scholarly journals Redefining of “EPSG” and “PROJ” for current State Coordinate Reference System of the Republic of North Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bashkim Idrizi
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Coordinate Transformations ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Current State ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

Abstract. The state Coordinate Reference System (CRS) of the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) has been established a century ago, by the Military Geographic Institute of the Yugoslavia Kingdom. It is in official usage entire period up to day. In international public EPSG registry of geodetic datums, spatial reference systems, Earth ellipsoids, coordinate transformations and related units of measurement, CRS for RNM is recognizable within 3 EPSG codes 6204, 6316 and 8679.First code EPSG 6204 represents current state CRS for the entire country area, based on current law, however unfortunately this CRS is official by the law but it is not used for developing the official spatial data published in geoportals of Agency for Real Estate Cadastre (AREC) and NSDI geoportal of RNM. The second code EPSG 6316 is defined to be used for 6 countries of former Yugoslavia that covers area between 19.5°E up to 22.5°E longitude, which does not correspond with the practical and official usage of CRS for working with spatial data in RNM and CRS law definition in RNM. Third code EPSG 8679 has never been used in RNM, which covers eastern part of RNM and Serbia beginning from 22.5°E.Beside of problems with EPSG codes, default transformation parameters of EPSG 6316 have low accuracy and can not be used for data overlapping with open layers. Therefore, redefined new EPSG codes for state CRS of RNM are proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals The current state of the creation and modernization of national geodetic and cartographic resources in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Doskocz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Current State ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Official Data

AbstractAll official data are currently integrated and harmonized in a spatial reference system. This paper outlines a national geodetic and cartographic resources in Poland. The national geodetic and cartographic resources are an important part of the spatial information infrastructure in the European Community. They also provide reference data for other resources of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), including: main and detailed geodetic control networks, base maps, land and buildings registries, geodetic registries of utilities and topographic maps. This paper presents methods of producing digital map data and technical standards for field surveys, and in addition paper also presents some aspects of building Global and Regional SDI.

Spatial Reference Systems in the Comprehension of Rotational Motion

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Pani ◽  
Davido Dupree
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Environmental Reference ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Primary Reference

In certain simple rotations of objects, the orientation of the axis and planes of rotation can determine whether people are able to visualize the motion or perceive it as simple and coherent. This finding affords the opportunity to investigate the spatial reference systems used to define the orientation of the axis and planes of rotation. The results of two experiments suggest that the permanent environment is the primary reference system, apart from the rotating object, used for this purpose. Subjects also were able to use a local spatial environment to determine the orientation of the motion; some subjects were particularly adept at this. The viewer perspective, in contrast, was irrelevant as a reference system in these experiments. These results argue strongly for the primacy of environmental reference systems in the perception and imagination of orientation and extend the set of findings common between the comprehension of rotational motion and orientation-sensitive form perception.

scholarly journals Dzieje wojska Polskich Sił Zbrojnych w latach 1940–1947. Stan badań i perspektywy rozwoju (część 1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-107
Author(s):  
Juliusz Tym
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Military ◽  
Western Historiography

The article presents the current state of research on a fragment of the history of the Polish military – the history of the army, i.e. land army units of the Polish Armed Forces existing in the years 1940–1947 in the West and subordinated to the legal authorities of the Republic of Poland in London, as well as prospects for the development of this research. The author focused primarily on non-serial publications which have appeared since 1945 until today. Discussing the state of research, he presented the achievements of both emigration and national historiography. In the latter, he distinguished two periods: before and after 1990. He also discussed the achievements of Western historiography in this field. The author concentrated on the most important trends in historiography so far and on the predominant trends in editing sources, memoirs, biographies and monographs, which he grouped thematically. Author also mentioned the most important archives, both Polish and foreign, in which sources necessary for the reconstruction of the history of the military of the Polish Armed Forces can be found. As far as scientific journals are concerned, the author just mentioned a few of the most important ones published in exile and two leading historical and military ones published in Poland. He also pointed to the most important Polish and foreign archives, which contain sources necessary for the reconstruction of the history of the Polish Armed Forces. The author also characterized briefly the potential of the particular scientific circles that conduct professional research on the history of the Polish Armed Forces. Discussing the prospects for the development of this research, he pointed out the suggested directions and topics that remain undiscovered. He stressed that there are still many areas awaiting scientific exploration. Casting light on the results of the investigations, including new findings, opens up the possibility of writing many articles, including source papers, because many aspects of the functioning of the Polish Armed Forces are still unexplored. It is also a field for many monographs and syntheses

scholarly journals Evaluation of selected elements of the potential of the Polish Armed Forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Fitness Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military

The article contains a presentation of the Polish Armed Forces and in-depth characteristics of selected areas, which, in the author's opinion, determine the level of its military potential. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland were characterized, focusing on the main defense tasks that are set for soldiers of the Polish Army in the context of fighting and securing the interests of the Polish state, as well as tasks resulting from international agreements. A definition of the Armed Forces potential was showing the approach to this issue by various authors. The number of soldiers was assessed and compared with the strength of the world's most powerful armies as well as the armies of neighboring countries. An analysis of material resources was made, presenting not only their current state, but also the prospects for development. In this context, the current state of armament of the Land Forces of the Polish Armed Forces as well as the main armament and equipment of the Polish Armed Forces are presented in detail. Additionally, it was emphasized that apart from personal and material resources, an extremely important element influencing the military potential is the psychophysical condition of Polish soldiers. Therefore, the elements of the psychophysical condition were characterized, including mental health, personality traits and physical fitness. It was emphasized that a particularly important feature that should characterize a soldier is high level of physical fitness. In order to understand this problem well, physical fitness has been defined according to the approach of various authors, gross motor skills have been described, broken down into fitness and non-fitness skills, and the method of assessing the physical fitness of soldiers of the Polish Army has been presented. In the last stage, reference was made to the results of the physical fitness assessment presented in the available national literature. In this approach, the basic results of research carried out, among others, are presented. on soldiers of Special Forces and air cavalry.

MORE SIMPLIFICATION OF THE SYSTEM OF STATE REGISTRATION OF REAL ESTATE RIGHTS IN THE REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol Special issue (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Behzod Axmadov ◽  
◽  
Jonibek Pirimov ◽  
Farangiz Adizova
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Registration

RETAIL BANKING SERVICES AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Zafar Umarov ◽  
◽  
Shahnoza Pardayeva
Keyword(s):  
Retail Banking ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic

This article is about a market of retail banking services in Uzbekistan and development of this market. It covered the practical significance of retail banking services, analyzes the current state and ways to improve it. The article analyzes past and current years,identifies problems and provides recommendations for addressing them.

Technological and Economic Aspects of Intensive Gardening Development in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
L.A. Velibekova ◽  
◽  
Sh.M. Magomedgadgiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nursery Management ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Key Industry ◽  
Fruit Plantations

The article notes that the growing popularity of healthy lifestyles contributes to the increase in consumption of fruits and berries. At the same time, the analysis of the dynamics of the gardening industry for 2000-2018 shows that the problem of providing fresh fruits and berries to the population remains one of the most important. Based on actual data, linear and logarithmic models of time series of key industry indicators for the period 2010 – 2019 have been compiled. Calculations showed that in the Russian Federation as a whole the trend of reduction of sown areas of perennial fruit plantations will continue with growth of yield and gross fees. In this regard, the issues of distribution and introduction of gardens of intensive type are updated. An overview of the views of domestic scientists-gardeners on the concept of “intensive garden” is given. It has been established that the distribution of intensive gardens is possible only if there are favorable natural and climatic conditions and a developed scientific and production base of nursery management. The current state and problems of gardening in one of the leading regions – the Republic of Dagestan - are considered. A significant technological lag of region in the further development of intensive horticulture has been identified. Various directions of intensification process in horticulture as the main and necessary condition of growth of efficient and sustainable production are summarized.

BASIC ASPECTS OF THE FISCAL POLICY OF THE STATE IN THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
B. Kh. ALIYEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Constituent Entity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The article examines the current state of the fiscal policy of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which is a combination of diverse economic management measures based on the distribution and redistribution of financial flows. The analysis of fiscal policy on the example of the subject of the Russian Federation (Republic of Dagestan). The article outlines the problematic issues of the tax policy of the Republic of Dagestan and suggests ways to overcome the identified problems.

Creation and updating the I and II classes leveling network in the territory of the Republic of Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 957 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
P.A. Khodakov ◽  
A.V. Basmanov
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic

The authors discuss the current state of the Main high-altitude base (hereinafter – GVO) of the Republic of Crimea, taking into account the work at leveling I and II classes completed in 2016. This work was performed as part of the implementation of the activities of the Modernization and Optimization Programs of the Main High-Altitude Base of Russia. The results of implementing these Programs are considered, they are

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