scholarly journals River minimum flow changes under dammed reservoir conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Edmund Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The main aim of this study was to assess what range of downstream low flow changes is caused by dam construction directly. An investigation was based on the assumption that the difference in change ratio of flow between gauging cross-sections located downstream and upstream position of dammed reservoir identifies the scope of changes determined by dam construction. Three dammed reservoirs located on Polish rivers were selected for analysis. They were different in size, hydrological regime and water management purposes. For each reservoir pair of water, gauges were selected. The input data were daily discharge series collected by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. For each time series 20-year period before and after dam construction was established. Comparison of annual minimum flow ratios for these peri-ods as well as analysis of low flow dynamics and inertia allowed to identify range and direction of changes caused by investigated reservoirs.

scholarly journals Assessing flow regime alterations in a temporary river – the River Celone case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria De Girolamo ◽  
Antonio Lo Porto ◽  
Giuseppe Pappagallo ◽  
Francesc Gallart
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporary River

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach to evaluate the hydrological alterations of a temporary river. In these rivers, it is expected that anthropogenic pressures largely modify low-flow components of the flow regime with consequences for aquatic habitat and diversity in invertebrate species. First, by using a simple hydrological index (IARI) river segments of the Celone stream (southern Italy) whose hydrological regime is significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities have been identified. Hydrological alteration has been further classified through the analysis of two metrics: the degree (Mf) and the predictability of dry flow conditions (Sd6). Measured streamflow data were used to calculate the metrics in present conditions (impacted). Given the lack of data from pristine conditions, simulated streamflow time series were used to calculate the metrics in reference conditions. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to estimate daily natural streamflow. Hydrological alterations associated with water abstractions, point discharges and the presence of a reservoir were assessed by comparing the metrics (Mf, Sd6) before and after the impacts. The results show that the hydrological regime of the river segment located in the upper part of the basin is slightly altered, while the regime of the river segment downstream of the reservoir is heavily altered. This approach is intended for use with ecological metrics in defining the water quality status and in planning streamflow management activities.

The comparative analysis of the Hungarian and European methodology of discharge measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Keve ◽  
János Sziebert ◽  
Dániel Koch ◽  
Enikő Anna Tamás ◽  
György Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Discharge Measurement ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scientific Value

<p>According to the climate change and Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) the analysis od the status of waterbodies and their continuous monitoring has to be carried out based on unified methodologies and standards. Individual prescriptions have to be in harmony with national and international standards, in order to ensure equal scientific value and comparability of the data. The international standard EN ISO 748 entitled „Hydrometry - Measurement of liquid flow in open channels using current-meters or floats” was issued in 2008. This standard is based on the discharge measurement methods in the European Union (EU) and it differs in some aspects from the Hungarian standard (ME-10-231-16:2009). The goal of our study was to identify and answer the questions related to the introduction of this standard into Hungarian practice. The issue is crucial for the hydrometry units of Hungarian Water Directorates, as if the introduction of a new standard is not correctly substantiated the consequences can include avoidable economical burdens and/or changes in the quality of data. The research was initiated and financed by the Hungarian General Directorate of Water management and targeted at the comparative analysis of the measurement and calculation methodologies of the two standards, carried out on watercourses in Hungary. Thus we have executed a series of measurements in 31 cross-sections on 18 different watercourses in Hungary. Based on our results we can state that the difference between the results of the different methodologies generally does not exceed the uncertainties originating from the measurements themselves. Under specific circumstances (e.g. very low flow velocities) the effect of the chosen methodology can be significant.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of the Anomaly of Hydrological Analysis Tools used in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Shrestha ◽  
S Chaudhary ◽  
RK Maskey ◽  
G Rajkarnikar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
River System ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Hydrological Data ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analytical Tools

The diverse physiographic and hydrological regime has booned Nepal with high potential of water resource projects. But these projects depend highly on hydrological data for which hydrometeorological stations need to be established. Their establishment, because of difficult topographic feature of Nepal and the high cost of installation, operation and maintenance, becomes feasible only for big projects. And thus hydrological data are needed to be predicted for small scale projects. These predictions for a given ungauged river system at particular location are facilitated by empirical methods such as WECS/DHM (Water and Energy Commission Secretariat/ Department of Hydrology and Meteorology) and MIP (Medium Irrigation Project) which have been used since its development without upgrading and checking its reliability. The objective of this study is to compare the anomaly of flow predicted by WECS/DHM and MIP method and determine reliability of minimum flow predicted by the methods. The anomaly of the method is presented by comparing the mean DHM monthly flow with the mean of predicted monthly flow for each of the seven rivers from Central and Western Development Region. Both methods give variable deviation for different periods of time for all the rivers. MIP method gives reliable prediction only if the discharge measurement is done during the dry period (November–April). The reliability of these methods is checked for estimating minimum flow by calculating the percentage of time discharge (minimum predicted flow) will be exceeded. WECS/DHM has given higher reliability for the minimum flow than MIP method. MIP (D) method has given good approximation to the DHM dry period flow than MIP (A). While analyzing the low flow, lower predicted value given by either of these methods when used gives good approximation. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction there is requirement of modification of these Hydrological Analytical tools. Keywords: hydrological data; WECS/DHM method; MIP method; ungauged river; MIP (D); MIP (A) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v7i1.5614 JHM 2010; 7(1): 30-39

Absolute inner-shell cross section determination for EELS analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
P.A. Crozier
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Absolute Cross Section ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Mass Thickness ◽  
Scattering Cross ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Estimated Error ◽  
Scattering Cross Sections ◽  
Electron Microscopist

Absolute inelastic scattering cross sections or mean free paths are often used in EELS analysis for determining elemental concentrations and specimen thickness. In most instances, theoretical values must be used because there have been few attempts to determine experimental scattering cross sections from solids under the conditions of interest to electron microscopist. In addition to providing data for spectral quantitation, absolute cross section measurements yields useful information on many of the approximations which are frequently involved in EELS analysis procedures. In this paper, experimental cross sections are presented for some inner-shell edges of Al, Cu, Ag and Au.Uniform thin films of the previously mentioned materials were prepared by vacuum evaporation onto microscope cover slips. The cover slips were weighed before and after evaporation to determine the mass thickness of the films. The estimated error in this method of determining mass thickness was ±7 x 107g/cm2. The films were floated off in water and mounted on Cu grids.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Changes in Platelet Aggregability after Ovariectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1332-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takeshi Motomiya ◽  
Minoru Sonoda ◽  
Noboru Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryChanges in platelets in 48 patients with uterine myoma before and after hysterectomy with and without ovariectomy were examined. Bilateral ovariectomy in 25 cases (ovariec-tomized group) and unilateral or non-ovariectomy in 23 cases (control group) were performed at the hysterectomy. Platelet count and an appearance rate of secondary aggregation decreased at one day after and increased at one week after the operation, similarly in both the ovariectomized and the control group. The appearance rate of secondary aggregation was reflected in an intensity of aggregation at 5 min after the addition of reagent to PRP. At one month after the operation, the appearance rate of secondary aggregation induced by 3 μM ADP showed a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperation value (P <0.05) and the enhancement of 5-min aggregation was still observed in the control group, while ceased in the ovariectomized group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was almost no change in the speed and intensity of primary and secondary aggregation during the observation period. No significant differences in collagen-induced aggregation were noted between the two groups. The results suggest that ovarian hormones, mainly estrogen, facilitate platelet activation which is mediated by the so-called secondary aggregation.

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI UPT PANTI WREDHA BUDHI DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Setyaningrum ◽  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Fachruddin Tri Fitrianta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases, because this disease is suffered byboth men and women, as well as adults and young people. Treatment of hypertension does not onlyrely on medications from the doctor or regulate diet alone, but it is also important to make our bodyalways relaxed. Laughter can help to control blood pressure by reducing endocrine stress andcreating a relaxed condition to deal with relaxation.Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy ondecreasing elderly blood pressure in UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta.Methods: The design used in this study is a pre-experimental design study with one group pre-posttestresearch design where there is no control group (comparison). The population in this study wereelderly aged over> 60 years at 55 UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The method oftaking in this study uses total sampling. The sample in this study were 55 elderly. Data analysis wasused to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after laughing therapy with a ratio datascale that was using Pairs T-TestResult: There is an effect of laughing therapy on blood pressure in the elderly at UPT Panti WredhaBudhi Dharma Yogyakarta marked with a significant value of 0.000 (P <0.05)

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

Automatic Tread Gaging Machine

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Handling Device ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Straight Lines

Abstract An automatic tread gaging machine has been developed. It consists of three component systems: (1) a laser gaging head, (2) a tire handling device, and (3) a computer that controls the movement of the tire handling machine, processes the data, and computes the least-squares straight line from which a wear rate may be estimated. Experimental tests show that the machine has good repeatability. In comparisons with measurements obtained by a hand gage, the automatic machine gives smaller average groove depths. The difference before and after a period of wear for both methods of measurement are the same. Wear rates estimated from the slopes of straight lines fitted to both sets of data are not significantly different.

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