Paleomagnetism of the Cretaceous Alkaline Magmatism of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Dinis ◽  
Eric Font ◽  
Marta Neres ◽  
Morgan Ganerød ◽  
Elsa Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Fabric ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Alkaline Magmatism ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Paleomagnetic Poles ◽  
Magnetic Vectors ◽  
The City ◽  
Lusitanian Basin

<p>The paleogeographic reconstructions of the Iberian plate during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean is still poorly constrained. Major limitations include the paucity of high quality paleomagnetic poles and geochronological constrains, the occurrence of widespread remagnetization events, and controversial seafloor magnetic anomalies. Recent studies provided new high quality paleomagnetic poles from intrusive rocks (sills) dated at 88 and 94 Ma, which contributed to improve the calibration of the apparent polar wander path of Iberia at this time interval. These intrusive rocks are part of the Cretaceous Alkaline Magmatic Pulse that occurred between 72 and 94 Ma, and that is expressed by sills and lava flows cropping out in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal. Here we provided new paleomagnetic, rock magnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data of two sills apparently contemporaneous of the Cretaceous Magmatic Alkaline Pulse, namely the Anços sill in the city of Mafra and the Lomba dos Piano sill in the vicinity of the city of Sintra. Rock magnetic experiments consisted in the acquisition and unmixing of isothermal remanent magnetization curves, thermomagnetic analyses, and hysteresis curves, complemented by petrographic analyses. Results indicate that the main magnetic carrier is a mixture of SD to MD titanomagnetite. The magnetic fabric of the Anços sill is oblate in both sills and sub-horizontal k3 eigenvectors indicate that no major titling occurred after the intrusion of the rocks. The Lomba do Piano sill shows more scattered eigenvector directions with a mixture of oblate and prolate fabrics. After alternating field demagnetization, all samples show high-quality and reliable magnetic vectors, with a mean characteristic remanent magnetization orientated Dec=346.88º, I=42.66º (n/N=219/228; k=78.19; a95=1.8º) for Anços and Dec=351.12º, I=48.90º (n/N=142/143; k=94.03; a95=1.23º) for Lomba dos Pianos. All magnetic vectors show a normal (positive) polarity, characteristic of the Cretaceous Normal Polarity Superchron. The corresponding virtual geomagnetic poles (VGP) are Plong=212.62º and Plat=72.03º (N=219, K=98.81, A95=0.96º) for the Anços sill and Plong=212.12º and Plat=78.35º (N=142, K=74.22, A95=1.38º) for the Lomba dos Pianos sill. The Anços VGP plots close to the poles of the Paços d’Ilhas (PI, 88 Ma) and Foz da Fonte (FF; 94 Ma) sills previously published. However, the VGP of the Lomba dos Pianos has a distinct and lower paleolatitude, questioning the contribution of paleosecular variations (PSV). We applied the method of the A95 envelope and find that PSV has not been minimized in the studied sills, which can be explained by the rapid cooling of this kind of rocks. We compiled paleomagnetic data of all sills to provide a more robust paleomagnetic pole for the interval of 88-94 Ma.</p><p> </p><p>This work was supported by the project FCT/UIDB/50019/2020 – IDL funded by FCT</p>

scholarly journals Will Households Invest in Safe Sanitation? Results from an Experimental Demand Trial in Nakuru, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4462
Author(s):  
Rachel Peletz ◽  
Caroline Delaire ◽  
Joan Kones ◽  
Clara MacLeod ◽  
Edinah Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Price Point ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Experimental Demand

Unsafe sanitation is an increasing public health concern for rapidly expanding cities in low-income countries. Understanding household demand for improved sanitation infrastructure is critical for planning effective sanitation investments. In this study, we compared the stated and revealed willingness to pay (WTP) for high-quality, pour-flush latrines among households in low-income areas in the city of Nakuru, Kenya. We found that stated WTP for high-quality, pour-flush latrines was much lower than market prices: less than 5% of households were willing to pay the full costs, which we estimated between 87,100–82,900 Kenyan Shillings (KES), or 871–829 USD. In addition, we found large discrepancies between stated and revealed WTP. For example, 90% of households stated that they would be willing to pay a discounted amount of 10,000 KES (100 USD) for a high-quality, pour-flush latrine, but only 10% of households redeemed vouchers at this price point (paid via six installment payments). Households reported that financial constraints (i.e., lack of cash, other spending priorities) were the main barriers to voucher redemption, even at highly discounted prices. Our results emphasize the importance of financial interventions that address the sizable gaps between the costs of sanitation products and customer demand among low-income populations.

scholarly journals Quantification of an atmospheric nucleation and growth process as a single source of aerosol particles in a city

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 15007-15017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Salma ◽  
Veronika Varga ◽  
Zoltán Németh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Process ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
The City

Abstract. Effects of a new aerosol particle formation (NPF) and particle diameter growth process as a single source of atmospheric particle number concentrations were evaluated and quantified on the basis of experimental data sets obtained from particle number size distribution measurements in the city centre and near-city background of Budapest for 5 years. Nucleation strength factors for a nucleation day (NSFNUC) and for a general day (NSFGEN) were derived separately for seasons and full years. The former characteristic represents the concentration increment of ultrafine (UF) particles specifically on nucleation days with respect to accumulation-mode (regional background) concentrations (particles with equivalent diameters of 100–1000 nm; N100−1000) due solely to the nucleation process. The latter factor expresses the contribution of nucleation to particle numbers on general days; thus, it represents a longer time interval such as season or year. The nucleation source had the largest effect on the concentrations around noon and early afternoon, as expected. During this time interval, it became the major source of particles in the near-city background. Nucleation increased the daily mean concentrations on nucleation days by mean factors of 2.3 and 1.58 in the near-city background and city centre, respectively. Its effect was largest in winter, which was explained by the substantially lower N100−1000 levels on nucleation days than those on non-nucleation days. On an annual timescale, 37 % of the UF particles were generated by nucleation in the near-city background, while NPF produced 13 % of UF particles in the city centre. The differences among the annual mean values, and among the corresponding seasonal mean values, were likely caused by the variability in controlling factors from year to year. The values obtained represent the lower limits of the contributions. The shares determined imply that NPF is a non-negligible or substantial source of particles in near-city background environments and even in city centres, where the vehicular road emissions usually prevail. Atmospheric residence time of nucleation-mode particles was assessed by a decay curve analysis, and a mean of 02:30 was obtained. The present study suggests that the health-related consequences of the atmospheric NPF and growth process in cities should also be considered in addition to its urban climate implications.

scholarly journals Characterization of the clinical laboratories of the municipality of Ocaña

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Yeiny Coronel Nuñez ◽  
Blanca Mery Velasco Burgos ◽  
Maribel Cárdenas -García
Keyword(s):  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
The City

The services provided by clinical laboratories play a preponderant role in sanitation since the results of these examinations the doctor obtains information about the pathologies of his patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical laboratories of the municipality of Ocaña, it was developed using the quantitative methodology, with a descriptive approach, and it had a population and sample of 11 clinical laboratories in the city. The results show that they are formed as legal entities, with eleven to 46 years of experience in the field and only provide first-level services of complexity because they do not have the necessary and sufficient installed capacity to develop more advanced processes, which affects Their competitiveness in the market and the need to continuously establish strategies that allow them to have good development and high quality in the provision of services is evident.

scholarly journals Responsabilidad social universitaria: Incidencia en diferentes grupos de interés en una universidad colombiana/ University social responsibility: Incidence in different interest groups in a Colombian university

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-189
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Accreditation Process ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
The City

Resumen El crecimiento de las principales universidades de la ciudad de Ibagué-Colombia, junto con el proceso de acreditación de alta calidad que las mismas vienen adelantando, eleva la pregunta acerca del grado de responsabilidad que estas instituciones de educación superior tienen con la comunidad que las rodea. En ese sentido, este manuscrito presenta como objetivo, determinar la incidencia de las políticas de responsabilidad social universitaria percibida por tres grupos de interés (estudiantes, docentes y funcionarios), de una universidad localizada en Ibagué, Colombia. El estudio abordó aspectos relacionados con la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, con alcance de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Se empleó un muestreo por afijación optima conformado por 291 estudiantes y 54 docentes; para el caso de los funcionarios se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico, correspondiendo a 20. Como resultado, sorprende que se hayan obtenido corolarios que enseñen la falta de transversalidad de toda la responsabilidad social, lo cual no evidencia, especialmente en estudiantes, la implementación de políticas en materia de responsabilidad social universitaria, que propendan por una intervención social en las dinámicas que llevan a cabo en diferentes contextos. En conclusión, los tres grupos estudiados concentran el interés por adelantar actividades académicas articuladas con las necesidades de la sociedad. Abstract The growth of the main universities in the city of Ibagué-Colombia, together with the high-quality accreditation process that they have been carrying out, raises the question about the degree of responsibility that these higher education institutions have with the community that surrounds them. In this sense, this manuscript presents the objective of determining the incidence of university social responsibility policies perceived by three interest groups (students, teachers and officials), of a university located in Ibagué, Colombia. The study addressed aspects related to quantitative and qualitative research, with a descriptive and explanatory scope. A sample by optimal allocation was used, consisting of 291 students and 54 teachers; In the case of civil servants, a non-probabilistic sampling was applied, corresponding to 20. As a result, it is surprising that corollaries have been obtained that show the lack of transversality of all social responsibility, which does not show, especially in students, the implementation of policies on university social responsibility, which promote social intervention in the dynamics carried out in different contexts. In conclusion, the three groups studied concentrate the interest in carrying out academic activities articulated with the needs of society

scholarly journals Tectono-magmatic evolution of the younger Gardar southern rift, South Greenland

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G.J. Upton
Keyword(s):  
Mafic Magma ◽  
Dyke Swarm ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alkaline Magmatism ◽  
East African ◽  
The North ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Alkali Granites ◽  
African Rift ◽  
Very High

The 1300–1140 Ma Gardar period in South Greenland involved continental rifting, sedimentation and alkaline magmatism. The latest magmatism was located along two parallel rift zones, Isortoq–Nunarsuit in the north and the Tuttutooq–Ilimmaasaq–Narsarsuaq zone in the south addressed here. The intrusive rocks crystallised at a depth of troctolitic gabbros. These relatively reduced magmas evolved through marked iron enrichment to alkaline salic differentiates. In the Older giant dyke complex, undersaturated augite syenites grade into sodalite foyaite. The larger, c . 1163 Ma Younger giant dyke complex (YGDC) mainly consists of structureless troctolite with localised developments of layered cumulates. A layered pluton (Klokken) is considered to be coeval and presumably comagmatic with the YGDC. At the unconformity between the Ketilidian basement and Gardar rift deposits, the YGDC expanded into a gabbroic lopolith. Its magma may represent a sample from a great, underplated mafic magma reservoir, parental to all the salic alkaline rocks in the southern rift. The bulk of these are silica undersaturated; oversaturated differentiates are probably products of combined fractional crystallisation and crustal assimilation. A major dyke swarm 1–15 km broad was intruded during declining crustal extension, with decreasing dyke widths and increasing differentiation over time. Intersection of the dyke swarm and E–W-trending sinistral faults controlled the emplacement of at least three central complexes (Narssaq, South Qôroq and early Igdlerfigssalik). Three post-extensional complexes (Tugtutôq, Ilímaussaq and late Igdlerfigssalik) along the former rift mark the end of magmatism at c . 1140 Ma. The latter two complexes have oblate plans reflecting ductile, fault-related strain. The Tugtutôq complex comprises quartz syenites and alkali granites. The Ilímaussaq complex mainly consists of nepheline syenite crystallised from highly reduced, Fe-rich phonolitic peralkaline (agpaitic) magma, and resulted in rocks with very high incompatible element concentrations. Abundant anorthositic xenoliths in the mafic and intermediate intrusions point to a large anorthosite protolith at depth which is considered of critical importance in the petrogenesis of the salic rocks. Small intrusions of aillikite and carbonatite may represent remobilised mantle metasomites. The petrological similarity between Older and Younger Gardar suites implies strong lithospheric control of their petrogenesis. The parental magmas are inferred to have been derived from restitic Ketilidian lithospheric mantle, metasomatised by melts from subducting Ketilidian oceanic crust and by small-scale melt fractions associated with Gardar rifting. There are numerous analogies between the southern Gardar rift and the Palaeogene East African rift.

scholarly journals “The quarry proposed by St Marys Cement Inc. for a location near Carlisle, Ontario should not be permitted” : Proponents’ Brief

SURG Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Michelle Conklin ◽  
Jake L’Ecuyer ◽  
Nicole Morgan ◽  
Natalie Proracki ◽  
Tom Schiks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Alternative Site ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The City

This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton, along with the city’s Public Health Services, filed an official objection against construction. Finally, a GIS study has selected a more suitable alternative site for aggregate extraction near Carlisle, which meets the geographic, topographic, and mineral needs of St. Mary’s Cement Group without disturbing habitat or nearby communities.

scholarly journals HIV testing and counseling: some aspects of the problem

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
S. T. Agliullina ◽  
◽  
L. M. Mukharyamova ◽  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
L. A. Sitdikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The City ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Testing And Counseling

The aim of the study was to analyze the attitude of the population to HIV testing and counseling and the frequency of testing-related counseling in a sample of the population of Kazan. Materials. An anonymous survey of various groups of the population permanently residing in the city of Kazan (n=301) was conducted using a questionnaire developed by us. The study involved 58.1% of women (175/301), 41.9% of men (126/301). Results. Most of the respondents had experience of undergoing HIV testing (95%, 286/301). Only 92 people out of 286 (32.2%) were examined on their own initiative. HIV testing was mainly carried out in the polyclinic at the place of residence/stay (66.8%, 191/286), while counseling, according to respondents, was carried out only in 16.20% of respondents (31/191). Conclusions. It is important to conduct a high-quality procedure of pre-and post-test counseling in the conditions of primary health care. It is necessary to train the medical staff of the polyclinic level in the skills of counseling on epidemiology and prevention of HIV infection.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BAURAN PEMASARAN DI HOTEL PANGERAN BEACH PADANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nurmala Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
City Center ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
The City ◽  
Hotel Marketing

Abstract. Based on this study to analyze the marketing mix at the Pangeran Beach Hotel Padang. This type of research is a qualitative descripptive. Determination of informants using purposive sampling technique that is many as eight research informants consisting of hotel marketing and hotel consumers. The results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) The products offered by the Pangeran Beach Hotel Padang are quality attractive and of high quality and the service provide to guests are good, 2) The Price set by the Pangeran Beach Hotel Padang is quite high and is only affordable for middle and upper class people, 3) Promotions carried out by the Pangeran Beach Hotel Padang have been maximized so that guests are still intererted in staying at the hotel, 4) The Place or location of the Pangeran Beach Hotel Padang is already strategic annd in the city center, and works together to travel agents so that guests know the location of the Pangeran Beach Hotel Padang. Keywords : Marketing, Marketing mix

scholarly journals Feasibility of applying viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) orientation in the study of palaeowind direction by loess magnetic fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 699-717
Author(s):  
Xingjun Xie ◽  
Xianghui Kong ◽  
Yajuan Du ◽  
Qiufang Chang ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Fabric ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Drilling Core

AbstractThe loess formation sampling method on the Chinese Loess Plateau generally involves the acquisition of samples from the basset section and the drilling core. Constraints imposed by the precision of the drilling machine operation make it difficult to determine the orientation of the samples due to the rotation of the core.Although researchers have proposed solutions for reconstructing the north direction of the samples by adopting the viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) orientation, it remains uncertain whether this approach can be adopted in studies that use the magnetic fabric to trace the palaeomonsoonal direction, and the degree to which this approach will change the magnetic fabric results.Based on the achievements of other researchers, we adopted the VRM orientation of the basset section samples oriented in the field. By determining how the VRM orientation changes the magnetic fabric of loess over different demagnetization temperature ranges, we can draw the preliminary conclusion that there is no significant difference between the magnetic fabric information of the loess obtained at 100–150°C VRM orientation and that obtained from the field orientation (the statistical bin size is 22.5°, significance level α = 0.05). This indicates that the VRM orientation approach is feasible for studying non-oriented drilling core samples to determine the prevailing surface paleowind direction with appropriate precision.

scholarly journals Magnetostratigraphy of sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn ICDP Site 5011-1: paleomagnetic age constraints for the longest paleoclimate record from the continental Arctic

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Haltia ◽  
N. R. Nowaczyk
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Far East ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Laminated Sediments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sediment Profile ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Mineral Magnetic

Abstract. Paleomagnetic measurements were performed on sediments drilled from ICDP Site 5011-1 in Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30' N, 172°05' E) located in Far East Russian Arctic. The lake partly fills a crater formed by a meteorite impact 3.58 ± 0.04 Ma ago. Sediments from three parallel cores (5011-1A, 5011-1B and 5011-1C), recovered from the middle part of the lake, yield a total of 355 m of sediment. Sediments are characterized by a variable lithology, where intervals of homogenous and laminated sediments alternate, and mass movement deposits occur frequently along the sediment profile. Mineral magnetic investigation made on sediments enclosed in core catchers suggests that magnetic carrier in these sediments is partly maghemitized Ti-rich pseudo-single domain magnetite. Its detrital origin can be shown by mineral magnetic measurements and SEM-EDS analyses performed on mini-sized cylindrical rock samples, polished rock sections and creek sediments. The intensity of the natural remanent magnetization in the sediments is high with a range from about 1 to 1000 mA m−1. Most of the sediments carry a stable magnetization interpreted as primary depositional remanent magnetization. Characteristic inclination data show alternating intervals of steep positive and negative inclinations that are used to assign magnetic polarity to the lake sediment profile. This is a rather straightforward procedure owing to the mainly high quality of data. The Matuyama/Gauss (M/G) (2.608 Ma) and Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) (0.780 Ma) reversals were recognized in the sediments. The Mammoth and Kaena reversed subchrons were identified during the Gauss chron, and the Olduvai and Jaramillo normal subchrons as well as the Réunion and Cobb Mountain cryptochrons were identified during the Matuyama chron. Sediments also provide a record of the Olduvai precursor and Intra-Jaramillo geomagnetic excursions. Sediment deposition rate is highest at the base of the sequence laid down in the early Gauss chron, when the deposition rate is approximately 44 cm kyr−1. Sediment deposition decelerates upcore and it is an order of magnitude lower during the Brunhes chron in comparison with the early Gauss chron. Decrease in sediment deposition in the late Pliocene probably relates to atmospheric and oceanic reorganization heralding the onset of Quaternary climate change. The high-quality magnetostratigraphy reconstructed from Lake El'gygytgyn sediments provides 12 first-order tie points to pin down the age of the longest paleoclimate record from the continental Arctic.

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