Non-linear character of redistribution of chemical elements in the biosphere components as a result of the living matter activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Korzh
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Environmental Geochemistry ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Non Linear

<p>Modern problems of acceptable limits of techno-sphere impact on the biosphere, optimizing the interaction of techno-sphere and the biosphere, forecasting consequences of technogenic accidents in the environment and organization of rehabilitation in the post-accident period, place absolutely new demands for knowledge. These challenges require urgent development of new methodological foundations to study mass transfer and transformation of substances, the structure of global biogeochemical systems in the biosphere. Chemical composition of oceans and seas is a result of substance migration and transformation on biogeochemical river-sea and ocean- atmosphere “barriers”, i.e. in sites of “life condensation”. Stability of these processes is the main prerequisite of the hydrosphere ecosystem stability. The use of a methodology of empirical generalization has resulted in establishing a system of chemical elements’ distribution in the hydrosphere which possesses great predictive potentials.</p><p>A comparison of elements’ composition of different phases on the global level within the hydrosphere-lithosphere-soil-atmosphere systems enabled to reveal non-linear character of redistribution of different elements between these phases which reflects a general relative increase of concentration of trace elements in the environment of living organisms due to biogeochemical processes.  These processes are most active at the biogeochemical barriers, i.e. in the localities of "concentrated life" and are therefore inferred to result from the geologic activity of the ubiquitous living matter regulating its environment. The proposed nonlinearity index exhibits definite stability of the resulting living matter impact for different systems approximating 0.7: 1) 0.75 for proto lithosphere - sediment system; 2) 0.67 for river – ocean system; 3) 0.7 for ocean –– atmosphere system. The obtained value is believed to present a universal constant of biosphere reflecting biogenic stabilization of elements’ global cycles in the biosphere in the course of its evolution and corresponds to the biosphere concept of V.I. Vernadsky. The obtained values may be used as a reference values in estimation of the biosphere stability and anthropogenic contribution to transformation of the global biogeochemical cycles.</p><p><strong>References</strong><strong>.</strong></p><p>Vernadsky V.I. (1994) Living Matter and Biosphere. Moscow, Nauka, 672p. (in Russian).</p><p>Korzh V.D. (1974) Some general laws governing the turnover of substance within the ocean-atmosphere-continent-ocean cycle //Journal de Recherches Atmospherioques. France. Vol.8. N.3-4. P. 653-660.</p><p>Korzh V.D. (1991) Geochemistry of the Elemental Composition of the Hydrosphere. Moscow, “Nauka”, 243 p. (in Russian).</p><p>Korzh V.D. (2017) Biosphere. The formation of elemental compositions of the hydrosphere and lithosphere. Saar-Brucken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 63 p. (in Russian).</p><p>Korzh V.D. (2019) Transfer of trace elements in the ocean-atmosphere-continent system as a factor in the formation of the elemental composition of the Earth’s soil cover.//J. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. Vol.41. P. 1-7.</p>

scholarly journals THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SORTS REGAL AIR AND SPEAK TO ME OF HEMEROCALLIS HYBRIDA

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Leonidovna Sedel'nikova ◽  
Ol'ga Vasil'yevna Chankina
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Ecological Conditions

The data on the content of 22 chemical elements in the leaves and rhizomes of Hemerocallis hybrida plants of the Speak to me and Regal Air varieties growing in soil-ecological conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. The General regularities of accumulation and distribution of macro- and microelements in leaves and rhizomes of plants of two varieties of daylilies are established: excess of the content of many microelements (vanadium, chromium, nickel, rubidium) in rhizomes in comparison with leaves. It was revealed that the concentration of chemical elements in plants differed both in organs and between varieties. The peculiarity of the mineral composition of the Regal Air variety was the excess of the total content of trace elements in 1.5–3 times compared to the variety Speak to me. Concentrations of individual elements in the leaves and rhizomes of daylilies differed significantly. It is shown that in both varieties in the leaves the amount of bromine was 4 times higher than in rhizomes, strontium – 1.5–1.8 times. The concentration of toxicant elements in the phytomass of Hemerocallis hybrida varieties was significantly lower than permissible concentration, which makes it possible to use them for medicinal purposes.

Trace elements detection in whole food samples by neutron activation analysis, k0-method

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Maia Sathler ◽  
Paula Maria Borges de Salles ◽  
Maria Ângela De Barros Correia Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
K0 Method

The increase in anthropogenic activities has been contributing to considerable increasing of the chemical elements concentration in the environment. One consequence is the need of monitoring the elemental composition of food available for consumption. Numerous techniques have been used to detect inorganic elements in biological and environmental matrices, always aiming reaching lower detection limits in order to evaluate the trace element content in the sample. This study evaluated the presence of inorganic elements in whole food samples, mainly elements on trace levels applying the neutron activation technique, k0-method. This method produces accurate and precise results, without the need of chemical preparation of the samples. For this purpose, four samples of different types of whole foods were irradiated in the TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1 research reactor – located at CDTN/CNEN, in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. It was possible to detect, in total, twenty-three elements. Nine elements are considered essentials, according to nutrition literature, thirteen are not essentials and one, classified as contaminant element by legislation. The majority of the elements determined are not reported in the TACO (Brazilian Table for Food Composition). It means that the professionals of health do not know, in fact, the real chemical elemental composition in foods and the population do not know what they are ingesting in terms of chemical elements and the risks of this ingestion. This study reaffirms the INAA, k0–method, is an efficient technique for detecting trace elements in food samples.

Living Matter as a Self-Organizing System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Korzh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Stability

<p>Biological evolution proceeded under the sign of the liberation of developing organisms from the power of random phenomena in the external environment. At a certain stage in the evolution of living matter - the totality of all living organisms, it became possible to basically implement liberation from the instability of the external environment. Back in the eighteenth century J.-B. Lamarck argued and tried to prove that all substances located on the surface of the globe and forming its crust were formed due to the activity of living organisms. V.I. Vernadsky wrote: “On the earth's surface there is no chemical force that is more permanently acting, and therefore more powerful in its ultimate consequences than organisms taken as a whole” [1]. We find convincing proofs of the formation of a biogeochemical environment by living matter in accordance with their needs in the work of V.V. Kovalsky's [2].</p><p>We have studied the dynamics of the global process of transfer of chemical elements in the ocean-atmosphere-continent-ocean system. Living matter is an active participant in this process. As a result of metabolic processes, living matter constantly creates and constantly maintains an increased concentration of trace elements in its environment. The biocenosis of the hydrosphere initiates  increasing of the soluble forms of microelements in its habitat. The terrestrial biocenosis acts in the opposite direction [3]. The nonlinear laws of the processes of redistribution of average elemental compositions in the biosphere between liquid and solid phases (hydrosphere-lithosphere system) have been established. We have established a universal constant of nonlinearity of these processes in the biosphere (equal to 0.7) [3].</p><p>Human activity makes irreversible changes in the dynamics of the biosphere, and at the present stage of development of a technogenic civilization, the scale of human expansion into natural processes is such that they begin to destroy the biosphere as an integral ecosystem. The impending global ecological catastrophe requires development of fundamentally new strategies in scientific  activities that ensure harmonious coexistence of man and nature. We are developing the concept of the harmonious integrity of the biosphere (the concept of biosphere homeostasis). The stability of biogeochemical and other processes on the Earth's surface is completely determined by the coordinated, purposeful activity of living matter as an integral system [3]. The universal constant of nonlinearity of the processes of formation of the elemental composition of the biosphere (equal to 0.7) established by us should be accepted as an ecological standard, violation of which is unacceptable.</p><p><strong>References</strong><strong>.</strong></p>

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE YENISEI RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT WATER AREA OF THE KARA SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Savenko ◽  
Alla Savenko ◽  
Oleg Pokrovsky ◽  
Oleg Pokrovsky ◽  
Irina Streletskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Yenisei River ◽  
Adjacent Water ◽  
The Yenisei River

The distribution of dissolved chemical elements (major ions, nutrients, and trace elements) in the Yenisei River estuary and adjacent water area in 2009 and 2010 are presented. These results were compared to the data obtained during previous hydrochemical studies of this region. The transport of major cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca) and some trace elements (Rb, Cs, Sr, B, F, As, Mo, U) in the estuary follows conservative mixing. Alkalinity also belongs to conservative components, however this parameter exhibits substantial spatial heterogeneity caused by complex hydrological structure of the Yenisei Bay and adjoining part of the Kara Sea formed under the influence of several sources of desalination and salty waters inflow. Concentrations of Pmin, Si, and V in the desalinized waters of photic layer decrease seaward owing to uptake by phytoplankton. The losses of these elements reach 30–57, 30, and 9% of their supply by river runoff, respectively. The content of dissolved phosphates and vanadium in the intermediate and near-bottom layers of the Yenisei River estuary strongly increases with salinity due to regeneration of precipitated organic matter, whereas silica remineralization is much less pronounced. Barium is characterized by additional input of dissolved forms in the mixing zone in the quantity comparable to that carried out by river runoff. This may be caused by its desorption from river suspended matter due to ion exchange. The transport of dissolved Al and Mn in the estuarine zone is probably controlled by the coagulation and flocculation of organic and organomineral colloids, which is indicated by a decrease in the concentration of these elements at the beginning of the estuary (31 and 56%, respectively) followed by a stable concentration further seaward.

About the possibility of identification of articles from steels, aluminum, copper and alloys on their basis on the expanded micro-impurity elemental composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Yu. B. Sazonov ◽  
D. Yu. Ozherelkov ◽  
R. Sh. Latypov ◽  
E. E. Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Elementary Composition ◽  
Geometric Size ◽  
The Common

Possibility of determination of the fragments and articles made of different grades of steel aluminium and copper alloys and their affiliation to the common melt was examined via the methods of photoelectric spectral analysis based on composition of micro-impurities. Chemical elements with micro-impurities were revealed; they allow to determine affiliation of metal fragments to one melt. Ultimately possible deviations of micro-impurities within one melt were obtained. The technique allowing to establish affiliation of fragments to the common melt based on their elementary composition of micro-impurities with minimal amount of measurements was suggested based on the obtained results. The minimal geometric size of a sample available for analysis was determined; it allows to classify the examined fragments to one melt based on the results of investigation of expanded elementary composition of micro-impurities. Practical opportunities of this technique were displayed on the example of the alloys with different chemical composition.

scholarly journals Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Vladimir L. Gavrikov ◽  
◽  
Alexey I. Fertikov ◽  
Evgenii A. Vaganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Conifer Tree

Distribution of chemical elements in tree rings bears important information on various biogeochemical processes. In order to achieve a reliable interpretation of the information, it is necessary to know the degree of variation in the content of chemical elements both at the level of the entire species and at the level of individual trees. The research aims to determine which chemical elements have a stable distribution in the trunks of a number of conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The data for the analysis were obtained on the basis of the long-term experiment in forest growing. The experimental site was laid out in 1971–1972 in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk by the staff of the Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Before planting the seedlings, the soil ground was mechanically levelled, and thus, sufficiently equal growth conditions were created for all plantings. Cores with a diameter of 12 mm were sampled from three normally developing trees of each species and analyzed using modern X-ray fluorescence methods. Content relative values of elements (counts) were obtained with the Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems). The content of elements in the tree rings was characterized by the concentration and reserve of elements. Concentration was calculated as the number of counts per 1 mm2 of the ring area; reserve was calculated as the number of counts over the entire ring area. Each of these variables was defined by the parameters of linear slope in the calendar year series and the standard deviation. The cluster analysis was performed in the 4-dimensional space of the obtained parameters. This allowed determining whether the series of element distributions from different trees and species are grouped. Three elements (Ca, Co, and P) show high stability of distribution parameters in tree rings with no regard to tree species. A number of other elements (Mn, Pb, Cl, Cr, Ni, Sr, and W) are stably grouped depending on the species. The results of the research enable to focus on the study of the elements stably distributed in the conifer trunks. For citation: Gavrikov V.L., Fertikov A.I., Sharafutdinov R.A., Vaganov E.A. Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 24–37. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37

scholarly journals Elemental Composition of Needle Foliage of Pinaceae Forest Forming Species in the Territory with Cumulative Environmental Damage (South Baikal Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Olga Belykh ◽  
Elena Chuparina
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exposure Limit

The article is dedicated to the issues of sustainable development of territories with cumulative environmental damage on the basis of improving environmental analysis techniques of forest ecosystems health in Baikal region. The authors discuss the processes related to degradation of dark coniferous forests due to the emissions of pulp and paper industry. The factors affecting the development and producing capacity of forest stand are pointed out, namely highly acidic soil and heavy metals pollution. The data obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis of needles are presented. They prove the presence of 20 chemical elements in the forest forming species of Pinaceae: Abies sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata. The elemental composition of needles after the enterprise was closed is not over the exposure limit for conditionally toxic elements. The territory where the research was carried out is suitable for agriculture, tourism and recreational activities. The obtained data were used to implement new techniques of inspecting forest vegetation health.

scholarly journals Relation among geochemical elements in soil and red chicory as a tool for geographical origin identification.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Marrocchino ◽  
Serena Di Sarcina ◽  
Carlo Ragazzi ◽  
Carmela Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Po Delta

<p>The identification of the geographical origin of food products is important for both consumers and producers to ensure quality and avoid label falsifications. Determination and authentication of the geographical origin of food products throughout scientific research have become recently relevant in investigations against frauds for consumer protection. Advances in methods and analytical techniques led to an increase in the application of fingerprinting analysis of foods for identification of geographical origin. Since in organic material the inorganic component is more stable than the organic one, several studies examined trace elements, suggesting the potential application for determination of geographical origin. Moreover, the studies on territoriality are based on the hypothesis that chemical elements detected in plants and in their products reflect those contained in the soil and, within these studies, the geographical features of the production area, such as the soil type and the climate, are considered relevant factors affecting the specific designation, so an accurate determination of geographical origin would be necessary to guarantee the quality and territoriality of the products.</p><p>In this light, two varieties of red chicory from the southern Po Delta area have been characterized together with the soil. The two inspected red chicory varieties (long-leaves and round-leaves) are cultivated in a well-defined area in the southern part of Po Delta, in an area sited around Massenzatica (Municipality of Mesola, Province of Ferrara, NE of Italy). Sampling was undertaken between October and December 2020 and samples were collected from a randomized field. Together with the red chicory also roots and soils have been collected in order to analyze each part and correlate the geochemical data obtained using ICP-MS and XRF techniques.</p><p>Purpose of this study is to establish a method to identify the geographical origin and the results confirm that some major and trace elements could be used as geochemical markers according to the geological areas. These elements, therefore, could be useful to establish geochemical fingerprints for testing the origin of this product and create a protected designation of origin label.</p>

Traditional Peruvian Medicine: An Insight in Geophagy and Machu Rumi Intake

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Heber Nehemias Chui-Betancur ◽  
Dwight R. Acosta ◽  
German Belizario-Quispe ◽  
Roberto Alfaro-Alejo
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
And Gender

Geophagists are generally defined by culture, social status and gender, and this paper is to identify the chemical elements of the geophagic material called Machu Rumi. The sample was extracted from the center of the geophagic material. Two micrographs were observed, the 1c micrograph contains: O (8.63%), Al (14.85%), SiO2 (33.07%), Fe (5.93%), K (5.36%), Mg (1.37 %) and Ca (0.81%), these elements are characteristics of the clay minerals, the 1d micrograph, contains: oxygen 62.14%, Silicon 37.80% and Aluminum 0.06%, these elements are present in the clay minerals soils. The results of elemental composition and micromorphology reveals the presence of phyllosilicates, SiO2, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, and Al so the consumption of Machu Rumi would contribute to the benefic geophagy.

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