scholarly journals Using the SWAT model to improve process descriptions and define hydrologic partitioning in South Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Shope ◽  
G. R. Maharjan ◽  
J. Tenhunen ◽  
B. Seo ◽  
K. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Capture Event ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Hydrologic Partitioning

Abstract. Watershed-scale modeling can be a valuable tool to aid in quantification of water quality and yield; however, several challenges remain. In many watersheds, it is difficult to adequately quantify hydrologic partitioning. Data scarcity is prevalent, accuracy of spatially distributed meteorology is difficult to quantify, forest encroachment and land use issues are common, and surface water and groundwater abstractions substantially modify watershed-based processes. Our objective is to assess the capability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to capture event-based and long-term monsoonal rainfall–runoff processes in complex mountainous terrain. To accomplish this, we developed a unique quality-control, gap-filling algorithm for interpolation of high-frequency meteorological data. We used a novel multi-location, multi-optimization calibration technique to improve estimations of catchment-wide hydrologic partitioning. The interdisciplinary model was calibrated to a unique combination of statistical, hydrologic, and plant growth metrics. Our results indicate scale-dependent sensitivity of hydrologic partitioning and substantial influence of engineered features. The addition of hydrologic and plant growth objective functions identified the importance of culverts in catchment-wide flow distribution. While this study shows the challenges of applying the SWAT model to complex terrain and extreme environments; by incorporating anthropogenic features into modeling scenarios, we can enhance our understanding of the hydroecological impact.

scholarly journals An interdisciplinary swat ecohydrological model to define catchment-scale hydrologic partitioning

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 7235-7290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Shope ◽  
G. R. Maharjan ◽  
J. Tenhunen ◽  
B. Seo ◽  
K. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
Hydrologic Partitioning

Abstract. Land use and climate change have long been implicated in modifying ecosystem services, such as water quality and water yield, biodiversity, and agricultural production. To account for future effects on ecosystem services, the integration of physical, biological, economic, and social data over several scales must be implemented to assess the effects on natural resource availability and use. Our objective is to assess the capability of the SWAT model to capture short-duration monsoonal rainfall-runoff processes in complex mountainous terrain under rapid, event-driven processes in a monsoonal environment. To accomplish this, we developed a unique quality-control gap-filling algorithm for interpolation of high frequency meteorological data. We used a novel multi-location, multi-optimization calibration technique to improve estimations of catchment-wide hydrologic partitioning. We calibrated the interdisciplinary model to a combination of statistical, hydrologic, and plant growth metrics. In addition, we used multiple locations of different drainage area, aspect, elevation, and geologic substrata distributed throughout the catchment. Results indicate scale-dependent sensitivity of hydrologic partitioning and substantial influence of engineered features. While our model accurately reproduced observed discharge variability, the addition of hydrologic and plant growth objective functions identified the importance of culverts in catchment-wide flow distribution. The results of this study provide a valuable resource to describe landscape controls and their implication on discharge, sediment transport, and nutrient loading. This study also shows the challenges of applying the SWAT model to complex terrain and extreme environments. By incorporating anthropogenic features into modeling scenarios, we can greatly enhance our understanding of the hydroecological impacts on ecosystem services.

scholarly journals A New Physically-Based Spatially-Distributed Groundwater Flow Module for SWAT+

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Bailey ◽  
Katrin Bieger ◽  
Jeffrey G. Arnold ◽  
David D. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Groundwater Head ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Modeling Code

Watershed models are used worldwide to assist with water and nutrient management under conditions of changing climate, land use, and population. Of these models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and SWAT+ are the most widely used, although their performance in groundwater-driven watersheds can sometimes be poor due to a simplistic representation of groundwater processes. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new physically-based spatially-distributed groundwater flow module called gwflow for the SWAT+ watershed model. The module is embedded in the SWAT+ modeling code and is intended to replace the current SWAT+ aquifer module. The model accounts for recharge from SWAT+ Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs), lateral flow within the aquifer, Evapotranspiration (ET) from shallow groundwater, groundwater pumping, groundwater–surface water interactions through the streambed, and saturation excess flow. Groundwater head and groundwater storage are solved throughout the watershed domain using a water balance equation for each grid cell. The modified SWAT+ modeling code is applied to the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) (327 km2) in southern Georgia, USA for demonstration purposes. Using the gwflow module for the LREW increased run-time by 20% compared to the original SWAT+ modeling code. Results from an uncalibrated model are compared against streamflow discharge and groundwater head time series. Although further calibration is required if the LREW model is to be used for scenario analysis, results highlight the capabilities of the new SWAT+ code to simulate both land surface and subsurface hydrological processes and represent the watershed-wide water balance. Using the modified SWAT+ model can provide physically realistic groundwater flow gradients, fluxes, and interactions with streams for modeling studies that assess water supply and conservation practices. This paper also serves as a tutorial on modeling groundwater flow for general watershed modelers.

scholarly journals Predicting hydrologic responses to climate changes in highly glacierized and mountainous region Upper Indus Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 191957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izhar Shah ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Tahir Ali Akbar ◽  
Quazi K. Hassan ◽  
Asim Jahangir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Upper Indus Basin

The Upper Indus Basin (UIB) is a major source of supplying water to different areas because of snow and glaciers melt and is also enduring the regional impacts of global climate change. The expected changes in temperature, precipitation and snowmelt could be reasons for further escalation of the problem. Therefore, estimation of hydrological processes is critical for UIB. The objectives of this paper were to estimate the impacts of climate change on water resources and future projection for surface water under different climatic scenarios using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The methodology includes: (i) development of SWAT model using land cover, soil and meteorological data; (ii) calibration of the model using daily flow data from 1978 to 1993; (iii) model validation for the time 1994–2003; (iv) bias correction of regional climate model (RCM), and (v) utilization of bias-corrected RCM for future assessment under representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for mid (2041–2070) and late century (2071–2100). The results of the study revealed a strong correlation between simulated and observed flow with R 2 and Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE) equal to 0.85 each for daily flow. For validation, R 2 and NSE were found to be 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. Compared to baseline period (1976–2005), the result of RCM showed an increase in temperature ranging from 2.36°C to 3.50°C and 2.92°C to 5.23°C for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively, till the end of the twenty-first century. Likewise, the increase in annual average precipitation is 2.4% to 2.5% and 6.0% to 4.6% (mid to late century) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The model simulation results for RCP4.5 showed increase in flow by 19.24% and 16.78% for mid and late century, respectively. For RCP8.5, the increase in flow is 20.13% and 15.86% during mid and late century, respectively. The model was more sensitive towards available moisture and snowmelt parameters. Thus, SWAT model could be used as effective tool for climate change valuation and for sustainable management of water resources in future.

scholarly journals Evaluation and application of alternative rainfall data sources for forcing hydrologic models in the Mara Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Alemayehu ◽  
Fidelis Kilonzo ◽  
Ann van Griensven ◽  
Willy Bauwens
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract Accurate and spatially distributed rainfall data are crucial for a realistic simulation of the hydrological processes in a watershed. However, limited availability of observed hydro-meteorological data often challenges the rainfall–runoff modelling efforts. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and Water and Global Change (WATCH) rainfall by comparing them with gauge observations for different rainfall regimes in the Mara Basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Additionally, the skill of these rainfall datasets to simulate the observed streamflow is assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The daily CFSR and WATCH rainfall show a poor performance (up to 52% bias and less than 0.3 correlation) when compared with gauge rainfall at grid and basin scale, regardless of the rainfall regime. However, the correlations for both CFSR and WATCH substantially improve at monthly scale. The 95% prediction uncertainty (95PPU) of the simulated daily streamflow, as forced by CFSR and WATCH rainfall, bracketed more than 60% of the observed streamflows. We however note high uncertainty for the high flow regime. Yet, the monthly and annual aggregated CFSR and WATCH rainfall can be a useful surrogate for gauge rainfall data for hydrologic application in the study area.

scholarly journals Investigate the Applicability of CMADS and CFSR Reanalysis in Northeast China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Xianyong Meng ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Mingxiang Yang ◽  
Siyu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Better Than

Reanalysis datasets can provide alternative and complementary meteorological data sources for hydrological studies or other scientific studies in regions with few gauge stations. This study evaluated the accuracy of two reanalysis datasets, the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), against gauge observations (OBS) by using interpolation software and statistical indicators in Northeast China (NEC), as well as their annual average spatial and monthly average distributions. The reliability and applicability of the two reanalysis datasets were assessed as inputs in a hydrological model (SWAT) for runoff simulation in the Hunhe River Basin. Statistical results reveal that CMADS performed better than CFSR for precipitation and temperature in NEC with the indicators closer to optimal values (the ratio of standard deviations of precipitation and maximum/minimum temperature from CMADS were 0.92, 1.01, and 0.995, respectively, while that from CFSR were 0.79, 1.07, and 0.897, respectively). Hydrological modelling results showed that CMADS + SWAT and OBS + SWAT performed far better than CFSR + SWAT on runoff simulations. The Nash‒Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of CMADS + SWAT and OBS + SWAT ranged from 0.54 to 0.95, while that of CFSR + SWAT ranged from −0.07 to 0.85, exhibiting poor performance. The CMADS reanalysis dataset is more accurate than CFSR in NEC and is a suitable input for hydrological simulations.

scholarly journals A Spatial and Temporal Study of the Green and Blue Water Flow Distribution in Typical Ecosystems and its Ecosystem Services Function in an Arid Basin

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanfu Zang ◽  
Ganquan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Green And Blue Water

Research on relationship between green and blue water flow and ecosystem service functions has great significance for improving water resources management and for ecological protection. In this study, the distribution patterns and service functions of green and blue water flow in different ecosystems were analysed by Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model simulation and Correlational Analysis. In the entire basin, the amount of green and blue water flow in the grassland was greater than that in the cropland, and that in the cropland was larger than that in the forest. The corn yield per hectare of cropland was highest in the Heihe River Basin, followed by wheat, and the lowest yield was the oil yield from 2000 to 2010. The mutton yield in the grassland ecosystem was greater than the beef yield from 2000 to 2010, which shows that the beef production would consume more water flow. Results show an obvious positive correlation between green or blue water flow and wheat and corn yields. Beef and mutton had a significant correlation with blue water flow, whereas mutton had a stronger correlation with green water flow.

scholarly journals Effects of Water-Saving Irrigation on Hydrological Cycle in an Irrigation District of Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8488
Author(s):  
Manfei Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Weibo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Monthly Scale

In an arid and semi-arid irrigation district, water-saving practices are essential for the sustainable use of water resources. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate hydrological processes under three water-saving scenarios for the Jinghui Canal irrigation district (JCID) in Northwest China. Due to the lack of available hydrometric stations in the study area, the model was calibrated by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Global Evaporation (MOD16) from 2001 to 2010 on monthly scale. The simulation results showed that using MOD16 to calibrate the SWAT model was an alternative approach when hydro-meteorological data were lacking. It also revealed that the annual average surface runoff (SURQ) decreased by 4.13%, 8.37% and 12.08% and the percolation (PERC) increased by 3.67%, 7.59% and 11.19%, with the improvement of the water-saving degree (the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water (EUCIW) increased by 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3). Compared with the above two components, the change in actual evapotranspiration (ET) was not obvious. From the perspective of the spatial scale, the changes in every component in the east regions were generally greater than those in the west regions. On a monthly scale, the change in every component was mainly during these two periods. The analysis results of water balance in the study area showed that the proportion of SURQ in water balance decreased (from 14.02% to 12.33%), while that of PERC increased (from 10.99% to 12.22%) after the application of the water-saving irrigation. The decrease in the variation in soil water content indicates that the improvement of the water-saving degree plays a positive role in maintaining the sustainable development of water resources in irrigated areas. This study demonstrates the potential to use remotely sensed evapotranspiration data for hydrological model calibration and validation in a sparsely gauged region with reasonable accuracy. The results of this study also provide a reference for the effect of water-saving irrigation in the irrigated area.

scholarly journals Hydrological process simulation in Manas River Basin using CMADS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 946-957
Author(s):  
Xinchen Gu ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Xinlin He ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Simulation Efficiency ◽  
Manas River Basin

AbstractThe inability to conduct hydrological simulations in areas that lack historical meteorological data is an important factor limiting the development of watershed models, understanding of watershed water resources, and ultimate development of effective sustainability policies. This study focuses on the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a high-altitude area with no meteorological stations and is located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, northern China. The hydrological processes were simulated using the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Simulated runoff was corrected using calibration/uncertainty and sensitivity program for the SWAT. Through parameter sensitivity analysis, parameter calibration, and verification, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), adjusted R-square ({R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}), and percentage bias (\text{PBIAS}) were selected for evaluation. The results were compared with statistics obtained from Kenswat Hydrological Station, where the monthly runoff simulation efficiency was \text{NSE}\hspace{.25em}=0.64, {R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}\hspace{.25em}=0.69, and \text{PBIAS}\hspace{.25em}=\mbox{--}0.9, and the daily runoff simulation efficiency was \text{NSE}\hspace{.25em}=0.75, {R}_{\text{adj}}^{2} = 0.75, \text{PBIAS} = −1.5. These results indicate that by employing CMADS data, hydrological processes within the MRB can be adequately simulated. This finding is significant, as CMADS provide continuous temporal, detailed, and high-spatial-resolution meteorological data that can be used to build a hydrological model with adequate accuracy in areas that lack historical meteorological data.

scholarly journals Uncertainty analysis of a spatially-distributed hydrological model with rainfall multipliers

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1062-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpana Rani Datta ◽  
Tirupati Bolisetti
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Error Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Input Uncertainty ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Input Error

This paper has developed an input error model to account for input uncertainty, and applied the rainfall multiplier approaches to the calibration and uncertainty analysis of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a spatially-distributed hydrological model. The developed input error model has introduced the season-dependent rainfall multipliers to the Bayesian framework and reduced the dimension of the posterior probability density function. The method is applied to a watershed located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. The results of the developed method are compared with two other methods. The SWAT model parameters and the input error model parameters are jointly inferred by a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler. The results show the measured precipitation data overestimates the true precipitation values for the study area. The uncertainty in model prediction is underestimated for high flows and overestimated for low flows. There is no significant change in the estimation of parameter uncertainty and streamflow prediction uncertainty in the developed method from those in the other methods. The study emphasizes that the rainfall multiplier approaches are applicable to spatially-distributed hydrological modelling for accounting of input uncertainty.

scholarly journals Hydrological Simulation of Silver Creek Watershed using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Farhad Sakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
Good Range ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

Silver Creek Watershed has a basin of 1213.11 km2, located in Southern part of Illinois State (U.S.A), including highland silver lake and its east fork tributary. This research employs (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to analyze the watershed as a function of land use parameters. Diff erent parameters have been considered in sensitivity analysis to determine the most sensitive parameters for fl ow rate calibration within diff erent hydrological response units (HRUs). Inputs parameters include precipitations and meteorological data such as solar radiation, wind speed and direction, temperature, and relative humidity. Model was calibrated with measured daily data for Troy gage station. The main objective was to simulate and calibrate the fl ow rate with SWAT model. Uncertainty analysis has been performed with SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version-2) which is interfaced with SWAT applying iSWAT (generic coupling format program). Correlation between several stations within the domain has been calculated which showed a good range of Correlation (R2) values which means the pattern of meteorological data was evenly distributed. Finally based on the root mean of squares error (RMSE), (R2), NSE, and P-BIAS values, the accuracy of the calibration has been determined

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document