The Association between TREM2 Gene and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease in Chinese Han Population

Objective: : The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in triggering receptor expressed on the myeloid cells 2 protein (TREM2) gene and their interaction with environmental factors and haplotypes on late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Methods: DNA was extracted from the whole blood of the participants and genotyped using PCR and followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the 4 SNPs of the TREM2 gene and the risk of LOAD. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to test the best interaction combination between SNPs and environmental factors. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that the T allele of rs75932628 and the T allele of rs2234253 were independently associated with increased risk of LOAD, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.81 (1.271–2.35) and 1.59 (1.15–2.03), respectively. However, there was no significant association with LOAD for rs142232675 and rs143332484. We found a best model significantly associated with LOAD risk that consisted of rs75932628 and smoking, which scored 10/10 for both the sign test and cross-validation consistency (p = 0.012). Stratified analysis indicated that current smokers with rs75932628-CT/TT genotype have the highest LOAD risk compared to never smokers with rs75932628 – CC genotype, OR (95% confidence interval) = 2.73 (1.72–3.79). Haplotypes of rs75932628 and rs2234253 were analyzed using the SHEsis online software. However, no haplotype was found to be significantly associated with the risk of LOAD. Conclusions: The T allele of rs75932628 and the T allele of rs2234253 and interaction between rs75932628 and smoking were all correlated with increased risk of LOAD.

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Decline of gustatory sensitivity with the progression of Alzheimer's disease

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610215001337 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 511-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mariko Sakai ◽

Manabu Ikeda ◽

Hiroaki Kazui ◽

Kazue Shigenobu ◽

Takashi Nishikawa

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

And Control ◽

Detection And Recognition

ABSTRACTBackground:Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifest various impairments in eating behavior. However, few previous studies have directly investigated the gustatory function of AD patients, and results have been inconsistent.Methods:Thirty-two AD patients (Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 0.5/1/2, respectively 11/15/6 patients) and 22 normal control participants were examined to measure detection and recognition thresholds of the four elemental tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter), and their ability to discriminate between tastes. Effects of demographic and clinical factors (age, sex, histories of alcohol and tobacco consumption, and CDR grade) on gustatory threshold were examined using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Performance was compared between AD and control groups.Results:Total threshold values (the sum of threshold grades for the four tastes) for detection and recognition of tastes were significantly higher in the AD group. Detection thresholds for sweet, salty, and bitter, and recognition thresholds for sweet and sour, were also significantly higher in the AD group. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that CDR grade was the only factor that significantly affected both total threshold values. Regarding taste discrimination, there were no significant differences between the AD group and control group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that progression of dementia severity accompanies gustatory decline. Although it seemingly paradoxical, weight loss and preference for sweet tastes are frequently, often simultaneously, observed in AD. Gustatory dysfunction may be partially involved in these symptoms. Thus, the nutritional care of patients with AD could be improved by making the taste of meals stronger, while controlling calorie and mineral intake.

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Chronic Pain After Breast Surgery: Incidence, Associated Factors and Impact on Quality of Life, an Observational Prospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53287/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gianluca Villa ◽

Raffaele Mandarano ◽

Caterina Scirè Calabrisotto ◽

Valeria Rizzelli ◽

Martina Del Duca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Breast Surgery ◽

Persistent Pain ◽

Axillary Surgery ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background. Chronic pain after breast surgery (CPBS) has a disabling impact on postoperative health conditions. Mainly because of the lack of a clear definition, inconsistency does exist in the literature concerning both the actual incidence of and the risk factors for CPBS. The aim of this prospective, observational study is to describe incidence of and risk factors for CPBS, defined in accordance with the IASP taskforce. The impact of CPBS on patients’ daily functions is also described. Methods. Adult female patients scheduled for oncological or reconstructive breast surgery at the Breast Unit of Careggi Hospital (Florence, Italy) were prospectively observed. Persistent postoperative pain was evaluated at 2 months (“pain becoming chronic”) and at 3 months (CPBS) after surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were compared in CPBS and No-CPBS groups through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. Among the 307 patients considered in this study, the incidence of “pain becoming chronic” was 25.4% [95%CI 20.6%-30.7%], while that of CPBS was 28% [95%CI 23.1%-33.4%]. The presence of persistent pain at 2 months concords with the presence of CPBS at 3 months (Cohen k coefficient 0.63, IC95% 0.54-0.73). Results from the logistic regression analysis suggest that axillary surgery (OR [95%CI], 2.99 [1.13-7.87], p=0.03), preoperative use of pain medications (OR [95%CI], 2.04 [1.20-3.46], p=0.01), and dynamic NRS values at 6 hours postoperatively (OR [95%CI], 1.28 [1.05-1.55], p=0.01) were all independent predictors for CPBS. Conclusions. Chronic pain after breast surgery is a frequent complication. The presence of an earlier form of persistent pain at 2 months after surgery concords with the occurrence of CPBS. The possibility to early detect persistent pain, particularly in those patients at high risk for CPBS, might help physicians to more effectively prevent pain chronicization. In our cohort, long-term use of analgesics for preexisting chronic pain, axillary surgery, and higher dynamic NRS values at 6 hours postoperatively were all factors associated with increased risk of developing CPBS. Trial registration: clinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04309929

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Major malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000044157.28073.dc ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 575-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Erja Kaaja ◽

Risto Kaaja ◽

Vilho Hiilesmaa

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

Low Serum

Background: The offspring of women with epilepsy are at an increased risk of major congenital malformations, but the impact of the various contributing factors remains unresolved.Method: In 1980 through 1998, the authors prospectively followed up 970 pregnancies in women with epilepsy at a single maternity clinic. Of their 979 offspring, 740 were exposed to maternal antiepileptic drugs (AED) during the first trimester of pregnancy and 239 were not exposed. Maternal AED levels and serum folate concentrations were measured at the end of the first trimester. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with the occurrence of major malformations in the fetuses and newborns.Results: Major malformations were detected in 28 fetuses (3.8%) exposed to maternal AED and in 2 (0.8%) not exposed (p = 0.02). After logistic regression analysis, the occurrence of major malformations was independently associated with use of carbamazepine (adjusted OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.0), use of valproate (4.1; 1.6 to 11), use of oxcarbazepine (10.8; 1.1 to 106), low serum folate concentration (5.8; 1.3 to 27), and low maternal level of education (3.0; 1.3 to 6.8). Major malformations were not associated with seizures during the first trimester (0.6; 0.1 to 2.9).Conclusions: Major malformations in the offspring of mothers with epilepsy are associated with use of AED during early pregnancy, and also with low serum folate concentrations and a low level of education.

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Alzheimer’s Disease and its Risk Factors: A Case-control Study

Trends in Medical Sciences ◽

10.5812/tms.113857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mojtaba Dolatshahi ◽

Sara Mahmoudi ◽

Mansour Torabi nia ◽

Vahid Kheirandish

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

Objectives: The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease is supposed to involve environmental exposure and genetic vulnerability. The present study aimed to assess the association between Alzheimer’s disease and its risk factors. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 95 Alzheimer’s disease patients and 98 matched controls. All participants (case and control groups) were examined by mini-mental state examination. This information was collected by a risk factor questionnaire from January to June 2019. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis via SPSS-22 software. Results: The findings revealed the effect of risk factors' odds ratios on the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease by logistic regression analysis. Sex (female), chronic disease, loneliness or being single, and family history showed positive associations with AD, whereas daily physical exercise, religious beliefs, high level of social communication, and male sex had negative associations with AD development (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study highlighted the difficulty of etiology and recommended that the effective interventions for social support of older people, psychological condition, chronic disease, and lifestyle may be promising preventive policies.

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Prior Admissions as a Risk Factor for Readmission in Patients Surgically Treated for Femur Fractures: Implications for a Potential Hip Fracture Bundle

Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/2151459321996169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215145932199616

Author(s):

Robert Erlichman ◽

Nicholas Kolodychuk ◽

Joseph N. Gabra ◽

Harshitha Dudipala ◽

Brook Maxhimer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Surgical Procedure ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Fracture Care ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Payment Models

Introduction: Hip fractures are a significant economic burden to our healthcare system. As there have been efforts made to create an alternative payment model for hip fracture care, it will be imperative to risk-stratify reimbursement for these medically comorbid patients. We hypothesized that patients readmitted to the hospital within 90 days would be more likely to have a recent previous hospital admission, prior to their injury. Patients with a recent prior admission could therefore be considered higher risk for readmission and increased cost. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 598 patients who underwent surgical fixation of a hip or femur fracture. Data on readmissions within 90 days of surgical procedure and previous admissions in the year prior to injury resulting in surgical procedure were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if recent prior admission had increased risk of 90-day readmission. A subgroup analysis of geriatric hip fractures and of readmitted patients were also performed. Results: Having a prior admission within one year was significantly associated (p < 0.0001) for 90-day readmission. Specifically, logistic regression analysis revealed that a prior admission was significantly associated with 90-day readmission with an odds ratio of 7.2 (95% CI: 4.8-10.9). Discussion: This patient population has a high rate of prior hospital admissions, and these prior admissions were predictive of 90-day readmission. Alternative payment models that include penalties for readmissions or fail to apply robust risk stratification may unjustly penalize hospital systems which care for more medically complex patients. Conclusions: Hip fracture patients with a recent prior admission to the hospital are at an increased risk for 90-day readmission. This information should be considered as alternative payment models are developed for hip fracture care.

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Donepezil Combined with DL-3-n-Butylphthalide Delays Cognitive Decline in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 673-681

Author(s):

Jin Wang ◽

Xiaojuan Guo ◽

Wenhui Lu ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Hong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Daily Living ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Vascular factors and mitochondria dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) has an effect in protecting mitochondria and improving microcirculation. Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect of donepezil combined NBP therapy in patients with mild-moderate AD. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study. 92 mild-moderate AD patients were classified into the donepezil alone group (n = 43) or the donepezil combined NBP group (n = 49) for 48 weeks. All patients were evaluated with Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change plus caregiver input (CIBIC-plus), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) every 12 weeks. All patients were monitored for adverse events (AEs). The efficacy was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the changes of ADAS-cog score (OR = 2.778, 95% CI: [1.087, 7. 100], p = 0.033) and ADCS-ADL score (OR = 2.733, 95% CI: [1.002, 7.459], p = 0.049) had significant difference between donepezil alone group and donepezil combined NBP group, while the changes of NPI (OR = 1.145, 95% CI: [0.463, 2.829], p = 0.769), MMSE (OR = 1.563, 95% CI: [0.615, 3.971], p = 0.348) and CIBIC-plus (OR = 2.593, 95% CI: [0.696, 9.685], p = 0.156) had no significant difference. The occurrence of AEs was similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Over the 48-week treatment period, donepezil combined NBP group had slower cognitive decline and better activities of daily living in patients with mild to moderate AD. These indicated that the multi-target therapeutic effect of NBP may be a new choice for AD treatment.

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Impact of Rehabilitation Dose on Nutritional Status at Discharge from a Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward in Malnourished Patients with Hip Fracture

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 722

Author(s):

Yusuke Ito ◽

Hidetaka Wakabayashi ◽

Shinta Nishioka ◽

Shin Nomura ◽

Ryo Momosaki

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Short Form ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Rehabilitation Ward ◽

The Impact

The object of this study is to determine the impact of the rehabilitation dose on the nutritional status at discharge from a convalescent rehabilitation ward in malnourished patients with hip fracture. This retrospective case-control study involved malnourished patients with hip fracture aged 65 years or older who had been admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward and whose data were registered in the Japan Rehabilitation Nutrition Database. The primary outcome was nutritional status at discharge. Patients were classified according to whether nutritional status was improved or not at discharge, according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form® (MNA-SF) score. The association between improved nutritional status and rehabilitation dose was assessed by a logistic regression analysis. Data were available for 145 patients (27 men, 118 women; mean age 85.1 ± 7.9 years). Daily rehabilitation dose was 109.5 (median 94.6–116.2) min and the MNA-SF score at admission was 5 (median 4–6). Nutritional status was improved in 97 patients and not improved in 48. Logistic regression analysis showed the following factors to be independently associated with nutritional status at discharge: Functional Independence Measure score (OR 1.042, 95% CI 1.016–1.068), energy intake (OR 1.002 CI 1.000–1.004), daily rehabilitation dose (OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.002–1.045), and length of hospital stay (OR 1.026, 95% CI 1.003–1.049). The daily rehabilitation dose in malnourished patients with hip fracture may positively impact nutritional status at discharge.

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Could Altered Evoked Pain Responsiveness Be a Phenotypic Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitively Healthy Individuals

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201293 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Raymond R. Romano ◽

Michael A. Carter ◽

Mary S. Dietrich ◽

Ronald L. Cowan ◽

Stephen P. Bruehl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Pain Sensitivity ◽

Late Onset ◽

Thermal Pain ◽

Apoe4 Allele ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Pain Stimuli ◽

Experimentally Induced

Background: This study evaluated whether the apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE4) allele, a genetic marker associated with increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), was associated with differences in evoked pain responsiveness in cognitively healthy subjects. Objective: The aim was to determine whether individuals at increased risk of late-onset AD based on APOE allele genotype differ phenotypically in their response to experimentally-induced painful stimuli compared to those who do not have at least one copy of the ɛ4 allele. Methods: Forty-nine cognitively healthy subjects aged 30–89 years old with the APOE4 allele (n = 12) and without (n = 37) were assessed for group differences in pain thresholds and affective (unpleasantness) responses to experimentally-induced thermal pain stimuli. Results: Statistically significant main effects of APOE4 status were observed for both the temperature at which three different pain intensity percepts were reached (p = 0.040) and the level of unpleasantness associated with each (p = 0.014). APOE4 positive participants displayed lower overall pain sensitivity than those who were APOE4 negative and also greater overall levels of pain unpleasantness regardless of intensity level. Conclusion: Cognitively healthy APOE4 carriers at increased risk of late-onset AD demonstrated reduced thermal pain sensitivity but greater unpleasantness to thermal pain stimuli relative to individuals at lower risk of late-onset AD. These results suggest that altered evoked pain perception could potentially be used as a phenotypic biomarker of late-onset AD risk prior to disease onset. Additional studies of this issue may be warranted.

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The Impact of Extraversion and Sensation Seeking on Tourist Role

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2015.43.1.75 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 75-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cheng-Yu Li ◽

Shiao-Yuan Lu ◽

Bi-Kun Tsai ◽

Keh-Yuan Yu

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Large Scale ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Tourism Marketing ◽

Large Scale Survey ◽

And Behaviors ◽

The Impact

In recent years, personality variables, such as extraversion and sensation seeking, have been used to investigate tourist preferences and behaviors. For this study, we classified tourist roles into three types: the familiarized mass tourist, the organized mass tourist, and the independent tourist. We investigated the impact of extraversion and sensation seeking on tourist roles in a large-scale survey of Taiwanese citizens (N = 1,249) aged 20 years and older. Using logistic regression analysis, the results indicated that sensation seeking was a significant predictor of tourist role, but extraversion was not. Compared to familiarized mass tourists, people who are sensation-seeking are more likely to become independent tourists rather than organized mass tourists. We provide suggestions for tourism marketing.

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Clinical profile and factors determining outcome of intramural very low birth weight babies in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Devi Meenakshi K. ◽

Arasar Seeralar A. T. ◽

Srinivasan Padmanaban

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) babies are at increased risk of a number of complications both immediate and late. Worldwide it has been observed that these babies contribute to a significant extent to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Aim of the study was to study the risk factors contributing to mortality in VLBW babies and to evaluate the morbidity pattern in these infants.Methods: A retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the case records of VLBW babies admitted in the NICU of Kilpauk Medical College between January 2015 to December 2015. Out of the 2360 intramural babies admitted during the study period, 99 babies were less than 1500 gms. The risk factors for these babies were analyzed for their association with the outcome. Data were statistically analyzed.Results: In present study, we found that sex of the baby, gestational age, obstetric score, birth asphyxia, pulmonary haemorrhage, ROP and presence of shock were found to be associated with increased mortality. By logistic regression analysis it was observed that birth weight of the baby (p value 0.002), duration of stay (p value 0.0006), presence of shock (p<0.0001), were the risk factors significantly associated with poor outcome.Conclusions: Among the maternal and neonatal factors analyzed in the study using logistic regression analysis, birth weight, duration of hospital stay and presence of shock were significantly related to poor outcome. Of these presence of shock was the single most important factor that predicted increased mortality.

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