scholarly journals Multiscale monsoon variability during the last two climatic cycles inferred from Chinese loess and speleothem records

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 4623-4646
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
N. Su ◽  
L. Liang ◽  
L. Ma ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Climatic Cycles ◽  
Monsoon Variability

Abstract. The East Asian Monsoon exhibits a significant variability on timescales ranging from tectonic to centennial as inferred from Chinese loess, stalagmite and marine records. However, the relative contributions and plausible driving forces of the signals at different timescales remain poorly investigated. Here, we spectrally decompose time series data on loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records over the last two climatic cycles and correlate the decomposed components with possible driving parameters including the ice volume, insolation and North Atlantic cooling. Based on the spectral analysis of these two proxies, we tentatively identified six components of the signals corresponding to various forcing of ice volume (> 50 kyr), obliquity (50–30 kyr), precession (30–9 kyr), North Atlantic cooling (9–3 kyr and 3–1 kyr), and a centennial residual. The relative contributions of each component differ significantly between loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records. Glacial and orbital components are dominant in the loess grain size, which implies that both ice volume and insolation have distinctive impacts on the winter monsoon variability in contrast to the predominant precession impact on the summer monsoon patterns. Moreover, the millennial components are evident with variances of 11 and 16% in the loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records, respectively. A comparison of the millennial-scale signals in these two proxies reveals that abrupt changes in the winter and summer monsoons over the last 260 kyr share common features and similar driving forces linked to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere climate.

scholarly journals Multiscale monsoon variability during the last two climatic cycles revealed by spectral signals in Chinese loess and speleothem records

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
N. Su ◽  
L. Liang ◽  
L. Ma ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Monsoon Variability ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Empirical Mode Decomposition Method

Abstract. The East Asian Monsoon (EAM) exhibits a significant variability on timescales ranging from tectonic to centennial as inferred from loess, speleothem and marine records. However, the relative contributions and plausible driving forces of the monsoon variability at different timescales remain controversial. Here, we spectrally explore time series of loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records and decompose the two proxies into intrinsic components using the empirical mode decomposition method. Spectral results of these two proxies display clear glacial and orbital periodicities corresponding to ice volume and solar cycles, and evident millennial signals which are in pace with Heinrich rhythm and Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) cycles. Five intrinsic components are parsed out from loess grain size and six intrinsic components from speleothem δ18O records. Combined signals are correlated further with possible driving factors including the ice volume, insolation and North Atlantic cooling from a linear point of view. The relative contributions of components differ significantly between loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records. Coexistence of glacial and orbital components in the loess grain size implies that both ice volume and insolation have distinctive impacts on the winter monsoon variability, in contrast to the predominant precessional impact on the speleothem δ18O variability. Moreover, the millennial components are evident in loess grain size and speleothem δ18O records with variances of 13 and 17 %, respectively. A comparison of the millennial-scale signals of these two proxies reveals that abrupt changes in the winter and summer monsoons over the last 260 kyr share common features and similar driving forces linked to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere climate.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Recommendations for Establishing Threshold Values for the NIS Trend Indicator in the Mediterranean Sea

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Marika Galanidi ◽  
Argyro Zenetos
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the present work, we analysed time series data on the introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in the Mediterranean between 1970 and 2017, aiming to arrive at recommendations concerning the reference period and provisional threshold values for the NIS trend indicator. We employed regression analysis and breakpoint structural analysis. Our results confirm earlier findings that the reference conditions differ for the four Mediterranean subregions, and support a shortening of the reporting cycle from six to three years, with a two-year time lag for the ensuing assessment. Excluding Lessepsian fishes and parasites, the reference period, defined as the most recent time segment with stable mean new NIS values, was estimated as 1997–2017 for the eastern Mediterranean, 2012–2017 for the central Mediterranean, 2000–2017 for the Adriatic and 1970–2017 for the western Mediterranean. These findings are interpreted primarily on the basis of a basin scale temperature regime shift in the late 1990s, shifts in driving forces such as shellfish culture, and as a result of intensified research efforts and citizen scientist initiatives targeting NIS in the last decade. The threshold values, i.e., the three-year average new NIS values during the reference period, are indicative and will ultimately depend on the choice of species and pathways to be used in the calculations. This is discussed through the prism of target setting in alignment with specific management objectives.

The impacts of China’s FDI on employment in Thailand’s industrial sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathavee Keorite ◽  
Mohamed Moubarak
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the effect of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on new job creation. This study pays attention to factors interrelated to China’s FDI by using the case of Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – Using time series data from 2001 to 2014, this paper explores the driving forces and reduction potentials of employment in Thailand’s industrial sector with consideration for dynamic changes within the vector autoregression model. Findings – The results show that government expenditure plays a dominant role in increasing employment in Thailand’s industrial sector and exports plays a dominant role in decreasing employment in Thailand’s industrial sector. All variables are co-integrated and the analysis of the impulse–response function also turns out to be synchronous. Furthermore, in the short term, exports are more critical than China’s FDI in industrial sectors in reduction potentials of employment in Thailand’s industrial. Practical/implications – Policies should be devised to increase skilled labour and improve the equality of infrastructure in the country to attract more FDI into the economy and for quick adjustment purposes in case of shock to the system. Originality/value – The paper uncovers some important factors influencing employment in Thailand’s industrial sector under study and provides a guide-map for policymakers.

scholarly journals Tracking Atlantic bluefin tuna from foraging grounds off the west coast of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2066-2077
Author(s):  
Thomas W Horton ◽  
Barbara A Block ◽  
Alan Drumm ◽  
Lucy A Hawkes ◽  
Macdara O’Cuaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna

Abstract Pop-up archival tags (n = 16) were deployed on Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT) off the west coast of Ireland in October and November 2016 (199–246 cm curved fork length), yielding 2799 d of location data and 990 and 989 d of depth and temperature time-series data, respectively. Most daily locations (96%, n = 2651) occurred east of 45°W, the current stock management boundary for ABT. Key habitats occupied were the Bay of Biscay and the Central North Atlantic, with two migratory patterns evident: an east-west group and an eastern resident group. Five out of six tags that remained attached until July 2017 returned to the northeast Atlantic after having migrated as far as the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean Sea (MEDI) and the Central North Atlantic. Tracked bluefin tuna exhibited a diel depth-use pattern occupying shallower depths at night and deeper depths during the day. Four bluefin tuna visited known spawning grounds in the central and western MEDI, and one may have spawned, based on the recovered data showing oscillatory dives transecting the thermocline on 15 nights. These findings demonstrate the complexity of the aggregation of ABT off Ireland and, more broadly in the northeast Atlantic, highlighting the need for dedicated future research to conserve this important aggregation.

Transformation in Vegetation and Urban Sprawl in Gotan and Surrounding

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmad ◽  
Ramaraju Sudarshana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Landsat Tm ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Government Sector

The main driving forces associated with transformation of vegetation cover and urban sprawl, are undoubtedly climate change and human intervention. Finding the truth behind transformation of Gotan, Rajasthan Landsat TM/ETM+ data of the years 1987,1990, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2010, 2015, and 2018 were used. These time series data comprising total of nine scenes were selected to measure the urban and green cover transformation in the past four decades. Landsat TM/ETM+ data were used because it is inexpensive, with high monitoring frequency and covers large areas. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of 1987–2018, derived from the remote sensing dataset along with the application of statistical methods and GIS techniques, were used to quantify vegetation cover change. The results show that human-induced factors can explain most variations at sites with significant cover change. It has been a well-known fact that sustainable development presents a system in order to accomplish economic growth, bring about social justice, implement environmental awareness and most certainly the fortification of government sector.

Customization of the OSSEM model for application to annual data from the Talar aquifer, Northern Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
Nazila Sedaei ◽  
Abolghasem Akbari ◽  
Leila Sedaei ◽  
Jonathan Peter Cox
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Water Resource System

There are several principal driving forces behind the damaging coastal water resources depletion in many countries, including: high population growth, degrading water resources due to overexploitation and contamination, lack of awareness among local beneficiaries regarding sustainable management, and deficient government support and enforcement of conservation programs. To ensure a water resource system is productive in coastal areas, holistic and comprehensive management approaches are required. To address the aforementioned issues, a combined methodology which considers anthropogenic activities, together with environmental problems defined as the Overall Susceptibility Socio-Ecological System Environmental Management (OSSEM) has been investigated. The OSSEM model has been applied successfully in Spain based upon daily time series data. This research is ground breaking in that it integrates the OSSEM model in a geographic information system (GIS) environment to assess the groundwater contamination based on annual time series data and the assessment of system management by means of an overall susceptibility index (OSI). Centered on OSI indicators, the renewal, salinization and water deficit potentials in the Talar aquifer were estimated to be 4.89%, 4.61%, and 3.99%, respectively. This data demonstrates a high susceptibility in terms of environmental pollution, salinization, and water deficit.

CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN JORDAN: AN UPDATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mazharul Islam ◽  
Faisal M. Ababneh ◽  
MD Hasinur Rahaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Rural Place

SummaryThis study examined the recent level, trends and determinants of consanguineous marriage in Jordan using time-series data from the Jordan Population and Family Health Surveys (JPFHSs). According to the 2012 JPFHS, 35% of all marriages were consanguineous in Jordan in 2012. There has been a declining trend in consanguinity in the country, with the rate decreasing from a level of 57% in 1990. Most consanguineous marriage in 2012 were first cousin marriages, constituting 23% of all marriages and 66% of all consanguineous marriages. The data show that women with a lower age at marriage, older marriage cohort, larger family size, less than secondary level of education, rural place of residence, no employment, no exposure to mass media, a monogamous marriage, a husband with less than higher level of education and lower economic status, and those from the Badia region, were more likely to have a consanguineous marriage. Increasing age at marriage, level of education, urbanization and knowledge about the health consequences of consanguinity, and the ongoing socioeconomic and demographic transition in the country, will be the driving forces for further decline in consanguinity in Jordan.

scholarly journals Empirically derived climate predictability over the extratropical northern hemisphere

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Elsner ◽  
A. A. Tsonis
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Local Approximation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Climate Predictability ◽  
The North ◽  
Reconstructed Phase Space ◽  
Climate Signals ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. A novel application of a technique developed from chaos theory is used in describing seasonal to interannual climate predictability over the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The technique is based on an empirical forecast scheme - local approximation in a reconstructed phase space - for time-series data. Data are monthly 500 hPa heights on a latitude-longitude grid covering the NH from 20° N to the equator. Predictability is estimated based on the linear correlation between actual and predicted heights averaged over a forecast range of one- to twelve.month lead. The method is capable of extracting the major climate signals on this time scale including ENSO and the North Atlantic Oscillation.

scholarly journals Investment, Poverty and Growth Nexus in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Modeling Approach to Co-Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Hina Ali ◽  
Imran Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Adf Test

This study analyzes the nexus of investment, poverty and growth in Pakistan. It will develop comprehensive macro economic model of Pakistan economy with the desire of amplification and provided that a long-term result for the determined investment-poverty-growth discrepancy veterans. The significant level of investment and sustained economic growth may be the major driving forces for poverty decrease in Pakistan. The level of investment also assists the poor through a direct allocation influence as well as tortuous growth effect, in both the long run and short run. To detect the long term and short term effects of economic development, poverty and investment, an ARDL modeling approach to co- integration is functional, which is the suitable technique  in excess of method of integration after examining the stationary level of the data through ADF Test. The bound testing approach is exploited for cointegration to analyze the presence of long term association amid variables and ECM models are verbalized for short term analysis. The model is predictable with time-series data from 1972 to 2013 confine mutually the long-run and short-run forceful goods of the economy. The model is subjected to a sequence of strategy situation  that assesses a mixture of options for government to recover the prolific ability of the economy, thus attain continued hasten growth and a decrease in  Pakistan`s poverty. JEL Classification Codes: G12, G 14

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