable and monolayer adsorption .X-ray diffraction analysis ,which indicates that the RH and ARH mainly consist of amorphous materials .The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR . It was found that the pretreatment of rice husk increase the specific surface area and changed the functional groups , therefore leads to increase the capacity of adsorption.

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Removal of Salicylic and Ibuprofen by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium-Modified Montmorillonite and Zeolite

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10100898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 898

Author(s):

Jiyeon Choi ◽

Won Sik Shin

Keyword(s):

Sorption Isotherms ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Sorption Data ◽

Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽

Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory ◽

Modified Montmorillonite ◽

Maximum Sorption ◽

Competitive Model ◽

Sorption Mechanisms ◽

Positively Charged

The removal of salicylic acid (SA) and ibuprofen (IB) by sorption onto HDTMA-modified montmorillonite (HM) and zeolite (HZ) was investigated at pH 7. The single sorption data were fitted well by the Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin−Radushkevich (DR), and Polanyi−Dubinin−Manes (PDM) models (R2 > 0.94). The sorption affinity of Freundlich and the maximum sorption capacity of Langmuir and PDM models of pharmaceuticals onto HM were consistently higher than that of HZ mainly owing to the higher organic carbon content. In addition, the KF, qmL, and qm values were in the order of IB > SA owing to higher hydrophobicity and molar volume. Since the predominant speciation of SA and IB is anionic at pH 7 (>pKa), sorption onto HM occurs mainly by the two-dimensional surface adsorption onto the pseudo-organic medium in the HM, whereas the interaction of anionic pharmaceuticals with the positively charged “head” of HDTMA is responsible for HZ. Sorption isotherms were fitted well by the PDM model, which indicated that pore-filling was one of the dominating sorption mechanisms. The extended Langmuir model, modified Langmuir competitive model, and ideal adsorbed solution theory employed with Freundlich and Langmuir sorption models were applied to predict binary sorption. The effect of competition between the solutes was clearly evident in the characteristic curves; the maximum sorbed volume (qv.m) was reduced, and the sorbed volume (qv) had a wider distribution toward the sorption potential density.

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Study on the Removal of Copper Ions from Water Using Eco-Friendly Attapulgite/Chitosan Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.499.419 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 499 ◽

pp. 419-422

Author(s):

Yong Chen ◽

Hui Xu ◽

Jin Bao Sun ◽

Chang Long Zhang

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Copper Ions ◽

External Factors ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Absorption Time ◽

Adsorption Time ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Adsorbent Dosage

In this work attapulgite and chitosan were employed to prepare composites as eco-friendly adsorbent. Study on the removal efficiency of the adsorbent for copper ions in aqueous solution was carried out. External factors such as the amount of attapulgite in the composites, temperature, initial concentration of copper ions, adsorption time and adsorbent dosage how to influence the removal efficiency of composites were investigated. The results showed that at room temperature, 0.37g adsorbent can reach maximum adsorption rate, which the mass ratio of attapulgite and chitosan is 1:1, the initial concentration of copper ions is 50mg / L and absorption time is 2h.

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SORPTION OF COPPER AND ZINC BY GOETHITE AND HEMATITE

Archives for Technical Sciences ◽

10.7251/afts.2015.0712.059b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Bekényiová ◽

Iveta Štyriaková ◽

Zuzana Danková

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Sorption Data ◽

Adsorption Capacities ◽

Copper And Zinc ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Natural And Synthetic

In the present work, the abilities of natural and synthetic samples of goethite and hematite to remove copper Cu(II) ) and zinc Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions were compared. Batch adsorption experiments were performed in order to evaluate the removal efficiency of iron oxide samples. The effect of initial metal ion concentration, initial pH and time on adsorption of copper and zinc onto the iron oxides has been studied. The sorption data were represented by the linearized Langmuir model. Comparing the values of adsorption capacities, there were differences between the natural and synthetic samples, natural and synthetic goethite had higher sorption capacity for both metals than hematite. The copper ions showed higher affinity than zinc ions to all samples.

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Kinetics, mechanism and thermodynamics involved in sorption of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin onto chitosan in aqueous medium

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1142/s1088424613501174 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (03) ◽

pp. 240-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tapan K. Saha ◽

Subarna Karmaker ◽

Md F. Alam

Keyword(s):

Free Energy ◽

Aqueous Medium ◽

Second Order ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Diffusion Kinetic ◽

Sorption Data ◽

Film Diffusion ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Maximum Sorption Capacity

Sorption of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin ( H 2 tpps ) onto chitosan has been investigated in aqueous medium. Kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out by considering the effects of various parameters, such as pH, initial concentration of H 2 tpps solution, and temperature. The kinetic data obtained from different batch experiments were analyzed using pseudo first-, second-order, intraparticle, and film diffusion kinetic models. The equilibrium sorption data was analyzed by using Tempkin, Langmuir and Freundlich models. The best results were achieved with the pseudo second-order kinetic, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion are the rate limiting steps. The amount of sorbate adsorbed at equilibrium (qe) increased with increasing the initial concentration of H 2 tpps solution, showing maximum sorption capacity of 445.21 μmol.g-1. The activation energy (Ea) of sorption kinetics was found to be 19.47 kJ.mol-1. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were evaluated by applying the Van't Hoff equation. Thermodynamic activation parameters such as change in enthalpy of activation (ΔH‡), entropy of activation (ΔS‡), and free energy of activation (ΔG‡) were also calculated. The thermodynamics of H 2 tpps sorption onto chitosan in aqueous medium indicates its spontaneous and endothermic nature.

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A Study of the Adsorption of Ni2+ Ions by Modified Peanut Processing Wastes

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2020-3-39-43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

S.V. Sverguzova ◽

I.G. Shaikhiev ◽

L. Hunadi ◽

I.V. Bomba

Keyword(s):

Sorption Capacity ◽

Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽

Model Solutions ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Sorption Purification ◽

Maximum Sorption ◽

Processing Wastes ◽

Kinetics Of

The sorption purification of model solutions from Ni2+ ions was studied using, as sorption materials, ground peanut peel of the original and heat-treated at a temperature of 250 °C and 350 °C. Isotherms of adsorption of Ni2+ ions by sorption materials were constructed in the range of initial concentrations up to 1000 mg/dm3 of the initial and thermally modified peanut peel. Isotherms are processed in the framework of the Langmuir, Freundlich and BET models. The kinetics of adsorption of Ni2+ ions by the initial and heat-treated peanut peel was studied. It was experimentally determined that the maximum sorption capacity of the initial peanut peel at an initial concentration of Ni2+ 1000 mg/dm3 ions is 0.6 mmol/g, and for annealed at 250 and 350 ° C – 0.66 and 0.78 mmol/g, respectively.

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