The comparative analysis of the Hungarian and European methodology of discharge measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Keve ◽  
János Sziebert ◽  
Dániel Koch ◽  
Enikő Anna Tamás ◽  
György Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Discharge Measurement ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scientific Value

<p>According to the climate change and Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) the analysis od the status of waterbodies and their continuous monitoring has to be carried out based on unified methodologies and standards. Individual prescriptions have to be in harmony with national and international standards, in order to ensure equal scientific value and comparability of the data. The international standard EN ISO 748 entitled „Hydrometry - Measurement of liquid flow in open channels using current-meters or floats” was issued in 2008. This standard is based on the discharge measurement methods in the European Union (EU) and it differs in some aspects from the Hungarian standard (ME-10-231-16:2009). The goal of our study was to identify and answer the questions related to the introduction of this standard into Hungarian practice. The issue is crucial for the hydrometry units of Hungarian Water Directorates, as if the introduction of a new standard is not correctly substantiated the consequences can include avoidable economical burdens and/or changes in the quality of data. The research was initiated and financed by the Hungarian General Directorate of Water management and targeted at the comparative analysis of the measurement and calculation methodologies of the two standards, carried out on watercourses in Hungary. Thus we have executed a series of measurements in 31 cross-sections on 18 different watercourses in Hungary. Based on our results we can state that the difference between the results of the different methodologies generally does not exceed the uncertainties originating from the measurements themselves. Under specific circumstances (e.g. very low flow velocities) the effect of the chosen methodology can be significant.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Design Specifications: Raft Foundation, Pile Foundation, and Piled Raft Foundation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3099
Author(s):  
Assel Zhanabayeva ◽  
Nazerke Sagidullina ◽  
Jong Kim ◽  
Alfrendo Satyanaga ◽  
Deuckhang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Piled Raft ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Piled Raft Foundation ◽  
Raft Foundation ◽  
Eurocode 7 ◽  
Elastic Settlement ◽  
Geotechnical Design ◽  
The Difference

The introduction of Eurocode in Kazakhstan allows for the application of modern technological innovations and the elimination of technical barriers for the realization of international projects. It is significant to study the international standards and design requirements provided in Eurocode. This study presents a comparative analysis of Kazakhstani and European approaches for the geotechnical design of foundations and provides the design methods in the considered codes of practice. Three different types of foundations (i.e., raft, pile, and piled raft foundations) were designed following SP RK 5.01-102-2013—Foundations of buildings and structures, SP RK 5.01-103-2013—Pile foundations, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design for the Nur-Sultan soil profile. For all three types of foundations, the calculated results of bearing resistance and elastic settlement showed the conservativeness of Eurocode over SNiP-based Kazakhstani building regulations, as the values of bearing resistance and elastic settlement adhering to Kazakhstani code exceeded the Eurocode values. The difference between the obtained results can be explained by the application of higher values of partial safety factors by Eurocode 7. Sensitivity analysis of the bearing resistance on foundation parameters (i.e., raft foundation width and pile length) for the Kazakhstani and European approaches was performed to support the conclusions of the study.

scholarly journals International Records Management and Archives Terminology Systems Standardized by ISO and IEC

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Luidmila N. Varlamova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Storage

Nowadays terminology issues are getting more and more important due to the introduction of informational technologies into all professional areas including records and archives management. But are the terminological systems used in records management, archives and IT well coordinated? There are international organizations on standardization (e.g. ISO and IEC) which are responsible for the compatibility of international terminology through developing international standards. This article presents the results of our research into the main ISO and IEC standards (e.g. ISO 5127-2017, ISO 15489-2016) used in records and archives management and IT in terms of compatibility of standardized international terminology in these spheres. The main method of our research was the comparative analysis of various definitions of the same terms given in international standards created for experts in the above mentioned areas. Understanding the difference between the «data», «document», «record» is very important for choosing the ways of the protection and storage of the actual objects denoted by these terms. The research has shown that it is too early to speak about the compatibility of terminological systems even used in such close areas as records management and archives. The same is actual for IT terminology when it penetrates these spheres. Yet their terminological systems do not seem fully integrated even in ISO and IEC standards elaborated for these professional areas. However, it will be practically impossible to develop these spheres without coordinating their terminological systems. ISO and IEC standards might be real tools for solving this problem but they are still not appropriately used.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis on International Refugee Law and Temporary Protection in the Context of Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
Dikran M. Zenginkuzucu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
International Refugee Law

The Syrian civil war prompted a large number of people to flee their country and seek asylum in other countries, making Turkey a leading host country with around 3.6 million of asylum seekers. Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey are under temporary protection regime. This article examines Turkish temporary protection regime in comparison with international protection standards and human rights law, especially with the UNHCR Guideline and European Union legislation on temporary protection and European Court on Human Rights judgements. In this respect, this article argues that Turkish legislation has met the fundamental requirements of international protection law and standards, however, still needs to be improved in some crucial areas. In this regard, the international protection law and the difference between the status of refugee and temporary protection is explored. Subsequently, declaration of temporary protection in case of a mass-influx, the rights and freedoms covered under temporary protection, non-refoulement principle and termination of temporary protection regime under Turkish Temporary Protection Regulation are discussed and compared with the international standards. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for the improvement are deduced from this discussion.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 42 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG JAMINAN FIDUSIA DENGAN FATWA NOMOR 68/DSN-MUI/III/2008 TENTANG RAHN TASJILY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Witra Yosi ◽  
Aidil Alfin ◽  
Basri Na'ali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
Proof Of Ownership ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Binding Agreement

<p><em>This article discusses the substance of fiduciary guarantees according to Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning fiduciary guarantees with the substance rahn tasjily according to fatwa Number 68 / DSN-MUI / III / 2008. In addition, it is also to find out the legal comparison between fiduciary guarantees according to Law Number 42 Year 1999 and rahn tasjily according to fatwa Number 68 / DSN-MUI / III / 2008. The method used in this research is descriptive comparative analysis. Namely by comparing the substance of fiduciary guarantees according to Law Number 42 of 1999 with rahn tasjily according to DSN Fatwa Number 68 of 2008 as well as the similarities and differences between the two. The conclusion of this research is that the substance of the fiduciary guarantee according to Law No. 42 of 1999 is an agreement in which the debtor binds his agreement to the creditor for the accounts receivable debt which makes proof of ownership of an object to be used as collateral accompanied by an interest. While the substance of rahn tasjily according to fatwa Number 68 / DSN-MUI / III / 2008, namely the rahin binding agreement to the murtahin by using the qardh agreement (accounts receivable debt) accompanied by a collateral / collateral in which the collateral remains in control (utilization) rahin and proof of ownership submitted to the murtahin and ijarah rates in exchange for the cost of maintaining proof of ownership of the collateral. The legal comparison between fiduciary guarantees according to Law Number 42 of 1999 and rahn tasjily according to fatwa Number 68 / DSN-MUI / III / 2008 has similarities in the status of the collateral, the form of the agreement, subject, termination or deletion of the agreement and the method of execution of the object be a collateral object. While the difference lies in the maintenance of objects that are used as collateral for debt, in terms of binding guarantees, in terms of cancellation or transfer of rights by one party, in terms of the transfer of ownership rights and in terms of the mechanism of practice.</em><em></em></p>

GREENLAND INDEPENDENCE – A VOICE IN THE DISCUSSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (XIX) ◽  
pp. 233-255
Author(s):  
Dariusz Rozmus
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

The pursuit of independence is deeply rooted in the soul of the inhabitants of Greenland. The difference in the approach to this problem amounts to the establishment of the time and the conditions on the basis of which Greenland is supposed to become independent. The island, which is the greatest island in the world, has huge deposits of minerals, including metals of rare-earth metals and uranium. On the one hand, complete independence may be an opportunity for the development for the inhabitants but on the other hand, independence may also become a source of numerous dangers. Is Greenland, a country with a slight native population, able to cope – in terms of organisation and the available staff – with the expansion of foreign capital, including the great numbers of foreign workers who are engaged in the development of industrial infrastructure? Is it not better to continue the status quo – a relationship (even a loose one) with Denmark, and thus a relationship with the European Union? A close relationship with the EU and the NATO may, in the future, be consistent with the interests of Greenlanders. In the remote and in the most recent past, Greenland was colonised by the peoples of the Far North (paleo-Eskimo and Eskimo peoples) and Scandinavians. Both Scandinavians – in the early Middle Ages – and subsequently the Inuit populated abandoned lands, lands which belonged to no one. To put it explicitly, no one stole land from anyone. Therefore it is important that in the discussion about the problem of independence which continues between Greenlanders and Danes one should not place historical problems as questions which render dialogue difficult.

scholarly journals River minimum flow changes under dammed reservoir conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Edmund Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The main aim of this study was to assess what range of downstream low flow changes is caused by dam construction directly. An investigation was based on the assumption that the difference in change ratio of flow between gauging cross-sections located downstream and upstream position of dammed reservoir identifies the scope of changes determined by dam construction. Three dammed reservoirs located on Polish rivers were selected for analysis. They were different in size, hydrological regime and water management purposes. For each reservoir pair of water, gauges were selected. The input data were daily discharge series collected by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. For each time series 20-year period before and after dam construction was established. Comparison of annual minimum flow ratios for these peri-ods as well as analysis of low flow dynamics and inertia allowed to identify range and direction of changes caused by investigated reservoirs.

The ‘Arab Spring’ and the Extraordinary Influx of People who Arrived in Italy from North Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Nascimbene ◽  
Bruno Nascimbene ◽  
Alessia Di Pascale
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Italian Coasts ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The ‘Arab spring’ which spread in early 2011 and the consequent exceptional influx of people that arrived on the Italian coasts from North Africa put the national reception and asylum systems under particular pressure, also raising the debate on the status to be attributed to these people. Faced with a situation out of the ordinary, Italy immediately addressed a request for help to the European Union, which has revealed the difference of views and mistrust existing between Member States in relation to these issues. This episode also calls into question the scope and effectiveness of the EU migration management framework, particularly in case of strong and unexpected pressure, and its implementation in a true spirit of solidarity.

scholarly journals A Comparative Legal Analysis of the Right of Association in Trade Unions in Ukraine and the Countries of the European Union

Teisė ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Serhii Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right

The constitutional regulation of the status of trade unions in Ukraine has incorporated all international standards and, in comparison with some constitutions of the states of the European Union, contains detailed regulation of this right. The effective functioning of the institution of trade unions can have a significant impact not only on the protection of the social and economic rights of workers in the process of interaction with employers, but also influence the public authorities in order to optimize the implementation of social policy at the national level and reduce social tension.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

The European Charter of Local Self-Government

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Himsworth
Keyword(s):  
Critical Study ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Authorities

The first critical study of the 1985 international treaty that guarantees the status of local self-government (local autonomy). Chris Himsworth analyses the text of the 1985 European Charter of Local Self-Government and its Additional Protocol; traces the Charter’s historical emergence; and explains how it has been applied and interpreted, especially in a process of monitoring/treaty enforcement by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities but also in domestic courts, throughout Europe. Locating the Charter’s own history within the broader recent history of the Council of Europe and the European Union, the book closes with an assessment of the Charter’s future prospects.

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