Seasonal variation of microplastics ingested by copepods in Jiaozhou Bay, the Yellow Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Zheng ◽  
Xiaoxia Sun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

<p>Microplastic (MP) contamination is a growing threat to marine biota and ecosystems. As the dominant functional group of zooplankton, copepods are at an increased risk of MP ingestion. The seasonal change in MPs in copepods and the key environmental factors influencing the retention of MPs in copepods are largely unknown. For the first time, the characteristics of MPs in copepods across four seasons were studied in Jiaozhou Bay. The abundance, shape, size, and chemical composition of MPs in copepods were investigated, and the relationships between MP/copepod and key environmental factors were analyzed. The results reveal a significant seasonal difference in the MP/copepod in Jiaozhou Bay. The MP/copepod was 0.26, 0.23, 0.14 and 0.16 in February, May, August and November, respectively. The MP/copepod was significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer, which was possibly correlated with the lower temperature in winter and spring seasons. Seawater temperature was negatively correlated with the MP/copepod value. The MP/copepod in the area near the estuary was significantly higher than inside the bay. No significant seasonal differences were detected in the characteristics of MPs in copepods in Jiaozhou Bay. The size of MPs in copepods ranged from 90 to 2485 μm, with an average of 454±376 μm. Fibers are the most risky MPs in copepods, accounting for 92% of the total. In terms of the chemical composition, a total of 20 polymers were detected from copepods in Jiaozhou Bay in four seasons. The main components were polyester and cellophane. The percentages of polyester were 29.4%, 45.5%, 41.2%, and 57.1%, and those of cellophane were 52.9%, 18.2%, 11.8%, and 28.6% in February, May, August and November, respectively. By revealing the seasonal characteristics of copepods in Jiaozhou Bay, this study provided key parameters of MPs in copepods in Jiaozhou Bay and formed an important basis for further ecological risk assessment of MPs. The chronic effects of low MP retention on copepods, the impact of fibers on copepods, and the risk assessments of MPs under different environmental conditions were recommended as the research topic for the next step to achieve an environmentally relevant risk assessment.</p>

Seasonal variation of microplastics in seawater and zooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay, the Yellow Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Sun
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Four Seasons

<p>Plastic pollution is a globally concerning issue in marine environments. There is currently little research about the seasonal changes in microplastics in coastal areas. Here, we report a seasonal study on the concentrations and characteristics of microplastics in the surface seawater and zooplankton of Jiaozhou Bay, a typical bay in the west Yellow Sea. The concentrations of microplastics in the surface water of Jiaozhou Bay were 0.063, 0.174, 0.094, and 0.050 pieces/m<sup>3 </sup>in February, May, August and November, respectively, with an annual average concentration of 0.095 pieces/m<sup>3</sup>, a low value compared with the plastic concentrations of other coastal areas. The size of the collected microplastics ranged from 346 to 155200 μm, with an average of 5093 μm. The overall percentages of fibers, fragments and plastic foams were 29%, 55% and 16%, respectively. Fragments were the most dominant shape in four seasons. Nine plastic polymers were detected from the surface water of Jiaozhou Bay. The dominant chemical composition was polypropylene (PP), accounting for 51.04% of polymers, followed by polyethylene (PE), accounting for 26.04% of polymers. The seasonal variation of plastic characteristics in Jiaozhou Bay, including the shape, color and chemical composition, was significant. The highest concentration of plastics occurred in May and the lowest concentration of plastics occurred in November. Strong rainfall resulted in an increase in the plastic concentration in May, and winds and eddies affected the spatial distribution of plastics in Jiaozhou Bay. Focused on the dominant zooplankton groups in Jiaozhou Bay, the morphology, color, size, chemical composition and quantity of MPs in zooplankton were investigated in Jiaozhou Bay. The results showed that the MPs in zooplankton of the Jiaozhou Bay were dominated by fibers. The proportions of fiber in February, May, August and November were 91%, 88%, 89% and 88%, respectively. The average size of MPs in zooplankton was 441±2, 468±2, 576±2, and 379±4μm in the four seasons. For the 2 common zooplankton groups in the 4 seasons, the MP/zooplankton was 0.3, 0.26, 0.17, 0.19 for copepod, and 0.22, 0.19, 0.17, 0.45 for chaetognath, respectively.</p>

Gene–environment interplay in the etiology of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1925-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Zwicker ◽  
Eileen M. Denovan-Wright ◽  
Rudolf Uher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSchizophrenia and other types of psychosis incur suffering, high health care costs and loss of human potential, due to the combination of early onset and poor response to treatment. Our ability to prevent or cure psychosis depends on knowledge of causal mechanisms. Molecular genetic studies show that thousands of common and rare variants contribute to the genetic risk for psychosis. Epidemiological studies have identified many environmental factors associated with increased risk of psychosis. However, no single genetic or environmental factor is sufficient to cause psychosis on its own. The risk of developing psychosis increases with the accumulation of many genetic risk variants and exposures to multiple adverse environmental factors. Additionally, the impact of environmental exposures likely depends on genetic factors, through gene–environment interactions. Only a few specific gene–environment combinations that lead to increased risk of psychosis have been identified to date. An example of replicable gene–environment interaction is a common polymorphism in theAKT1gene that makes its carriers sensitive to developing psychosis with regular cannabis use. A synthesis of results from twin studies, molecular genetics, and epidemiological research outlines the many genetic and environmental factors contributing to psychosis. The interplay between these factors needs to be considered to draw a complete picture of etiology. To reach a more complete explanation of psychosis that can inform preventive strategies, future research should focus on longitudinal assessments of multiple environmental exposures within large, genotyped cohorts beginning early in life.

The Association between TREM2 Gene and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease in Chinese Han Population

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Yun-Ke Zhang ◽  
Hai Chen ◽  
Ren-Shou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Risk

Objective: : The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in triggering receptor expressed on the myeloid cells 2 protein (TREM2) gene and their interaction with environmental factors and haplotypes on late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Methods: DNA was extracted from the whole blood of the participants and genotyped using PCR and followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the 4 SNPs of the TREM2 gene and the risk of LOAD. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to test the best interaction combination between SNPs and environmental factors. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that the T allele of rs75932628 and the T allele of rs2234253 were independently associated with increased risk of LOAD, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.81 (1.271–2.35) and 1.59 (1.15–2.03), respectively. However, there was no significant association with LOAD for rs142232675 and rs143332484. We found a best model significantly associated with LOAD risk that consisted of rs75932628 and smoking, which scored 10/10 for both the sign test and cross-validation consistency (p = 0.012). Stratified analysis indicated that current smokers with rs75932628-CT/TT genotype have the highest LOAD risk compared to never smokers with rs75932628 – CC genotype, OR (95% confidence interval) = 2.73 (1.72–3.79). Haplotypes of rs75932628 and rs2234253 were analyzed using the SHEsis online software. However, no haplotype was found to be significantly associated with the risk of LOAD. Conclusions: The T allele of rs75932628 and the T allele of rs2234253 and interaction between rs75932628 and smoking were all correlated with increased risk of LOAD.

Early life environment: does it have implications for predisposition to disease?

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nola Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postnatal Factors

Early life environmental factors have been associated with altered predisposition to a variety of pathologies. A considerable literature examines pre- and postnatal factors associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic (i.e. insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia) and psychiatric disease, and the importance of hormonal programming. The brain is exquisitely sensitive to environmental inputs during development and the stress responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been shown to be both up- and down-regulated by early life exposure to limited nutrition, stress, altered maternal behaviors, synthetic steroids and inflammation. It has been suggested that peri-natal programming of HPA axis regulation might therefore contribute to metabolic and psychiatric disease etiology. In addition, glucocorticoids play modulatory roles regulating many aspects of immune function, notably controlling both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Neuroendocrine–immune communication is bidirectional, and therefore it is expected that environmental factors altering HPA regulation have implications for stress effects on immune function and predisposition to inflammation. The impact of pre- and postnatal factors altering immune function, stress responsivity and predisposition to inflammatory disease are reviewed. It is also examined whether the early ‘immune environment’ might similarly influence predisposition to disease and alter neuroendocrine function. Evidence indicating a role for early life inflammation and infection as an important factor programming the neuroendocrine–immune axis and altering predisposition to disease is considered.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of thromboembolic events in hospitalized cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Nichetti ◽  
Francesca Ligorio ◽  
Giulia Montelatici ◽  
Luca Porcu ◽  
Emma Zattarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHospitalized cancer patients are at increased risk for Thromboembolic Events (TEs). As untailored thromboprophylaxis is associated with hemorrhagic complications, the definition of a risk-assessment model (RAM) in this population is needed. INDICATE was a prospective observational study enrolling hospitalized cancer patients, with the primary objective of assessing the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for TEs during hospitalization and within 45 days from discharge of low-grade Khorana Score (KS = 0). Secondary objectives were to assess KS Positive Predictive Value (PPV), the impact of TEs on survival and the development of a new RAM. Assuming 7% of TEs in KS = 0 patients as unsatisfactory percentage and 3% of as satisfactory, 149 patients were needed to detect the favorable NPV with one-sided α = 0.10 and power = 0.80. Stepwise logistic regression was adopted to identify variables included in a new RAM. Among 535 enrolled patients, 153 (28.6%) had a KS = 0. The primary study objective was met: 29 (5.4%) TEs were diagnosed, with 7 (4.6%) cases in the KS = 0 group (NPV = 95.4%, 95% CI 90.8–98.1%; one-sided p = 0.084). However, the PPV was low (5.7%, 95% CI 1.9–12.8%); a new RAM based on albumin (OR 0.34, p = 0.003), log(LDH) (OR 1.89, p = 0.023) and presence of vascular compression (OR 5.32, p < 0.001) was developed and internally validated. Also, TEs were associated with poorer OS (median, 5.7 vs 24.8 months, p < 0.001). INDICATE showed that the KS has a good NPV but poor PPV for TEs in hospitalized cancer patients. A new RAM was developed, and deserves further assessment in external cohorts.

Assessment of cumulative impacts and coastal ecosystem health in the JiaoZhou Bay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Hu ◽  
Murray Logan ◽  
XiaoXia Sun ◽  
Richard Brinkman ◽  
Song Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Coastal Pollution ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Ecosystem Health Assessment ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Coastal areas are under compounding pressures from urbanization, industrialization, infrastructure growth, and aquaculture.&amp;#160; There is hence an urgent need for developing solutions for coastal pollution and ecosystem safety. In this work, based on our long-term and multidisciplinary ecosystem monitoring data, we develop tools to translate the observing data into management information to sustainable coastal use and development. From the existing data and experimental studies, we develop approaches to understand key processes and factors controlling coastal ecosystems and to define thresholds and guidelines values of ecological parameters to determine. With focus on marine ecosystem health assessment, we use the integrating data to describe ecosystem condition, its potential trend and the impact of existing pressures. This present study initially focused on the coastal area of the Yellow Sea, in the JIAOZHOU Bay. The technique of the structured research can be applied to other coastal regions as well to understand how these ecosystems respond to local and global pressures.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals АSSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK DRIVERS OF SPECIALIZED VEHICLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
S. V. Grebenkov ◽  
L. V. Dovgysha ◽  
E. B. Kolesova ◽  
Ya. M. Sukhova ◽  
S. B. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. The problem of preservation of the health of drivers is a topical for most of countries. In the process of working, the mentioned group is exposed to a complex of harmful occupational factors, that both leads to an elevated increased risk for health disorders and increases the risk of road accidents. However, in available sources it was not possible to reveal reports devoted to the study of the impact of the labor conditions of drivers on various health indices on the base of the methodology of occupational risk assessment. The aim of the study is to assess the occupational risk for drivers of specialized vehicles on the basis of indices of pathological affection, calculated on the results of periodic medical examinations. Material and Methods. As a core group there were selected truck drivers (n = 1050), as a comparison group - engineering and technical personnel of the enterprise (n = 1220), matched by age and social indices. The assessment of the occupational morbidity rate was carried out on the base of the analysis of fourfold tables with the use of c2 criteria. The assessment of the degree of the occupational dependence was executed with the calculation of risk indices in accordance with the Guidelines for Risk Assessment. Results. In the course of the study there were obtained results showing drivers to suffer most frequently from diseases of eyes (65.4%), circulatory system (46.6%) and digestive system (11.6%). The main reason for the recognition of drivers as unfit to drive vehicles is hypertension at the II stage and above (71.1%). Also, there is noted an increased occupational risk in drivers for such diseases such as hypertension at the I stage (RR=2.2, CI95%=1.8-2.8, EF=54.5%, a high degree of the relationship with the work); encephalopathy of the vascular genesis (RR = 1.6, CI95%=1.1-2.4, EF = 37.5%), moderate degree of the relationship with the work in the age of older 60 years - is very high); dorsopathies at the lumbosacral level (RR=2.9, CI95%=1.6-5.3, EF=65.7%), a high degree of the relationship with the work at the age of over 50 is almost total); sensorineural hearing loss (RR=1.2, CI95%=0.7-2.0, EF=16.4%), a low degree of the relationship with the work over the age of older 60 years - moderate); hyperopia (RR=2.1, CI95%=1.7-2.5, EF=52.4%, a high degree of the relationship with the work), which determines the priority of preventive measures in relation to these diseases. The potential effect of the preventive measures is most pronounced for the circulatory system diseases in total (NNT = 13.6) and hypertensive disease at the I stage (NNT = 10.0).

scholarly journals The Impact of Ski Geometry Data and Standing Height on the Risk of Falling in Recreational Alpine Skiers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9912
Author(s):  
Gerhard Ruedl ◽  
Markus Posch ◽  
Klaus Greier ◽  
Martin Faulhaber ◽  
Martin Burtscher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Standing Height ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of individual, equipment-related and environmental factors associated with falls among adult recreational skiers. Individual, equipment-related (ski geometry data) and environmental data were collected by questionnaire among uninjured skiers with and without reported falls during the skiing day. Ski length, side cut radius, and width of the waist were directly recorded from the ski and standing height was measured using a digital sliding caliper. Absolute ski length was relativized to body height. A total of 1174 recreational skiers participated in this study, of whom 13.5% (n = 158) reported at least one fall during the skiing day. Results of the multiple logistic regression analysis found that a lower age, a very good/good fitness level, a moderate skiing speed, a lower relativized ski length, and fresh and grippy snow conditions decreased, while a lower skill level, a larger sidecut radius and an easy slope difficulty increased risk of falling on ski slopes. Besides individual and environmental factors, a lower relativized ski length and a lower sidecut radius decreased the risk of falling. Considering these ski geometry parameters when buying new skis could potentially decrease the risk of falling and thus prevent injuries in recreational skiers.

scholarly journals Impact of IL-10 gene polymorphisms and its interaction with environment on susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842094591
Author(s):  
Gui-Hong Wang ◽  
Ting Zuo ◽  
Zheng-Cai Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the impact of interleukin (IL)-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and its interaction with environment on the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Chi-square testing method was used to investigate whether the distributions for genotype of four SNPs were differed from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Logistic regression was used to test the association between IL-10 SNPs and SLE risk. The best interaction combinations between IL-10 SNPs and environmental factors were assessed by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR). Both rs1800896-G and rs1800871-T alleles were associated with increased risk of SLE, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for the two SNPs were 1.68 (1.25–2.09) and 1.47 (1.12–1.94), respectively. Then, we used the GMDR method to analyze the high-order interactions of four SNPs within IL-10 gene and environmental factors on SLE risk. We found a significant interaction combination (two-locus model with P = 0.001) between rs1800896 and smoking, after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol drinking. We also used two-variable stratified analysis by logistic regression to analyze the synergistic effect between two variables (rs1800896 and smoking), which had significant significance in GMDR model. We found that current smokers with rs1800896-AG or GG genotype have the highest SLE risk, compared with never smokers with the rs1800896-AA genotype, OR (95% CI) = 2.24 (1.52–3.58). The rs1800896-G and rs1800871-T alleles and interaction between rs1800896 and current smoking were all associated with increased risk of SLE.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk management in COPD patients: impact of the new Dutch guideline

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101139
Author(s):  
Lonneke Maria Elisabeth Nies ◽  
Looijmans I ◽  
Rozendaal Rozendaal ◽  
Brenda Baar ◽  
Rimke C Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Background: Patients with COPD have an independent increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. CV-risk (CVR) assessment should be offered to all COPD-patients according to the new Dutch ‘CVR management’ (CVRM) guideline (May-2019). Aim: To evaluate the impact of this new guideline for the care of COPD-patients in primary care. Design and Setting: A retrospective study within five primary healthcare centres located in the Netherlands. Methods: In accordance with the guideline we estimated and categorized the CVR of all COPD-patients. Data from 2014–2019 were used for the qualitative risk assessment based on comorbidities, and the quantitative Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment (SCORE). In addition, we investigated the guideline-based follow-up. Results: Of the 391 COPD-patients, 84.1% (n=329) had complete data on CVR assessment: 90.3% (n=297) had a (very)-high risk and 9.7% (n=32) a low-to-moderate risk. Of the patients with (very)-high risk, 73.4% (n=218) received guideline-based follow-up (primary care: 95.4%, secondary care: 4.6%). In 15.9% (n=62) of all COPD-patients, the CVR profile was not measured and of the (very)-high-risk patients, 26.6% (n=79) was not enrolled in a CV-care program. Conclusion: Whereas in the majority of patients the CVR is already known, for one out of six COPD-patients this CVR still has to be assessed according to the recently updated guideline. Moreover, once a (very)-high risk has been assessed, as a consequence CV treatment of risk factors should be intensified in one out of four COPD-patients. Adherence to the new CVRM guideline could provide improvement in CVRM in more than a third of all COPD-patients.

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