scholarly journals Assessment of OSCAT winds for coastal circulation on the north western continental shelf of India

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 1073-1077
Author(s):  
M. Salim ◽  
K. Nagendra ◽  
S. Bansal ◽  
R. K. Nayak ◽  
M. S. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Coastal Circulation ◽  
Tracer Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
Wind Driven Currents

Winds and tides are the major driving forces of the circulation in the coastal and marginal seas. Data Interpolating Variation Analysis (DIVA) method is used to generate spatial and time series data of sea surface winds for the period 2010–2013 at daily time scale from the OSCAT observations. Validity and consistency of the data were examined against the in situ observations and ECMWF re-analysis at different time scales. Amplitude of semi-annual cycle of OSCAT winds in the coastal domain is 30 % larger than the ECMWF winds while the amplitude of annual cycle of OSCAT winds is 20 % smaller than the ECMWF winds. On the open oceans, intensity of respective semi-annual cycles are mostly similar while annual cycle of OSCAT wind is 20 % smaller than the ECMWF winds. Wind driven currents over the western continental shelf of India were simulated by forcing OSCAT and ECMWF winds to a coastal circulation model. It is observed that the mean seasonal circulations from both the simulations are identical spatial pattern however the magnitude of simulated currents based on OSCAT winds are much stronger than ECMWF wind forcing. These currents used in a lagrangian tracer transport code to model the oil-spill events occurred in this region. It revealed that OSCAT based ocean currents has performed better in simulating the trajectory than the ECMWF wind driven currents.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Recommendations for Establishing Threshold Values for the NIS Trend Indicator in the Mediterranean Sea

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Marika Galanidi ◽  
Argyro Zenetos
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the present work, we analysed time series data on the introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in the Mediterranean between 1970 and 2017, aiming to arrive at recommendations concerning the reference period and provisional threshold values for the NIS trend indicator. We employed regression analysis and breakpoint structural analysis. Our results confirm earlier findings that the reference conditions differ for the four Mediterranean subregions, and support a shortening of the reporting cycle from six to three years, with a two-year time lag for the ensuing assessment. Excluding Lessepsian fishes and parasites, the reference period, defined as the most recent time segment with stable mean new NIS values, was estimated as 1997–2017 for the eastern Mediterranean, 2012–2017 for the central Mediterranean, 2000–2017 for the Adriatic and 1970–2017 for the western Mediterranean. These findings are interpreted primarily on the basis of a basin scale temperature regime shift in the late 1990s, shifts in driving forces such as shellfish culture, and as a result of intensified research efforts and citizen scientist initiatives targeting NIS in the last decade. The threshold values, i.e., the three-year average new NIS values during the reference period, are indicative and will ultimately depend on the choice of species and pathways to be used in the calculations. This is discussed through the prism of target setting in alignment with specific management objectives.

scholarly journals Parameter uncertainty of a dynamic multispecies size spectrum model

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Spence ◽  
Paul G. Blackwell ◽  
Julia L. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Spectrum Model

Dynamic size spectrum models have been recognized as an effective way of describing how size-based interactions can give rise to the size structure of aquatic communities. They are intermediate-complexity ecological models that are solutions to partial differential equations driven by the size-dependent processes of predation, growth, mortality, and reproduction in a community of interacting species and sizes. To be useful for quantitative fisheries management these models need to be developed further in a formal statistical framework. Previous work has used time-averaged data to “calibrate” the model using optimization methods with the disadvantage of losing detailed time-series information. Using a published multispecies size spectrum model parameterized for the North Sea comprising 12 interacting fish species and a background resource, we fit the model to time-series data using a Bayesian framework for the first time. We capture the 1967–2010 period using annual estimates of fishing mortality rates as input to the model and time series of fisheries landings data to fit the model to output. We estimate 38 key parameters representing the carrying capacity of each species and background resource, as well as initial inputs of the dynamical system and errors on the model output. We then forecast the model forward to evaluate how uncertainty propagates through to population- and community-level indicators under alternative management strategies.

Municipal changes in Slovakia. The evidence from spatial data.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Martin MARIS
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The West ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The North ◽  
Statistical Criteria

The main objective of the paper is to examine the evolution of spatial patterns of settlement network in Slovakia as a result of population rearrangement among municipalities based on time series data of 1993 - 2017. The objects of the research are municipalities, which during the searched period recorded unusual fast population growth or decline, far exceeding the chosen parameter of the population sample. The primary population sample consists of 2919 municipalities. The experimental samples consist of 563 of fast-growing municipalities and 413 of fast-declining municipalities, based on the chosen statistical criteria, what is the compound annual growth rate. The results have shown that fast-growing municipalities are predominantly situated on the West, surrounding the Bratislava agglomeration, on the North and the East surrounding the Kosice metropolis. Generally, they tend to cluster around the cities on the district and regional levels. Fast-declining municipalities predominantly situated in the Middle, along the Hungarian, Polish, and Ukrainian border on the South and the East of the country, respectively.

Climatological Annual Cycle of the Salinity Budgets of the Subtropical Maxima

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2981-2994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Johnson ◽  
Frank O. Bryan ◽  
Semyon A. Grodsky ◽  
James A. Carton
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Diffusive Fluxes

AbstractSix subtropical salinity maxima (Smax) exist: two each in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins. The north Indian (NI) Smax lies in the Arabian Sea while the remaining five lie in the open ocean. The annual cycle of evaporation minus precipitation (E − P) flux over the Smax is asymmetric about the equator. Over the Northern Hemisphere Smax, the semiannual harmonic is dominant (peaking in local summer and winter), while over the Southern Hemisphere Smax, the annual harmonic is dominant (peaking in local winter). Regardless, the surface layer salinity for all six Smax reaches a maximum in local fall and minimum in local spring. This study uses a multidecade integration of an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model to compute salinity budgets for each of the six Smax. The NI Smax budget is dominated by eddy advection related to the evolution of the seasonal monsoon. The five open-ocean Smax budgets reveal a common annual cycle of vertical diffusive fluxes that peak in winter. These Smax have regions on their eastward and poleward edges in which the vertical salinity gradient is destabilizing. These destabilizing gradients, in conjunction with wintertime surface cooling, generate a gradually deepening wintertime mixed layer. The vertical salinity gradient sharpens at the base of the mixed layer, making the water column susceptible to salt finger convection and enhancing vertical diffusive salinity fluxes out of the Smax into the ocean interior. This process is also observed in Argo float profiles and is related to the formation regions of subtropical mode waters.

Precise identification of maize in the North China Plain based on Sentinel-1A SAR time series data

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1996-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Qingling Kong ◽  
Pengxin Wang ◽  
Lan Xun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Precise Identification

The impacts of China’s FDI on employment in Thailand’s industrial sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathavee Keorite ◽  
Mohamed Moubarak
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the effect of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on new job creation. This study pays attention to factors interrelated to China’s FDI by using the case of Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – Using time series data from 2001 to 2014, this paper explores the driving forces and reduction potentials of employment in Thailand’s industrial sector with consideration for dynamic changes within the vector autoregression model. Findings – The results show that government expenditure plays a dominant role in increasing employment in Thailand’s industrial sector and exports plays a dominant role in decreasing employment in Thailand’s industrial sector. All variables are co-integrated and the analysis of the impulse–response function also turns out to be synchronous. Furthermore, in the short term, exports are more critical than China’s FDI in industrial sectors in reduction potentials of employment in Thailand’s industrial. Practical/implications – Policies should be devised to increase skilled labour and improve the equality of infrastructure in the country to attract more FDI into the economy and for quick adjustment purposes in case of shock to the system. Originality/value – The paper uncovers some important factors influencing employment in Thailand’s industrial sector under study and provides a guide-map for policymakers.

scholarly journals Multiscale monsoon variability during the last two climatic cycles inferred from Chinese loess and speleothem records

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 4623-4646
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
N. Su ◽  
L. Liang ◽  
L. Ma ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Climatic Cycles ◽  
Monsoon Variability

Abstract. The East Asian Monsoon exhibits a significant variability on timescales ranging from tectonic to centennial as inferred from Chinese loess, stalagmite and marine records. However, the relative contributions and plausible driving forces of the signals at different timescales remain poorly investigated. Here, we spectrally decompose time series data on loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records over the last two climatic cycles and correlate the decomposed components with possible driving parameters including the ice volume, insolation and North Atlantic cooling. Based on the spectral analysis of these two proxies, we tentatively identified six components of the signals corresponding to various forcing of ice volume (> 50 kyr), obliquity (50–30 kyr), precession (30–9 kyr), North Atlantic cooling (9–3 kyr and 3–1 kyr), and a centennial residual. The relative contributions of each component differ significantly between loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records. Glacial and orbital components are dominant in the loess grain size, which implies that both ice volume and insolation have distinctive impacts on the winter monsoon variability in contrast to the predominant precession impact on the summer monsoon patterns. Moreover, the millennial components are evident with variances of 11 and 16% in the loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records, respectively. A comparison of the millennial-scale signals in these two proxies reveals that abrupt changes in the winter and summer monsoons over the last 260 kyr share common features and similar driving forces linked to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere climate.

scholarly journals INFASI, PENGANGGURAN DAN KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
The North ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

Tinjauan kemiskinan dari dimensi ekonomi ini diartikan sebagai ketidakmampuan seseorang untuk mendapatkan mata pencaharian yang mapan dan memberikan penghasilan yang layak untuk menunjang hidupnya secara berkesinambungan. Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu masalah yang menjadi pusat perhatian di negara manapun. Kemiskinan disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti tingkat investasi yang masih dibawah standar, tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lambat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh inflasi terhadap pengangguran dan kemiskinan, dan pengaruh pengangguran terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan data runtun waktu (time series) tahun 2013-2018 dan menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran dan kemiskinan di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Kemudian, pengangguran juga berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat kemiskinan. Semakin tinggi tingkat inflasi dan pengangguran semakin besar tingkat kemiskinan.Kata kunci: Inflasi, Pengangguran, dan Kemiskinan, Maluku Utara Poverty review from the economic dimensions is interpretedas the inability of a person to obtain an established livelihood and provided a decent income to sustainably support life. Poverty is problems that attention any country. Poverty is caused by various factors, such as low investment, high unemployment, and slow economic growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of inflation on unemployment and poverty, and the effect of unemployment on poverty in North Maluku Provience. This study uses time series data from 2013 to 2018, and path analysis. The results showed that inflation has a positive effect on increasing unemployment and poverty. High unemployment has a positive impact on poverty levels. The higher level of inflation and unemployment, the higher poverty rate in the North Maluku Provience. Keywords: Inflation, Unemployment, Poverty, North Maluku

scholarly journals Temporal analysis of reported cases of tuberculosis and of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Brazil between 2002 and 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Simões Gaspar ◽  
◽  
Natália Nunes ◽  
Marina Nunes ◽  
Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Risk Of Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the reported cases of tuberculosis and of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Brazil between 2002 and 2012. Methods: This was an observational study based on secondary time series data collected from the Brazilian Case Registry Database for the 2002-2012 period. The incidence of tuberculosis was stratified by gender, age group, geographical region, and outcome, as was that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection. Results: Nationally, the incidence of tuberculosis declined by 18%, whereas that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection increased by 3.8%. There was an overall decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis, despite a significant increase in that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in women. The incidence of tuberculosis decreased only in the 0- to 9-year age bracket, remaining stable or increasing in the other age groups. The incidence of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection increased by 209% in the ≥ 60-year age bracket. The incidence of tuberculosis decreased in all geographical regions except the south, whereas that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection increased by over 150% in the north and northeast. Regarding the outcomes, patients with tuberculosis-HIV co-infection, in comparison with patients infected with tuberculosis only, had a 48% lower chance of cure, a 50% greater risk of treatment nonadherence, and a 94% greater risk of death from tuberculosis. Conclusions: Our study shows that tuberculosis continues to be a relevant public health issue in Brazil, because the goals for the control and cure of the disease have yet to be achieved. In addition, the sharp increase in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in women, in the elderly, and in the northern/northeastern region reveals that the population of HIV-infected individuals is rapidly becoming more female, older, and more impoverished.

Transformation in Vegetation and Urban Sprawl in Gotan and Surrounding

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmad ◽  
Ramaraju Sudarshana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Landsat Tm ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Government Sector

The main driving forces associated with transformation of vegetation cover and urban sprawl, are undoubtedly climate change and human intervention. Finding the truth behind transformation of Gotan, Rajasthan Landsat TM/ETM+ data of the years 1987,1990, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2010, 2015, and 2018 were used. These time series data comprising total of nine scenes were selected to measure the urban and green cover transformation in the past four decades. Landsat TM/ETM+ data were used because it is inexpensive, with high monitoring frequency and covers large areas. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of 1987–2018, derived from the remote sensing dataset along with the application of statistical methods and GIS techniques, were used to quantify vegetation cover change. The results show that human-induced factors can explain most variations at sites with significant cover change. It has been a well-known fact that sustainable development presents a system in order to accomplish economic growth, bring about social justice, implement environmental awareness and most certainly the fortification of government sector.

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