scholarly journals A NEW HANDHELD SCANNER FOR 3D SURVEY OF SMALL ARTIFACTS: THE STONEX F6

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Patrucco ◽  
F. Rinaudo ◽  
A. Spreafico
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Architectural Models ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Handheld Scanner ◽  
The Temple

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Movable heritage preserved in our museums are an invaluable evidence of our past. In order to properly respond to the need of 3D documentation of these significant assets, in the last few years both range-based and image-based solutions have been developed by researchers operating in the framework of Geomatics with a special focus on reaching a high level of detail and on texture radiometric quality, taking into consideration the intrinsic fragility of these kinds of objects which during the survey require a contactless approach. During the presented research a collection of architectural models representing ancient Nubian temples from “Museo Egizio di Torino” had been digitalized using different techniques; in particular, the wooden maquette of the temple of El-Hilla has been acquired using a new structured light handheld laser scanner, the Stonex F6 SR, and applying a close-range photogrammetric approach. In this paper a comparison between the two approaches is proposed as regards acquisition workflow, final results and suitability as regards digitisation of objects belonging to movable heritage and museum collections.</p>

scholarly journals SURVEY AND VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT ROMAN FLOORS IN AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fazio ◽  
M. Lo Brutto ◽  
G. Dardanelli
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
First Results ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Standards Adoption ◽  
High Level ◽  
Floor Surfaces ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Temple

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Despite the consistent development of approaches aimed at the virtual reconstruction of whole houses or archaeological monuments, the variety of technologies involved in virtual reconstruction procedures and the complexity of a rigorous process to provide validation models, seems to limit a univocal and shared standards adoption. For example, compared to the large number of contributions on the virtual reconstruction of whole architectures or cultural heritage sites, only a few works have proposed a rigorous workflow specific to mosaics and ancient floors and to their virtual reconstruction. The goal of this work is to present the first results on the virtual reconstruction of the "Temple of Isis" in Marsala (Italy); in particular, the work is aimed at the virtual reconstruction of the mosaic and the <i>opus spicatum</i> floor still preserved <i>in situ</i>. A close-range photogrammetric survey was carried out in order to provide a detailed floors 3D reconstruction; a structure-from-motion photogrammetry approach was employed to obtain a detailed 2D and 3D documentation with millimetric accuracy and high level of colour fidelity. Thanks to the photogrammetric products, accurate virtual restoration/reconstruction of the whole floor surfaces was conducted in a rigorous way and as close as possible to the historical reality.</p>

scholarly journals Strategy for Determining the Stochastic Distance Characteristics of the 2D Laser Scanner Z + F Profiler 9012A with Special Focus on the Close Range

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Heinz ◽  
Markus Mettenleiter ◽  
Heiner Kuhlmann ◽  
Christoph Holst
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Close Range

Kinematic laser scanning with moving platforms has been used for the acquisition of 3D point clouds of our environment for many years. A main application of these mobile systems is the acquisition of the infrastructure, e.g., the road surface and buildings. Regarding this, the distance between laser scanner and object is often notably shorter than 20 m. In the close range, however, divergent incident laser light can lead to a deterioration of the precision of laser scanner distance measurements. In the light of this, we analyze the distance precision of the 2D laser scanner Z + F Profiler 9012A, purpose-built for kinematic applications, in the range of up to 20 m. In accordance with previous studies, a clear dependency between scan rate, intensity of the backscattered laser light and distance precision is evident, which is used to derive intensity-based stochastic models for the sensor. For this purpose, a new approach for 2D laser scanners is proposed that is based on the static scanning of surfaces with different backscatter. The approach is beneficial because the 2D laser scanner is operated in its normal measurement mode, no sophisticated equipment is required and no model assumptions for the scanned surface are made. The analysis reveals a lower precision in the range below 5 m caused by a decreased intensity. However, the Z + F Profiler 9012A is equipped with a special hardware-based close range optimization partially compensating for this. Our investigations show that this optimization works best at a distance of about 2 m. Although increased noise remains a critical factor in the close range, the derived stochastic models are also valid below 5 m.

Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodway ◽  
Karen Gillies ◽  
Astrid Schepman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Term Change ◽  
High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17  s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

scholarly journals Multi-Sensor Fusion for Aerial Robots in Industrial GNSS-Denied Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3921
Author(s):  
Paloma Carrasco ◽  
Francisco Cuesta ◽  
Rafael Caballero ◽  
Francisco J. Perez-Grau ◽  
Antidio Viguria
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Fusion ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Aerial Robots ◽  
3D Localization ◽  
High Level

The use of unmanned aerial robots has increased exponentially in recent years, and the relevance of industrial applications in environments with degraded satellite signals is rising. This article presents a solution for the 3D localization of aerial robots in such environments. In order to truly use these versatile platforms for added-value cases in these scenarios, a high level of reliability is required. Hence, the proposed solution is based on a probabilistic approach that makes use of a 3D laser scanner, radio sensors, a previously built map of the environment and input odometry, to obtain pose estimations that are computed onboard the aerial platform. Experimental results show the feasibility of the approach in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency.

scholarly journals German-Algerian Relations by the Early 2020s in the Context of the Germany’s Regional Policy: Political and Military Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-699
Author(s):  
Philipp O. Trunov
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a noticeable increase in German efforts to ensure security in the Mediterranean Sea. This is part of the growing activities to ensure a strong strategic position in North and West Africa, including the settlement of existing armed conflicts here as sources of threats to instability for Germany and its EU partners. Consequently, Germany found itself increasingly interested in finding reliable strategic partners, one of which is Algeria, which makes the topic of this article relevant. The purpose of the study is to examine bilateral security and defense relations with a special focus on the second half of the 2010s and early 2020s with the help of comparative and event-analysis. Having an applied character, this topic has not yet found detailed coverage in the works of both domestic and foreign, especially German, researchers. The historic background of the German-Algerian dialogue is presented. The growth of high-level contacts in the second half of the 2010s is shown, with Germany having to focus on negotiations with the frequently changing figure of the Algerian prime minister. The article also explores the constraints for the cooperation of German and Algerian armed forces on land and sea, as well as the dynamics of military-technical cooperation. The bilateral cooperation in the resolution of the armed conflict in Mali, first of all, in its northern region (Gao, Kidal and Timbuktu) is considered. The political and diplomatic cooperation on the Libyan track in the middle and second half of the 2010s, as well as shortly after the Berlin Conference on Libya in January 2020, is revealed. In the early 2020s, there was a sharp decline in the intensity and volume of bilateral cooperation in almost all areas. In addition to COVID-19, the importance of domestic political factors and the temporary decline in the practical value of the partnership in Libya and Mali for Germany are stressed. A forecast of the dynamics of bilateral relations is finally given.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Corporate Loan Process in the Turkish Banking Sector: A Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Birgün ◽  
Sudi Apak
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Corporate Loan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

The aim of the present study is to develop a model for the integration of lean thinking into the corporate loan process with a special focus on the utilization of the value stream mapping technique. In line with this aim the study proposes a three-legged model specifically for the corporate loan processes of banks in Turkey as a developing country pursuing to integrate into the global financial world. The three dimensions included in the model are operational dimension, staff dimension and customer experience dimension. The study argues that by applying the proposed model based on the lean six sigma approach, banks can achieve and sustain a high level of improvement that would increase speed, value creation, cost-efficiency, profitability and customer satisfaction and reduce waste, processing time and effort, duplication and prolonging of transactions, redundancies, risks and errors in the whole corporate loan process.

scholarly journals THE FACADE’S DOME OF THE ST. ANTHONY’S BASILICA IN PADUA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diaz ◽  
S. M. Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Human Effort

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The basilica of St. Anthony in Padua (13th–14th cent.) is one of the most remarkable pilgrimage sites in Italy. To date, the monument itself has never been subject to a comprehensive stratigraphic analysis. Important information about the construction sequence of the building may be conserved in the domed roofs protecting the inner masonry shells.</p><p>The present paper will focus on the dome next to the facade. During the survey, data acquisition via laser scanner have been flanked by standard tasks. Specifically, the stratification analysis of the timber framework of the dome requires to measure the entire structure, including parts with difficult access, and calls for many scan bases to go further the sight obstacles represented by the rafters and the horizontal collar-beams. Therefore, application of laser scanning might appear difficult at first sight.</p><p>The authors will show that the approach confirms the suitability of the laser scanner technology in facing the general complexity of the structure. The development of a graphic documentation in CAD environment entailed a manageable complexity in terms of time-consumption and precision in data processing. So far, the plans reveal the irregular profile of the dome in its inner masonry shell, and of the outer masonry drum. The sections show a two-centre curvature of the elevation of the outer timber shell. However, the joints among the rafters, ribs, and tie-beams still require a series of traditional in-depth assessments acquired in close-range access.</p><p>Nevertheless, the pragmatic investigative modus operandi, tested up to now, does represent a fixed protocol suitable to be iterated and perfected for each cupola. In such complex structures, the laser scanning process confirms to be a valid strategy to reach a good compromise between time consumption, human effort, and millimetre precision. In this way, the collected material provides a first contribution to acquire knowledge on this Italian medieval masterpiece, which stands out on the international scenario for its historical richness and architectural complexity.</p>

Culture in Early Aboriginal Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Flood
Keyword(s):  
Special Focus ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Aboriginal Australia ◽  
Cognitive Archaeology ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rock Shelters

On the basis of recent archaeological evidence it seems that humans first entered the Australian continent about 60,000 years ago. These first ocean-going mariners had a high level of technological and economic skill, and had spread right across Australia into a wide variety of environments by about 35,000 years ago. Pigment showing clear signs of use occurs in almost all Australia's oldest known occupation sites, and evidence of self-awareness such as necklaces and beads has been found in several Pleistocene rock shelters. Rituals were carried out in connection with disposal of the dead, for at Lake Mungo there is a 25,000-year-old cremation, and ochre was scattered onto the corpse in a 30,000-year-old inhumation. Complex symbolic behaviour is attested at least 40,000 years ago by petroglyphs in the Olary district, and other evidence suggests a similar antiquity for rock paintings. The special focus of this article is cognitive archaeology, the study of past ways of thought as derived from material remains, particularly the development of early Australian artistic systems.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Settled Techniques: A Support to Detect Pathologies and Safety Conditions of Timber Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Bertolini-Cestari ◽  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Stefano Invernizzi ◽  
Tanja Marzi ◽  
Antonia Spanò
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Close Range ◽  
High Resolution Model ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Non Destructive

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for detailed geometrical representation of the existing cultural heritage, in particular to improve the comprehension of interactions between different phenomena and to allow a better decisional and planning process. The LiDAR technology (Light Detection and Ranging) can be adopted in different fields, ranging from aerial applications to mobile and terrestrial mapping systems. One of the main target of this study is to propose an integration of innovative and settled inquiring techniques, ranging from the reading of the technological system, to non-destructive tools for diagnosis and 3D metric modeling of buildings heritage. Many inquiring techniques, including Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) method, have been exploited to study the main room of the Valentino Castle in Torino. The so-called “Salone delle Feste”, conceived in the XVIIth century under the guidance of Carlo di Castellamonte, has been selected as a test area. The beautiful frescos and stuccoes of the domical vault are sustained by a typical Delorme carpentry, whose span is among the largest of their kind. The dome suffered from degradation during the years, and a series of interventions were put into place. A survey has revealed that the suspender cables above the vault in the region close to the abutments have lost their tension. This may indicate an increase of the vault deformation; therefore a structural assessment of the dome is mandatory. The high detailed metric survey, carried out with integrated laser scanning and digital close range photogrammetry, reinforced the structural hypothesis of damages and revealed the deformation effects. In addition, the correlation between the survey-model of the intrados and of the extrados allowed a non-destructive and extensive determination of the dome thickness. The photogram-metrical survey of frescos, with the re-projection of images on vault surface model (texture mapping), is purposed to exactly localize formers restoration and their signs on frescos continuity. The present paper illustrates the generation of the 3D high-resolution model and its relations with the results of the structural survey; both of them support the Finite Element numerical simulation of the dome.

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