scholarly journals Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activity to streamflow variation

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 5251-5291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chang ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Model Parameter ◽  
Vic Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Water resources in river systems have been changing under the impacts of both climate variability and human activities. Assessing the respective impacts on decadal streamflow variation is important for water resources management. By using an elasticity-based method, calibrated TOPMODEL and VIC hydrologic models, we have quantitatively isolated the relative contributions that human activity and climate variability made to decadal streamflow changes in Jinhe basin located in northwest of China. This is an important watershed of Shaanxi Province that supplies drinking water for a population of over 6 million. The results from the three methods show that both human activity and climatic differences can have major effects on catchment streamflow, and the estimates of climate variability impacts from the hydrological models are similar to those from the elasticity-based method. Compared with the baseline period of 1960–1970, streamflow greatly decreased during 2001–2010. The change impacts of human activity and climate variability in 2001–2010 were about 83.5 and 16.5% of the total reduction respectively when averaged over the three methods. The maximum contribution value of human activity was appeared in 1981–1990 due to the effects of soil and water conservation measures and irrigation water withdrawal, which was 95, 112.5 and 92.4% from TOPMODEL, VIC model and elasticity-based method respectively. The maximum value of the aridity index (E0/P) was 1.91 appeared in 1991–2000. Compared with 1960–1970 baseline period, climate variability made the greatest contributions reduction in 1991–2000, which was 47.4, 43.9 and 29.9% from TOPMODEL, VIC model and elasticity-based method respectively. We emphasized various source of errors and uncertainties that may occurre in the hydrological model (parameter and structural uncertainty) and elasticity-based method (model parameter) in climate change impact studies.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activities on streamflow variation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1547-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxia Chang ◽  
Hongxue Zhang ◽  
Yimin Wang ◽  
Yuelu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Model Parameter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Water resources in river systems have been changing under the impact of both climate variability and human activities. Assessing the respective impact on decadal streamflow variation is important for water resource management. By using an elasticity-based method and calibrated TOPMODEL and VIC hydrological models, we quantitatively isolated the relative contributions that human activities and climate variability made to decadal streamflow changes in the Jinghe basin, located in the northwest of China. This is an important watershed of the Shaanxi province that supplies drinking water for a population of over 6 million people. The results showed that the maximum value of the moisture index (E0∕P) was 1.91 and appeared in 1991–2000, and the decreased speed of streamflow was higher since 1990 compared with 1960–1990. The average annual streamflow from 1990 to 2010 was reduced by 26.96 % compared with the multiyear average value (from 1960 to 2010). The estimates of the impacts of climate variability and human activities on streamflow decreases from the hydrological models were similar to those from the elasticity-based method. The maximum contribution value of human activities was 99 % when averaged over the three methods, and appeared in 1981–1990 due to the effects of soil and water conservation measures and irrigation water withdrawal. Climate variability made the greatest contribution to streamflow reduction in 1991–2000, the values of which was 40.4 %. We emphasized various source of errors and uncertainties that may occur in the hydrological model (parameter and structural uncertainty) and elasticity-based method (model parameter) in climate change impact studies.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activities on streamflow variation

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 12747-12788
Author(s):  
J. Chang ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Model Parameter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Water resources in river systems have been changing under the impact of both climate variability and human activities. Assessing the respective impact on decadal streamflow variation is important for water resource management. By using an elasticity-based method and calibrated TOPMODEL and VIC hydrological models, we quantitatively isolated the relative contributions that human activities and climate variability made to decadal streamflow changes in Jinghe basin, located in the northwest of China. This is an important watershed of Shaanxi Province that supplies drinking water for a population of over 6 million people. The results showed that the maximum value of the moisture index (E0/P) was 1.91 and appeared in 1991–2000 and that the decreased speed of streamflow was higher since 1990. The average annual streamflow from 1990 to 2010 was reduced by 26.96 % compared with the multi-year average value. The estimates of climate variability and the impact of human activities on streamflow decreases from the hydrological models were similar to those from the elasticity-based method. The maximum contribution value of human activities was appeared in 1981–1990 due to the effects of soil and water conservation measures and irrigation water withdrawal. Climate variability made the greatest contribution to reduction in 1991–2000, the values of which were 99 and 40.4 % when averaged over the three methods. We emphasized various source of errors and uncertainties that may occur in the hydrological model (parameter and structural uncertainty) and elasticity-based method (model parameter) in climate change impact studies.

scholarly journals Confronting South Africa’s water challenge: A decomposition analysis of water intensity

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Water Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Water is a vital natural resource, demanding careful management. It is essential for life and integral to virtually all economic activities, including energy and food production and the production of industrial outputs. The availability of clean water in sufficient quantities is not only a prerequisite for human health and well-being but the life-blood of freshwater ecosystems and the many services that these provide. Water resource intensity measures the intensity of water use in terms of volume of water per unit of value added. It is an internationally accepted environmental indicator of the pressure of economic activity on a country’s water resources and therefore a reliable indicator of sustainable economic development. The indicator is particularly useful in the allocation of water resources between sectors of the economy since in waterstressed countries like South Africa, there is competition for water among various users, which makes it necessary to allocate water resources to economic activities that are less intensive in their use of water. This study focuses on economy-wide changes in South Africa’s water intensity using both decomposition and empirical estimation techniques in an effort to identify and understand the impact of economic activity on changes in the use of the economy’s water resources. It is hoped that this study will help inform South Africa’s water conservation and resource management policies

Urban water demand assessment for sustainable water resources management, under climate change and socioeconomic changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Alamanos ◽  
Stamatis Sfyris ◽  
Chrysostomos Fafoutis ◽  
Nikitas Mylopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract The relationship between water abstraction and water availability has turned into a major stress factor in the urban exploitation of water resources. The situation is expected to be sharpened in the future due to the intensity of extreme meteorological phenomena, and socio-economic changes affecting water demand. In the city of Volos, Greece, the number of water counters has been tripled during the last four decades. This study attempts to simulate the city's network, supply system and water demand through a forecasting model. The forecast was examined under several situations, based on climate change and socio-economic observations of the city, using meteorological, water pricing, users' income, level of education, family members, floor and residence size variables. The most interesting outputs are: (a) the impact of each variable in the water consumption and (b) water balance under four management scenarios, indicating the future water management conditions of the broader area, including demand and supply management. The results proved that rational water management can lead to remarkable water conservation. The simulation of real scenarios and future situations in the city's water demand and balance, is the innovative element of the study, making it capable of supporting the local water utility.

scholarly journals Assessing water resources in China using PRECIS projections and a VIC model

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Q. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Jin ◽  
T. C. Pagano ◽  
R. Calow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vic Model ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Climate change is now a major environmental and developmental issue, and one that will increase the challenge of sustainable water resources management. In order to assess the implications of climate change for water resources in China, we calibrated a Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model with a resolution of 50×50 km2 using data from 125 well-gauged catchments. Based on similarities in climate conditions, soil texture and other variables, model parameters were transferred to other areas not covered by the calibrated catchments. Taking runoff in the period 1961–1990 as a baseline, we studied the impact of climate change on runoff under three emissions scenarios, A2, B2 and A1B. Model findings indicate that annual runoff over China as a whole will probably increase by approximately 3–10% by 2050, but with quite uneven spatial and temporal distribution. The prevailing pattern of "north dry and south wet" in China is likely to be exacerbated under global warming.

scholarly journals Drought risk assessments of water resources systems under climate change: a case study in Southern Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 12395-12433 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Yang ◽  
C. Chen ◽  
C. M. Kuo ◽  
H. W. Tseng ◽  
P. S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Future Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study aims at assessing the impact of climate change on drought risk in a water resources system in Southern Taiwan by integrating the weather generator, hydrological model and simulation model of reservoir operation. Three composite indices with multi-aspect measurements of reservoir performance (i.e. reliability, resilience and vulnerability) were compared by their monotonic behaviors to find a suitable one for the study area. The suitable performance index was then validated by the historical drought events and proven to have the capability of being a drought risk index in the study area. The downscaling results under A1B emission scenario from seven general circulation models were used in this work. The projected results show that the average monthly mean inflows during the dry season tend to decrease from the baseline period (1980–1999) to the future period (2020–2039); the average monthly mean inflows during the wet season may increase/decrease in the future. Based on the drought risk index, the analysis results for public and agricultural water uses show that the occurrence frequency of drought may increase and the severity of drought may be more serious during the future period than during the baseline period, which makes a big challenge on water supply and allocation for the authorities of reservoir in Southern Taiwan.

scholarly journals Analysis of regional features of water use structure in the North Caucasus. Part 1. Water availability and water consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Е.А. Rybak ◽  
◽  
О.О. Rybak ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Impact

The key task of the societal development is to ensure effective management of water resources. As a consequence of aggravation of water problems in the world, the issues of sustainable and guaranteed access to water are considered as one of the components of ensuring food security, conservation and restoration recovery of natural resources, which are the basis of life support for the population. To date, the regulation of water resources in the North Caucasus experiences difficulties resulting from fragmented water use, unequal access to water, and contradictory legislation in the field of water use regulation. These problems are compounded by two factors: climate change and demographic situation. The main problem of water consumption in Russia is the irrational and ineffective use of water resources and, as a result, high specific water consumption. In the North Caucasus, water consumption is currently one of the highest in Russia. The characteristics of the impact on water resources are directly related to the use of water, the main elements of which are the water withdrawal from natural sources, the use of water and the discharge of wastewater. Based on open statistical sources, we analyzed the current situation in the use of water resources in the North Caucasus. The North Caucasus is characterized by problems similar to those of many regions of the country, in particular, large losses during transportation due to the emergency state of water supply networks and treatment facilities. Water supply problems in the North Caucasus are expected to worsen in the future. If urgent measures are not taken, the complex of problems will only accumulate. To overcome their negative consequences, it is necessary to revise the water use strategy and change the water consumption structure.

Water Conservation in Conditions of Water Withdrawal from Surface Water Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Alexander Strelkov ◽  
Svetlana Teplykh ◽  
Pavel Gorshkalev ◽  
Anastasia Bystranova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Current State

The paper aims to assess fish fauna current state and water withdrawal impact on biological water resources. It also describes a plan of fish stock restoration designed for a certain real object to compensate for the damage caused and analyses results of its implementations.

scholarly journals Integrated RAGA-PP water demand forecast model (case study: Shaanxi Province, China)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yanning Mao ◽  
Yuqi Ma ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yuan Bai
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Demand Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The demand for water resources in Shaanxi Province increases greatly due to the continuous growth of its population and the rapid development of the social economy. Water demand forecasting is a significant issue in the designing, maintaining and operating of a reliable and economical water supply system. An explicit mathematical method was presented in this study, based on the indicators of industrial output value, such as the gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The impact of total retail sales and year trends in the domestic or industrial water demands, can accurately forecast the water demand fluctuations for a municipality. Adopt RAGA-PP optimal selection model through a grouping method of data handling for water demand management to test for the case study Shaanxi, China. Results showed that the prediction effect of multivariate logarithmic model accuracy can reach 99.50%, and it is estimated that the demand for water resources in Shaanxi would exceed 10 billion m3 by 2030. The average relative error of the water consumption from 2015 to 2017 is 3.05% for the model of multiple linear and 0.50% for the model of multivariate logarithm model. Our framework can assist in developing sustainable solutions.

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