System analysis of the real estate accounting procedure using blockchain technology

At the moment, one of the country’s most valuable resources is real estate. Real estate has a special economic and social status, and the legislators of some countries impose special requirements for the real estate registration. On the basis of the documents on the completed transaction, the transfer of ownership is carried out by making changes to the real estate register. The article describes in detail the procedures for the state registration or rights as well as Blockchain technology based on the cadastral accounting procedure for real estate objects. English version of the article on is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/system-analysis-of-the-real-estate-accounting-procedure-using-blockchain-technology/73672.html

Can the USRR data be base for land administration? (by example of the Baikal natural territory)

The purpose of the article is to investigate whether it is possible to implement the 20-years-ago idea about creation a multifactorial database on land plots based on the land cadaster at the current level of the real estate register, which is necessary for public land administration at different levels. The main attention is focused on the cartographic component. The authors concluded that data of the real estate register is not enough for information support of the public land administration, therefore, the formation of industry resources and information exchange between them is absolutely necessary.

Legal issues of implementation of the principle of publicity of the real estate register in the People’s Republic of China

The principle of publicity is one of the basic principles of real right and one of the important conditions for implementation of the principle of public credibility of the real estate title registration. During operation of China’s Law on Real Rights, a range of problems has emerged with the provisions in this part in doctrine and practice, for example: nature of the registration authority and its impact upon operation of the principle of public credibility of the real estate register, ambiguity of the category of interested person, method of confirmation of interest of the applicant, etc. Due to time constraint, these issues have not been eliminated as a result of recent enactment of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China. There are plenty of disputes within the Chinese civil law doctrine. This article analyses the evolution of the legislation in force regarding the principle of publicity of the real estate register and state registration in PRC, as well as outlines the array of issues. The goal of this research lies in determination and assessment of significant flaws in the current legislation. The novelty consists in critical analysis of the existing problems and gaps in current legislation of the People's Republic of China, as well as the author's position based on the analysis of China’s social situation. The acquired results reveal the need for the development of the unified scientifically grounded legislation. The author believes that this work would contribute to development of the next stage of PRC legislation in terms of real estate title registration, lay groundwork for implementation of the principle of public credibility of the real estate register, as well as familiarize Russian audience with China’s experience on the matter.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE LOCAL BUDGETS’ ROLE: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

The purpose of this study is to determine the peculiarities of the development of local budgets in Ukraine in the frame of decentralization reform in the context of established trends in local budgeting in other countries. The research methodology is based on the theory of financial globalization and involves methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific knowledge, tools of analysis and synthesis, expert evaluation, generalization and analogy. As a result of the research, the foreign experience of forming local budgets is highlighted and the peculiarities of this process in different countries of the world are determined; a review of existing publications and an analysis of the dynamics of the structure of local budgets and Ukraine are done; qualitative characteristic of the current situation and recommendations for further development of the local budgeting process in Ukraine in the current conditions of globalization are provided. Among the main recommendations for increasing the revenue part of local budgets there are the following: creation of additional conditions by the state and local governments to improve the business climate in communities; inventory and arrangement of community land funds; creation and arrangement of the real estate register; audit of the communal enterprises activities of the community in order to find additional opportunities to increase the efficiency of their activities; support and motivation of local business for further activity and development; intensification of the centers of administrative services and search for opportunities which will improve the provision of paid services of any complexity in the short term; promoting the development of domestic tourism. The practical value of the results of this research is that the proposed recommendations are general, relevant and can be used for all territorial communities of Ukraine with no exception. The analysis of trends in the context of local budgeting development processes in other countries and the current situation regarding decentralization reform allowed us to conclude that Ukraine has chosen the right direction, which has a positive impact on the financial capacity of local communities. Ukraine’s path towards transforming the role of local budgets, despite the similarity of the general features of local budget restructuring, should be unique. The implementation of the presented proposals will contribute to the successful completion of the decentralization reform and the full implementation of the role of local budgets – ensuring sustainable financial capacity and meeting all the needs of the inhabitants of a particular area.

Operational evaluation of the risk of development of waterflowing for making information in the unified state real estate register using GIS technologies (on the example of the Ob-Tomsk interfluve)

The article analyzes the existing procedure for entering information on the boundaries of zones with special conditions for the use of territories in the Unified State Register of Real Estate using the example of flooding zones. The basic regulatory documents governing the procedure and procedure for establishing flood zones are identified, in which gaps are identified in the requirements for the content of the work to determine the boundaries of such zones and assess their accuracy. In this connection, it is proposed to use the algorithm developed by the authors to determine the boundaries of the zones of underflooding development based on the analysis of the hydrographic network and digital terrain model using GIS technologies. This methodology is aimed at an operational assessment of the conditions of built-up and built-up territories, which allows to reduce the financial costs of conducting expensive engineering surveys, the need of which remains to clarify the results of computer mapping in the most critical areas. The norms of accuracy of determining the boundaries of flood zones are proposed, which will correspond to the accuracy of determining the boundaries of the lands of the water fund. In order to test the developed algorithm, we chose the territory of the Ob-Tomsk interfluve, for which zoning was carried out according to the depth of groundwater and the territories of moderate and severe flooding were identified for the purpose of further more detailed study. Keywords: GIS technology; occurrence depth; Unified state register of real estate; flood zone; engineering survey; restrictions The groundwater; zoning of the territory; accuracy of determination of coordinates; business activity.

JUSTIFICATION OF NECESSITY FOR BATTLEFIELDS REGISTRATION IN THE UNIFIED STATE REAL ESTATE REGISTER

The presented work describes the lands where military operations took place during the Great Pat-riotic War. It is analyzed how these territories can affect human lives, human health and the environ-ment. The main negative factors of these lands are environmental damage to the top soils, ground wa-ters, and the possibility of explosion. The moral and ethical factors associated with the burial of sol-diers are also considered. The authors analyzed the legislation that regulates the use of such territories and gave recommendations about the inventory of battlefields. It is proposed to allocate these territo-ries to zones with special use conditions and then to insert the information about them in the unified state register of real estate. There has been developed the 8-steps methodology to establish borders of military operations. The proposed algorithm describes the work implementation, possible tools, devic-es and software. According to the authors, it is necessary to take into account these lands in order to prevent the hazard of lives and to develop further measures to improve the quality of top soil and ground waters, as well as to reduce the cadastre value and taxes for landowners.

RELEVANT ISSUES OF LEGAL AND REGULATORY AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF CADASTRAL WORKS FOR DETERMIING FLOODING AND UNDERFLOODING ZONE BOUNDARIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF REAL ESTATE OBJECTS IN EMERGENCIES

Since 2014 the Russian Federation has been carrying out the works for determining flooding and underflooding zones near water objects. It is legally stated that the information about the boundaries of such zones must be inserted into the Unified State Real Estate Register. However, the range of legal and regulatory and technological issues in determining the boundaries of flooding zones has not yet been solved and the works have not been completed to the full extent. The article performs the analysis of governing regulatory documents as well as the amendments accepted in 2019, devoted to the improvement of the procedure for determining flooding and under flooding zones. As the argument of relevance of determining flooding and underflooding zones were considered the examples of cata-strophic floods on the territory of the Russian Federation, which caused billion-ruble losses to the state as well as to the real estate owners. The article substantiates the necessity of computer-based forecasting modeling of emergencies, related to flooding of territories and determining the boundaries of the emergency geospace – the flooding and underflooding zones. The article draws the technological scheme of the actions for determining emergency geospace. There have been built the digital forecast-ing models of the flooding zones on the territory of the Novosibirsk city in disastrous flood. There has been drawn the information about the registered geodata base of flooding zones in residential areas of the Novosibirsk region during seasonal river floods. To optimize the processes of entering information about flooding and underflooding zones into the unified state register of real estate, a technological scheme for establishing flooding and flooding zones has been developed and introduced into the work of the Verhne-Obskoj Basin Water Management. There has been shown the positive impact of determination and registration in state informational resource of the data about flooding and under-flooding zone boundaries. In particular this information allows to perform the evaluation of territorial stability of land-property complex spatial structures. On the basis of statistical data on damage due to floods, there has been drawn the conclusion about the necessity of tax reduction on real estate in areas of possible emergencies and redistribution of funds of real estate owners for property insurance.

TO THE ISSUE OF ESTABLISHING SANITARY-PROTECTIVE ZONES AND REGISTRATION THEIR BOUNDARIES IN THE UNIFIED STATE REAL ESTATE REGISTER

The article analyzes the current regulatory and legal support in the field of accounting sanitary protection zones, the changes of 2020. Based on the analysis, a draft sanitary protection zone of the business entity was developed, an analysis of the impact on the environment and human health was carried out, the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone were substantiated and established, and the process of their entry into the unified state real estate register was described. Based on the developed project, measures to reduce the environmental impact are proposed, recommendations on conducting sanitary-hygienic control are given.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING ANDTOPOGRAPHIC PLANS WITH THE ELEMENTS OF VISUALIZATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF USRER MAITENANCE AND ENGINEERING NETWORKS OF THE CITY MANAGEMENT

The article considers the questions of the informativity of digital engineering-topographic plans. It is stated that existing engineering topographic plans do not display the information about engineering communications sufficiently, especially if their concentration increases due to continuous urbanization of the city. As the solution of this problem it was suggested earlier to use nonmetric-type cameras for creating digital photos - as clarifying information. However, nowadays this task has not been fully completed. The article gives the scheme of geodetic works for development of digital engineering-topographic plans (with the elements of visualization for the purposes of Unified State Real Estate Register maintenance and management of engineering networks of the city. The given work scheme for solving the problem of information insufficiency of engineering-topographic plans is suggested. Key words: e

A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO REGISTRADOR NO REGISTRO ELETRÔNICOTHE CIVIL LIABILITY OF THE REAL ESTATE REGISTER IN THE ELECTRONIC REGISTRY

Para acompanhar o avanço da tecnologia e as novas demandas da sociedade, foi instituído o registro eletrônico de imóveis. Com ele, os serviços prestados pelo registro de imóveis serão realizados de forma mais ágil e eficaz, pois diminuirá custos e burocracias para aquisição de documentos e informações, além do controle dos serviços, que serão realizados, inteiramente de maneira eletrônica. No entanto, em virtude desse avanço tecnológico, algumas preocupações recaem sobre os registradores. Dentre elas está a preservação da segurança jurídica e a consequente responsabilidade civil, que mesmo constando expressamente em lei suas diretrizes, ainda pairam inúmeras discussões. Objetiva-se explanar sobre a responsabilidade civil que recai sobre o Oficial, considerando que inexiste norma regulamentadora específica com relação ao registro eletrônico. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, além dos métodos histórico e dedutivo. Como resultado preliminar, pode-se apontar que, alguns doutrinadores entendem que o registro eletrônico acarretará certa insegurança aos atos praticados, uma vez que os dados estarão circulando na rede. Porém, a maioria acredita que cabe a eles, a função de se adequar às exigências legais, ressaltando a importância e valorizando os inúmeros benefícios que o registro eletrônico proporcionará a todos.