scholarly journals Modelling seabed sediment physical properties and organic matter content in the Firth of Clyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 5847-5866
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Pace ◽  
David M. Bailey ◽  
David W. Donnan ◽  
Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Hazel J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Sediment Permeability ◽  
Muddy Sediments

Abstract. High-quality quantitative maps of seabed sedimentary physical and geochemical properties have numerous research and conservation applications, including habitat and ecosystem modelling, marine spatial planning, and ecosystem service mapping. However, such maps are lacking for many ecologically and economically important marine areas. Using legacy data supplemented by measurements from recent benthic surveys, modelled hydrodynamic variables, and high-resolution bathymetry, quantitative maps for the top 10 cm of seabed sediment were generated via a combination of statistical and machine-learning techniques for the Firth of Clyde, a semi-enclosed coastal sea on the west coast of Scotland. The maps include sediment fractions of mud, sand, and gravel; whole-sediment median grain size; sediment permeability and porosity; rates of natural seabed abrasion; and sediment particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content. Properties were mapped over an unstructured grid so that very high resolutions were achieved close to the coastlines, where sediments may be expected to be spatially heterogeneous. Overall, the maps reveal extensive areas of very low sediment permeability coupled with low rates of natural seabed disturbance. Moreover, muddy sediments in the inner Firth of Clyde, Inchmarnock Water, and the sea lochs are enriched in organic carbon and nitrogen relative to the sediments of the outer Firth of Clyde. As a demonstration of the value of these maps, the standing stock of organic carbon and nitrogen in the surficial sediments of the Clyde was calculated. The Clyde stores 3.42 and 0.33 million t of organic carbon and nitrogen in the top 10 cm of seabed sediment, respectively, substantially contributing to Scotland's coastal and shelf blue carbon stocks. Data products are available from https://doi.org/10.15129/2003faa2-ee93-4c11-bb16-48485f5f136d (Heath and Pace, 2021).

scholarly journals Modelling seabed sediment physical properties and organic matter content in the Firth of Clyde

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Pace ◽  
David M. Bailey ◽  
David W. Donnan ◽  
Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Hazel J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Sediment Permeability ◽  
Muddy Sediments

Abstract. High quality quantitative maps of seabed sedimentary physical and geochemical properties have numerous research and conservation applications, including habitat and ecosystem modelling, marine spatial planning and ecosystem service mapping. However, such maps are lacking for many ecologically and economically important marine areas. Using legacy data supplemented by measurements from recent benthic surveys, modelled hydrodynamic variables and high resolution bathymetry, quantitative maps for the top 10 cm of seabed sediment were generated via a combination of statistical and machine-learning techniques for the Firth of Clyde, a semi-enclosed coastal sea on the west coast of Scotland. The maps include sediment fractions of mud, sand and gravel, whole-sediment median grain size, sediment permeability and porosity, rates of natural seabed abrasion, and sediment particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content. Properties were mapped over an unstructured grid, so that very high resolutions were achieved close to the coastlines, where sediments may be expected to be spatially heterogeneous. Overall, the maps reveal extensive areas of very low sediment permeability coupled with low rates of natural seabed disturbance. Moreover, muddy sediments in the inner Firth of Clyde, Inchmarnock Water and the sea lochs are enriched in organic carbon and nitrogen relative to the sediments of the outer Firth of Clyde. As a demonstration of the value of these maps, the standing stock of organic carbon and nitrogen in the surficial sediments of the Clyde was calculated. The Clyde stores 3.42 and 0.33 million tonnes of organic carbon and nitrogen in the top 10 cm of seabed sediment, respectively, substantially contributing to Scotland’s coastal and shelf blue carbon stocks. Data products are available from: https://doi.org/10.15129/2003faa2-ee93-4c11-bb16-48485f5f136d.

scholarly journals Impacts of vinasse and methods of sugarcane harvesting on the availability of K and carbon stock of an Argisol

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Alberto Cardin ◽  
Carlos Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Antonio Escarmínio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock

ABSTRACT Soils of tropical regions are more weathered and in need of conservation managements to maintain and improve the quality of its components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of K, the organic matter content and the stock of total carbon of an Argisol after vinasse application and manual and mechanized harvesting of burnt and raw sugarcane, in western São Paulo.The data collection was done in the 2012/2013 harvest, in a bioenergy company in Presidente Prudente/SP. The research was arranged out following a split-plot scheme in a 5x5 factorial design, characterized by four management systems: without vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest after burning; without vinasse application and harvest after burning; plus native forest, and five soil sampling depths (0-10 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm), with four replications. In each treatment, the K content in the soil and accumulated in the remaining dry biomass in the area, the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and soil carbon stock were determined. The mean values were compared by Tukey test. The vinasse application associated with the harvest without burning increased the K content in soil layers up to 40 cm deep. The managements without vinasse application and manual harvest after burning, and without vinasse application with mechanical harvesting without burning did not increase the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and stock of total soil organic carbon, while the vinasse application and harvest after burning and without burning increased the levels of these attributes in the depth of 0-10 cm.

Constant current chronopotentiometric stripping characterisation of organic matter in seawater from the northern Adriatic, Croatia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slađana Strmečki ◽  
Jelena Dautović ◽  
Marta Plavšić
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Po River ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Catalytically Active

Environmental context We determined seasonal changes in the organic matter content of the northern Adriatic with newly applied electrochemical techniques able to measure catalytically active organics. The inflow of the Po River and its nutrient load are responsible for the observed changes in the type and concentrations of organic matter in the area. Abstract Catalytically active polysaccharides (Cat PSs) and nitrogen-containing polymeric organic material (N-POM) were determined in seawater from the northern Adriatic station ST101. Catalytically active organics were measured by applying electrochemical methods of adsorptive transfer chronopotentiometric stripping with medium exchange and chronopotentiometric stripping in unmodified seawater. Their concentrations were expressed in milligrams per cubic decimetre–3--> of equivalents of the model calibrating substances, polysaccharide xanthan and protein human serum albumin. The optimal electroanalytical conditions for determination of Cat PSs in seawater were evaluated and defined. Seasonal changes of Cat PSs and N-POM were observed during the period 2011–2013. The highest values were determined in the spring–summer period and the lowest in winter. Cat PSs and N-POM were present in both the dissolved and particulate organic carbon fractions. Cat PSs and N-POM showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the concentrations of surface-active substances. A weak but statistically significant correlation was found between Cat PSs and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Copper complexing capacities in the period 2011–2013 were in the range of 41–130nmoldm–3.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM PIG SLURRY AND SOLID CATTLE MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NDAYEGAMIYE ◽  
D. CÔTÉ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry

Chemical and biological properties were evaluated in 1987 on an acidic silty loam soil following a long-term field study established in 1978 and cultivated with silage corn. Treatments included a control, solid cattle manure (20, 40 and 60 Mg ha−1 FYM) and pig slurry (60, 120 m3 ha−1 SLU) applied every 2 yr and annually, respectively. No fertilizer was applied. The results of this study have shown that neither treatment significantly affected soil pH values, total-N contents and C:N ratios compared to the control. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil was significantly higher with FYM treatment than with control or SLU application. The highest rates of FYM and SLU have also increased (P < 0.05) soil organic carbon, microbial activity and potentially mineralizable nitrogen. The soil microflora populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers and nitrifiers) were greatly improved by both treatments. There were no significant differences in organic matter content or the relative amount of humic and fulvic acids between FYM and SLU plots. In spite of these results, FYM application (40 and 60 Mg ha−1) did affect more significantly the distribution of organic carbon in HA and the E4/E6 quotients than SLU additions. Humic acids extracted from SLU amended soils had a lower C content and lower E4/E6 ratios than humic acids from FYM soils. Long-term SLU application did not contribute to decreased organic matter content, CEC and humic acids yield, probably because of optimal organic residues returned to the soil by the corn crops. The FYM application generally improved soil chemical and biological properties. For a sustainable soil productivity, long-term SLU application should then be avoided in rotation in which small amounts of plant residues are returned, especially on soils with low organic matter contents. Key words: Organic matter, microbial activity, nitrogen mineralization potential, CEC, solid cattle manure, pig slurry

scholarly journals Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
Ademar Espíndula Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.

scholarly journals The color of refractory organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Yoann Copard ◽  
Antonin Van Exem ◽  
Geneviève Bessereau ◽  
Frank Haeseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Wide Range

Organic matter studies find an echo within different topics such as biogeochemical cycles, processes occurring in continental surfaces, anthropogenic activities, climate science, earth and planetary sciences, etc. Today’s challenges include finding and developing the most appropriate method(s) supporting the differentiation and characterisation of various types of recalcitrant organic matter in modern environments. In this study, we focus on combustion residues and coals as these two types of organic matter contain a significant amount of so-called recalcitrant organic carbon (black carbon and fossil organic carbon). Both these materials are ubiquitous, broadly stem from the same living organisms and have similar polyaromatic structures. In this respect, we tested a spectrophotometry method, classically used for sedimentology, as a very fast method for preliminary investigations. Analyses were performed with a wide range of standards and referenced samples. The results discriminate three different spectral signatures related to the degree of transformation of organic matter related to the degree of aromaticity (i.e. carbonisation). Using calibration curves, total organic carbon content can be estimated in experimental mixes with mineral matter and in a real context using subsurface sample (Gironville 101 borehole, Paris Basin, France). This method has particularly high sensitivity to very low organic matter content and is shown to be promising for a rapid evaluation of the organic carbon content.

Assessing the impact of dissolved organic carbon changes on disinfectant stability in a distribution system

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
C. Campos ◽  
Ph. Harmant
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Impact

Maintaining disinfectant residuals throughout the entire water distribution system is considered an efficient strategy to guarantee the biological stability of drinking water as it flows from the plant to the customer tap. Dosed at the plant, the disinfectant disappears in the distribution system due to reactions with both water and pipe constituents. Among them, certain fractions of the organic matter content are directly responsible for the loss of disinfectant. This study presents an example of the impact of the organic matter UV absorbance on free chlorine decay for a surface water. In addition, this study illustrates the use of laboratory experiments together with a water quality model as a valuable tool to predict the impact of organic carbon concentration changes on chlorine residuals in interconnected distribution systems.

The effects of agronomy on the carbon and nitrogen contained in the soil biomass

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. McM. Adams ◽  
R. J. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil N

SummarySoils of various agronomic histories were fumigated with chloroform, and the resultant increased production of CO2 and mineral-N measured and expressed as biomass C and the flush of mineral-N production (FN), respectively. Biomass C and FN contents of grassland soils were greater than those of arable soils, and significant correlations with macro organic-matter content were found. Biomass C contents varied from 7 to mg C/100 g soil in arable soil and from 31 to 222 mg C/100 g soil in grassland or woodland. The proportion of soil organic C that was contained within the biomass ranged from 0·3 to 4·0%, whilst FN comprised from 1·0 to 11·7% of total soil N. FNcontents ranged from 1·1 to 13·2mg N/1OOg soil for arable soils, and from 2·5 to 31·7 mg N/100 g soil for grassland and woodland. Application of organic manures increased biomass C and FN contents in grassland soil.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATES MINERALIZATION BY C-CO2 FLUX UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1 y 2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Montoya-Jasso ◽  
Gerardo Sergio Benedicto Valdés ◽  
Víctor Manuel Ordaz Chaparro ◽  
Alejandrina Ruiz-Bello ◽  
Jesús Manuel Arreola Tostado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Porous Space ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Mineral Mixture

The objective was to evaluate the mineralization of two mixtures of substrates with different nitrogen content, moisture, compost and mineral mixture based on zeolite and dolomite. The measured parameters were pH (extract 1:2), electrical conductivity (extract 1:5) by conductimeter; content of organic matter by ignition; organic carbon based on the results of organic matter using the Douglas factor= 0.5; and nitrogen per micro Kjeldahl. The flow of CO2 was measured with the IRGA gas analyzer. For both moisture content, the compost-free substrates had a higher C/N ratio. Compost substrates, because of their high mineralization, were appropriate with advantages to the supply of nitrogen. Substrates with compost and 15% moisture released higher CO2 by presenting more easily degradable compounds. Mineralization rates on substrates were higher with 15% humidity due to increased porous space occupied by gases, in addition, the supply of 50% of nitrogen had a low immobilization due to the lower organic matter content and the 40 cm3 L-1 mineral mixture content changed the dilution of carbon to be metabolized by microorganisms. The rate of mineralization was affected by the use of minerals, the quality and the subtrate origin

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