Mineralogical characterisation and deportment studies of different mine waste material from a historic tailings pond in Plombières, East Belgium.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srećko Bevandić ◽  
Philippe Muchez ◽  
Rosie Blannin ◽  
Kai Bachmann ◽  
Max Frenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
Bulk Analysis ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tailings Pond

<p>Recent studies on historic mine waste (e.g. tailings, waste rock, metallurgical waste) indicate the recycling potential of the material for metal extraction. Historic mine wastes have been shown to be of more interest than modern mine wastes, due to the lower efficiency of ore processing in the past. Although the knowledge of processing has significantly improved, there are still some areas in the processing sector that could be improved. Most previous studies have focused on the bulk analysis of mine wastes, without a detailed analysis of important characteristics, such as mineral texture, associations, liberation and locking. Recent studies focus on detailed mineralogical analysis, in order to more accurately assess the availability of the metals within the potential material for metal extraction. The present study investigates the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of different mine and metallurgical waste material from a tailings pond in Plombières (East Belgium). The tailings pond covers a minimum surface area of 8000 m<sup>2</sup>, comprising 4 main types of material.  Ore microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), quantitative X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) based Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) and electron microprobe (EPMA) were used to identify and characterise Pb and Zn phases within the material. XRF analysis shows that the mine wastes dominantly consist of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, while the content of Zn and Pb varies from 51 ppm to 24 wt % and 10 ppm to 10.1 wt %, respectively. The mineralogy of the mine waste is characterised by quartz, amorphous phases and phyllosilicates, with minor amounts of Fe-oxide, Pb- and Zn-bearing minerals. Based on the processing of the ore, the amorphous phase is present as pyrometallurgical slag.  Mineral- to element- conversion shows a lack of Pb and Zn content. MLA and EPMA analysis confirm that the missing Pb is distributed between Pb- droplets within the slags and in the amorphous structure of the slags. Additionally, the analyses reveal that zinc is also dominantly located within the slags.</p>

scholarly journals Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterisation of Historic Zn–Pb Mine Waste, Plombières, East Belgium

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Srećko Bevandić ◽  
Rosie Blannin ◽  
Jacqueline Vander Auwera ◽  
Nicolas Delmelle ◽  
David Caterina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Potential Applications

Mine wastes and tailings derived from historical processing may contain significant contents of valuable metals due to processing being less efficient in the past. The Plombières tailings pond in eastern Belgium was selected as a case study to determine mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the different mine waste materials found at the site. Four types of material were classified: soil, metallurgical waste, brown tailings and yellow tailings. The distribution of the mine wastes was investigated with drill holes, pit-holes and geophysical methods. Samples of the materials were assessed with grain size analysis, and mineralogical and geochemical techniques. The mine wastes dominantly consist of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The cover material, comprising soil and metallurgical waste is highly heterogeneous in terms of mineralogy, geochemistry and grain size. The metallurgical waste has a high concentration of metals (Zn: 0.1 to 24 wt.% and Pb: 0.1 to 10.1 wt.%). In the tailings materials, Pb and Zn vary from 10 ppm to 8.5 wt.% and from 51 ppm to 4 wt.%, respectively. The mining wastes comprises mainly quartz, amorphous phases and phyllosilicates, with minor contents of Fe-oxide and Pb- and Zn-bearing minerals. Based on the mineralogical and geochemical properties, the different potential applications of the four waste material types were determined. Additionally, the theoretical economic potential of Pb and Zn in the mine wastes was estimated.

scholarly journals Crystal Chemistry of Carnotite in Abandoned Mine Wastes

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumant Avasarala ◽  
Adrian J. Brearley ◽  
Michael Spilde ◽  
Eric Peterson ◽  
Ying-Bing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The crystal chemistry of carnotite (prototype formula: K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O) occurring in mine wastes collected from Northeastern Arizona was investigated by integrating spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analyses. Raman spectroscopy confirms that the uranyl vanadate phase present in the mine waste is carnotite, rather than the rarer polymorph vandermeerscheite. X-ray diffraction patterns of the carnotite occurring in these mine wastes are in agreement with those reported in the literature for a synthetic analog. Carbon detected in this carnotite was identified as organic carbon inclusions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses. After excluding C and correcting for K-drift from the electron microprobe analyses, the composition of the carnotite was determined as 8.64% K2O, 0.26% CaO, 61.43% UO3, 20.26% V2O5, 0.38% Fe2O3, and 8.23% H2O. The empirical formula, (K1.66Ca0.043Al(OH)2+0.145 Fe(OH)2+0.044)((U0.97)O2)2((V1.005)O4)2·4H2O of the studied carnotite, with an atomic ratio 1.9:2:2 for K:U:V, is similar to the that of carnotite (K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O) reported in the literature. Lattice spacing data determined using selected area electron diffraction (SAED)-TEM suggests: (1) complete amorphization of the carnotite within 120 s of exposure to the electron beam and (2) good agreement of the measured d-spacings for carnotite in the literature. Small differences between the measured and literature d-spacing values are likely due to the varying degree of hydration between natural and synthetic materials. Such information about the crystal chemistry of carnotite in mine wastes is important for an improved understanding of the occurrence and reactivity of U, V, and other elements in the environment.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Solid Mine Wastes Produced during Iron Ore Mining and Processing and their Potential Environmental Impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Solid waste deposited on the surface acts as a potential source of environmental pollution. High concentration of toxic elements in solid mine wastes can pose serious environmental risks. This study aims at characterising solid mine wastes produced due to iron ore mining and processing for their geochemistry and mineralogy. Samples were collected using a stratified sampling strategy. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Petrographic analysis techniques were used. XRD analysis revealed a high abundance of Hematite (29%), with low amounts of Quartz stockpile samples. Berlinite (33%) amounts were high in waste dump samples, where Quartz was in high concentrations (34%) in the overburden samples. XRF analysis revealed a high amount of iron in the stockpile and waste dump, while Silica was highest in the overburden. Petrography analysis revealed major minerals in the solid mine waste: magnetite, Hematite, and Quartz with traces of mica, olivine, feldspar, and biotite. The minerals were characterised by a lamellar structure with mutual grain boundaries. Sulfide minerals that may cause acid drainage and various heavy metals were in considerable amounts. These elements have the potential of causing adverse environmental impacts hence the need for such characterisation to devise mitigation strategies and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Gold Mining Waste for Carbon Sequestration and Utilization as Supplementary Cementitious Material

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Sharifah Nur Munirah Syed Hasan ◽  
Faradiella Mohd Kusin ◽  
Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud ◽  
Muhammad Anwar Saadon ◽  
Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonation Curing

This study aims to identify the potential of gold mining waste for CO2 sequestration and its utilization for carbon storage in cementitious material. Samples of mine waste were identified from a gold mine for mineralogical and chemical composition analysis using X-ray diffractogram and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray. Mine waste was utilized in a brick-making process as supplementary cementitious material and as an agent for CO2 capture and storage in bricks. Carbonation curing was incorporated in brick fabrication to estimate CO2 uptake of the brick product. Results indicated that the mine wastes were composed of silicate minerals essential for mineral carbonation such as muscovite and illite (major) and chlorite-serpentine, aerinite, albite and stilpnomelane (moderate/minor phases). The mine wastes were identified as belonging to the highly pozzolanic category, which has a great role in improving the strength properties of brick products. Carbonated minerals served as an additional binder that increased the strength of the product. CO2 uptake of the product was between 0.24% and 0.57% for bricks containing 40–60% of gold mine waste, corresponding to 7.2–17.1 g CO2/brick. Greater performance in terms of compressive strength and water adsorption was observed for bricks with 3 h carbonation curing. The carbonation product was evidenced by strong peaks of calcite and reduced peaks for calcium hydroxide from XRD analysis and was supported by a densified and crystalline microstructure of materials. It has been demonstrated that gold mine waste is a potential feedstock for mineral carbonation, and its utilization for permanent carbon storage in brick making is in line with the concept of CCUS for environmental sustainability.

AN INITIAL X-RAY FLUORESCENCE, X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND REFLECTIVE SPECTROSCOPY INVESTIGATION OF MINE WASTE FROM TONOPAH, NEVADA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dawson ◽  
◽  
Samara Ord ◽  
Daniel M. Sturmer ◽  
J. Caleb Chappell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reflective Spectroscopy

UNDERSTANDING THE MOBILIZATION OF METAL POLLUTION ASSOCIATED WITH MINE WASTE MATERIAL FROM A HISTORICAL SILVER MINE IN PERU

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheyla B. Palomino Ore ◽  
◽  
Pablo Quesada Oloriz ◽  
Oscar Tafur Lopez ◽  
Junior Marca Salcedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Silver Mine

scholarly journals A Study of Thin Film Resistors Prepared Using Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta High Entropy Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruei-Cheng Lin ◽  
Tai-Kuang Lee ◽  
Der-Ho Wu ◽  
Ying-Chieh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thin Film Resistors

Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta resistive thin films were prepared on glass and Al2O3substrates by DC magnetron cosputtering from targets of Ni0.35-Cr0.25-Si0.2-Al0.2casting alloy and Ta metal. Electrical properties and microstructures of Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films under different sputtering powers and annealing temperatures were investigated. The phase evolution, microstructure, and composition of Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). When the annealing temperature was set to 300°C, the Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films with an amorphous structure were observed. When the annealing temperature was at 500°C, the Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films crystallized into Al0.9Ni4.22, Cr2Ta, and Ta5Si3phases. The Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films deposited at 100 W and annealed at 300°C which exhibited the higher resistivity 2215 μΩ-cm with −10 ppm/°C of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR).

Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of Plasma-Sprayed LSGM Electrolyte Films

2002 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
X. Ma ◽  
J. Dai ◽  
S. Hui ◽  
J. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Plasma Spray Process ◽  
Electrolyte Film ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

ABSTRACTAn intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolyte film of La0.8Sr 0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8 (LSGM) was fabricated using a plasma spray process. The microstructure and phase were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of the thermal sprayed LSGM film was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The study indicates that thermal spray can deposit a dense LSGM layer. It was found that the rapid cooling in the thermal process led to an amorphous or poor crystalline LSGM deposited layer. This amorphous structure has a significant effect on the performance of the cell. Crystallization of the deposited LSGM layer was observed during annealing between 500–600 °C. After annealing at 800 °C, the ionic conductivity of the sprayed LSGM layer can reach the same level as that of the sintered LSGM.

Material Characteristics and Electrical Modeling of Ultra Thin Copper Oxides in ULSI Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1225-1228
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Barrier Height ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Emission ◽  
X Ray Absorption

With the highest brilliance synchrotron radiation X-ray (SPring-8) and TEM observations, Cu oxides ranged 2-nm to 10-nm in thickness formed on sputtered Cu has been evaluated. For the plasma-assisted Cu oxide, weak Cu2O and/or CuO X-ray diffraction pattern is observed, while no diffraction pattern in native and thermally (170°C) grown oxides. Those native and thermal oxides show Cu2O coordination observed by XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) method. This suggests that Cu oxide formed at low temperatures consists of stoichiometric Cu2O in an amorphous structure. According to the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) current emission model, the current emission taking place at Cu2O decreases with increasing of the oxide thickness and its mean barrier height (φB) in the MIM band structure. In case of current density at 106A/cm2 of 1V, it is estimated that the allowable thickness of Cu oxides is approximately 1.5-nm at 1 eV of barrier height.

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticle and effect of crystallinity on performances for supercapacitor

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Xu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiaolan Song ◽  
Hanjun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudocapacitive Behavior ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method using triethanolamine. Effects of reaction times (2–8[Formula: see text]h) on crystallinity and electrochemical performances of Fe3O4 were investigated. Samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and cyclic voltammetry. Results showed that the crystallinity of Fe3O4 was increased with hydrothermal time, and the sample prepared at 2[Formula: see text]h displayed amorphous structure with small grain size and large surface area of 165.0[Formula: see text]m2[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. The sample exhibited typical pseudocapacitive behavior with capacitance of 383.2[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at 0.5 Ag[Formula: see text] in Na2SO3 electrolyte. After 2000 cycles, the capacitance retention of Fe3O4 at 2[Formula: see text]h was recorded as 83.6%, much higher than 26.3% for sample at 8[Formula: see text]h. It indicated that hydrothermal method was an effective approach to obtain amorphous Fe3O4, implying the potential application for preparing metal oxide electrode for supercapacitors.

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