Coring of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in Denmark: ICDP Project PVOLC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Jones ◽  
Ella Stokke ◽  
Sverre Planke ◽  
Lars Augland ◽  
Henrik Svensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Scientific Drilling ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
The North ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Igneous Province

<p>The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is recognized as one of the potential analogues in the geological record for present-day global warming. The aim of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) project PVOLC is to test the hypothesis that voluminous magmatism in sedimentary basins in the NE Atlantic triggered the PETM. Two ICDP boreholes are planned to core the boundary in the Limfjorden area in Denmark in 2022. PVOLC will be conducted in conjunction with IODP Exp 396 on the mid-Norwegian continental margin. The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) was is a large igneous province (5–10 million km<sup>3</sup> magma) that coincided with both the opening of the NE Atlantic Ocean and the greenhouse conditions of the early Paleogene. The close temporal correlations suggest a possible causal relationship between the NAIP and both the climatic and tectonic changes around 56– 54 Ma. In particular, the main acme of NAIP activity occurred across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), an extreme hyperthermal event that represents the warmest conditions of the last 60 million years. The NAIP is among several proposed candidates for driving global warming through CO2/CH4 emissions, both by magmatic degassing and through contact metamorphism around shallow intrusions in organic rich sedimentary basins. What is needed to refine the role of the NAIP during the PETM are key sedimentary sequences that contain abundant volcanic and climatic proxies in the same section, thereby allowing a precise geochronology of events to be attained. The sediments exposed on the Fur island, Denmark, are a key sequence of PETM and post-PETM strata with little thermal overprint and hundreds of well-preserved volcanic ash layers from the NAIP. The effects of Quaternary glaciotectonism have disturbed this key stratigraphic interval at Fur, but seismic surveys indicate that undisturbed strata are found a few km to the south. The ICDP PVOLC project plan is to drill both the Paleocene-Eocene and the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundaries, hopefully recovering pristine cores suitable for high-resolution geochemical and climatic studies.</p>

scholarly journals Large Igneous Province thermogenic greenhouse gas flux could have initiated Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Jones ◽  
Murray Hoggett ◽  
Sarah E. Greene ◽  
Tom Dunkley Jones
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The North ◽  
Igneous Provinces ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
The Individual

AbstractLarge Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are associated with the largest climate perturbations in Earth’s history. The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) and Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) constitute an exemplar of this association. As yet we have no means to reconstruct the pacing of LIP greenhouse gas emissions for comparison with climate records at millennial resolution. Here, we calculate carbon-based greenhouse gas fluxes associated with the NAIP at sub-millennial resolution by linking measurements of the mantle convection process that generated NAIP magma with observations of the individual geological structures that controlled gas emissions in a Monte Carlo framework. These simulations predict peak emissions flux of 0.2–0.5 PgC yr–1 and show that the NAIP could have initiated PETM climate change. This is the first predictive model of carbon emissions flux from any proposed PETM carbon source that is directly constrained by observations of the geological structures that controlled the emissions.

Paleomagnetism and U–Pb geochronology of the Clarence Head dykes, Arctic Canada: orthogonal emplacement of mafic dykes in a large igneous province

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Denyszyn ◽  
Don W. Davis ◽  
Henry C. Halls
Keyword(s):  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Dyke Swarm ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Chemical Remanent Magnetization

The north–south-trending Clarence Head dyke swarm, located on Devon and Ellesmere Islands in the Canadian High Arctic, has a trend orthogonal to that of the Neoproterozoic Franklin swarm that surrounds it. The Clarence Head dykes are dated by the U–Pb method on baddeleyite to between 716 ± 1 and 713 ± 1 Ma, ages apparently younger than, but within the published age range of, the Franklin dykes. Alpha recoil in baddeleyite is considered as a possible explanation for the difference in ages, but a comparison of the U–Pb ages of grains of equal size from both swarms suggests that recoil distances in baddeleyite are lower than those in zircon and that the Clarence Head dykes are indeed a distinctly younger event within the period of Franklin magmatism. The Clarence Head dykes represent a large swarm tangential to, and cogenetic with, a giant radiating dyke swarm ∼800 km from the indicated source. The preferred mechanism for the emplacement of the Clarence Head dykes is the exploitation of concentric zones of extension around a depleting and collapsing plume source. While the paleomagnetism of most Clarence Head dykes agrees with that of the Franklin dykes, two dykes have anomalous remanence directions, interpreted to be a chemical remanent magnetization carried by pyrrhotite. The pyrrhotite was likely deposited from fluids mobilized southward from the Devonian Ellesmerian Orogeny to the north that used the interiors of the dykes as conduits and precipitated pyrrhotite en route.

scholarly journals Paleocene/Eocene carbon feedbacks triggered by volcanic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sev Kender ◽  
Kara Bogus ◽  
Gunver K. Pedersen ◽  
Karen Dybkjær ◽  
Tamsin A. Mather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Carbon Reservoir ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
North Atlantic Igneous Province

AbstractThe Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a period of geologically-rapid carbon release and global warming ~56 million years ago. Although modelling, outcrop and proxy records suggest volcanic carbon release occurred, it has not yet been possible to identify the PETM trigger, or if multiple reservoirs of carbon were involved. Here we report elevated levels of mercury relative to organic carbon—a proxy for volcanism—directly preceding and within the early PETM from two North Sea sedimentary cores, signifying pulsed volcanism from the North Atlantic Igneous Province likely provided the trigger and subsequently sustained elevated CO2. However, the PETM onset coincides with a mercury low, suggesting at least one other carbon reservoir released significant greenhouse gases in response to initial warming. Our results support the existence of ‘tipping points’ in the Earth system, which can trigger release of additional carbon reservoirs and drive Earth’s climate into a hotter state.

scholarly journals Introduction: from the British Tertiary into the future – modern perspectives on the British Palaeogene and North Atlantic Igneous provinces

2009 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGAL A. JERRAM ◽  
KATHRYN M. GOODENOUGH ◽  
VALENTIN R. TROLL
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Igneous Provinces ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Dyke Swarms

The study of volcanic rocks and igneous centres has long been a classic part of geological research. Despite the lack of active volcanism, the British Isles have been a key centre for the study of igneous rocks ever since ancient lava flows and excavated igneous centres were recognized there in the 18th century (Hutton, 1788). This led to some of the earliest detailed studies of petrology. The starting point for many of these studies was the British Palaeogene Igneous Province (BPIP; formerly known as the ‘British Tertiary’ (Judd, 1889), and still recognized by this name by many geologists around the globe). This collection of lavas, volcanic centres and sill/dyke swarms covers much of the west of Scotland and the Antrim plateau of Northern Ireland, and together with similar rocks in the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland forms a world-class Large Igneous Province. This North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) began to form through continental rifting above a mantle plume at c. 60 Ma, and subsequently evolved as North America separated from Europe, creating the North Atlantic Ocean.

Formation of the North–South Seismic Zone and Emeishan Large Igneous Province in Central China: Insights from P-Wave Teleseismic Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 3064-3076
Author(s):  
Chuansong He ◽  
M. Santosh
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Teleseismic Tomography ◽  
Emeishan Large Igneous Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Stress Accumulation

ABSTRACT The geodynamic features of the north–south seismic zone (NSSZ) and the formation of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) in China remain controversial. In this study, we conducted detailed P-wave teleseismic tomography studies in the NSSZ and adjacent regions. The results revealed large high-velocity anomalies beneath the Songpan–Ganzi Block and the South China Block, possibly representing large-scale lithospheric delamination. We further identified low-velocity structures at 50–200 km depths in the western and southern parts of the NSSZ, suggesting an upwelling asthenosphere induced by delamination and the absence of a rigid lithosphere. Two high-velocity structures beneath the Sichuan basin and the Alashan block were also revealed, which may represent the lithospheric roots of these structures. These rigid lithospheric roots may have obstructed the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan plateau and led to stress accumulation and release (triggering earthquakes) in the Longmenshan Orogenic Belt and the northern part of the NSSZ. Because of this obstruction, the eastward extrusion was redirected southeastward to Yunnan in the southern part of the NSSZ, which led to stress accumulation and release causing earthquakes along the Honghe and Xiaojiang faults. The results from this study reveal a high-velocity structure with a subducted slab-like appearance that may represent vestiges of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic lithosphere, which subducted beneath the ELIP and initiating large-scale mantle return flow or mantle upwelling, contributing to the formation of the ELIP.

scholarly journals Nature of Cretaceous dolerite dikes with two distinct trends in the Damodar Valley, eastern India: Constraints on their linkage to mantle plumes and large igneous provinces from 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and geochemistry

Lithosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Srivastava ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Wenbei Shi ◽  
Anup K. Sinha ◽  
Kenneth L. Buchan
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Mantle Plumes ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Group I ◽  
Igneous Provinces ◽  
Damodar Valley ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Reunion Plume

Abstract Two distinct sets of Cretaceous dolerite dikes intrude the Chhotanagpur gneissic complex of eastern India, mostly within the Damodar Valley Gondwanan sedimentary basins. One dike set trends NNE to ENE, whereas the other set, which includes the prominent Salma dike, trends NW to NNW. One dike from each set in the Raniganj Basin was dated using the 40Ar/39Ar method in order to resolve a controversy concerning the emplacement age of the Salma dike. The NE-trending dike yielded a plateau age of 70.5 ± 0.9 Ma, whereas the NNW-trending Salma dike is much older, with a plateau age of 116.0 ± 1.4 Ma. These results demonstrate that the Salma dike was emplaced at ca. 116 Ma and not at ca. 65 Ma, as suggested in an earlier study. Geochemical characteristics of the two dikes are also distinct and indicate that they belong to previously identified high-Ti and low-Ti dolerite groups, respectively. The observed geochemical characteristics of both dike sets are comparable with the geochemistry of basalts of the Kerguelen Plateau, Bunbury Island, and Rajmahal Group I and suggest a connection to mantle plumes. The new age data presented herein indicate that these two magmatic episodes in the eastern Indian Shield were related to the ca. 120–100 Ma Kerguelen mantle plume and its associated Greater Kerguelen large igneous province and the ca. 70–65 Ma Réunion plume and its associated Deccan large igneous province, respectively.

A 1.78 Ga large igneous province in the North China craton: The Xiong'er Volcanic Province and the North China dyke swarm

Lithos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 260-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Peng ◽  
Mingguo Zhai ◽  
Richard E. Ernst ◽  
Jinghui Guo ◽  
Fu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
North China ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Dyke Swarm ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Igneous Province
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