scholarly journals Risk zoning of typhoon disasters in Zhejiang Province, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2921-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lu ◽  
Fumin Ren ◽  
Weijun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Risk Zoning ◽  
Risk Of Wind Damage

Abstract. In this paper, typhoon simply means tropical cyclone. As risk is future probability of hazard events, when estimated future probability is the same as historical probability for a specific period, we can understand risk by learning from past events. Based on precipitation and wind data over the mainland of China during 1980–2014 and disaster and social data at the county level in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2012, a study on risk zoning of typhoon disasters (typhoon disasters in this paper refer to affected population or direct economic losses caused by typhoons in Zhejiang Province) is carried out. Firstly, characteristics of typhoon disasters and factors causing typhoon disasters are analyzed. Secondly, an intensity index of factors causing typhoon disasters and a population vulnerability index are developed. Thirdly, combining the two indexes, a comprehensive risk index for typhoon disasters is obtained and used to zone areas of risk. The above analyses show that southeastern Zhejiang is the area most affected by typhoon disasters. The annual probability of the occurrence of typhoon rainstorms >50 mm decreases from the southeast coast to inland areas, with a maximum in the boundary region between Fujian and Zhejiang, which has the highest risk of rainstorms. Southeastern Zhejiang and the boundary region between Zhejiang and Fujian provinces and the Hangzhou Bay area are most frequently affected by extreme typhoon winds and have the highest risk of wind damage. The population of southwestern Zhejiang is the most vulnerable to typhoons as a result of the relatively undeveloped economy, mountainous terrain and the high risk of geological disasters in this region. Vulnerability is lower in the cities due to better disaster prevention and reduction strategies and a more highly educated population. The southeast coastal areas face the highest risk of typhoon disasters, especially in the boundary region between Taizhou and Wenzhou cities. Although the inland mountainous areas are not directly affected by typhoons, they are in the medium-risk category for vulnerability.

scholarly journals Risk Zoning of Typhoon Disasters in Zhejiang Province, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lu ◽  
Fumin Ren ◽  
Weijun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Risk Of Wind Damage

Abstract. Abstract: We analyze the characteristics of typhoon disasters and the factors causing them using precipitation and wind data at the county level in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2012. Using canonical correlation analysis, we develop an intensity index for the factors causing typhoon disasters and calculate a population vulnerability index for Zhejiang by principal components analysis. Combining these two indexes, a comprehensive risk index for typhoon disasters is obtained and used to zone areas of risk in Zhejiang Province. Southeastern Zhejiang Province is the area most affected by typhoon disasters. The frequency ratio of daily rainfall > 50 mm decreases from the southeast coast to inland areas and is at a maximum in the boundary region between Fujian and Zhejiang, which has the highest risk of rainstorms. Southeastern Zhejiang and the boundary region between Zhejiang and Fujian and the Hangzhou Bay area are most frequently affected by extreme winds and have the highest risk of wind damage. The population of southwestern Zhejiang Province is the most vulnerable to typhoons as a result of the relatively undeveloped economy in this region, the mountainous terrain and the high risk of geological disasters. Vulnerability is lower in the cities and coastal areas due to better disaster prevention and reduction strategies and a more highly educated population. The southeast coastal areas face the highest risk, especially in the boundary region between Taizhou and Ningbo cities. Although the inland mountainous areas are not directly affected by the typhoons, they are in the medium-risk category for vulnerability.

scholarly journals Juxtaposing Farmers’ Suicides and Climate Change Vulnerability: An Empirical Analysis of Indian States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Sridevi Gummadi ◽  
Amalendu Jyotishi ◽  
G Jagadeesh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Comprehensive Study

India’s overall ranking on the Global Climate Risk Index has been deteriorating in recent years, making it more vulnerable to climate risks. It has been indicated in the literature that climate change is also associated with agrarian distress. However, empirical analyses are scanty on this, especially in the Indian context. In this analytical exercise, we tried to explore the association between farmers’ suicides and climate change vulnerability across Indian states. Using data from various sources, we arrive at an Agrarian Vulnerability Index and juxtaposed that with farmers’ suicide data between 1996 to 2015 collected from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). We noted a strong association between climate change vulnerability and farmers’ suicides. The essence of this analysis is to indicate and understand the broad trends and associations. This research, in the process, informs and presses for a systematic, more comprehensive study with an agenda at micro and meso levels to understand the nuances of this association. Submitted: 01 November 2020; Revised: 11 January 2021; Accepted: 29 April 2021

scholarly journals Environmental Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Coastal Cities of Estuarine Bay—A Case Study of Hangzhou Bay, China

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rongxi Li ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Chengwei Li ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Functional Areas

Shanghai is the major city on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, and the administrative regions adjacent to Hangzhou Bay are the Jinshan district, Fengxian district, and Pudong new area (Nanhui district), which are the main intersection areas of manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture in Shanghai. In this paper, we collected a total of 75 topsoil samples from six different functional areas (agricultural areas (19), roadside areas (10), industrial areas (19), residential areas (14), education areas (6), and woodland areas (7)) in these three administrative regions, and the presence of 10 heavy metals (manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), cobalt(Co), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg), copper(Cu), and arsenic(As)) was investigated in each sample. The Nemerow pollution index (NPI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to assess the soil pollution levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment models were used to assess the human health risks posed by the concentrations of the heavy metals. The CR and HQ for adults and children in different functional areas descended in the following order: industrial areas > roadside areas > woodland areas > residential areas > education areas > agricultural areas. The HQ of Mn for children in industrial areas was higher than 1, and the risk was within the acceptable range.

scholarly journals Utility of the combination of serum highly-sensitive C-reactive protein level at discharge and a risk index in predicting readmission for acute exacerbation of COPD,

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chang ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Ning Shen ◽  
Xiang Han ◽  
Yahong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd

OBJECTIVE: Frequent readmissions for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are an independent risk factor for increased mortality and use of health-care resources. Disease severity and C-reactive protein (CRP) level are validated predictors of long-term prognosis in such patients. This study investigated the utility of combining serum CRP level with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) exacerbation risk classification for predicting readmission for AECOPD. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients hospitalized for AECOPD at Peking University Third Hospital, in Beijing, China. We assessed patient age; gender; smoking status and history (pack-years); lung function; AECOPD frequency during the last year; quality of life; GOLD risk category (A-D; D indicating the greatest risk); and serum level of high-sensitivity CRP at discharge (hsCRP-D). RESULTS: The final sample comprised 135 patients. Of those, 71 (52.6%) were readmitted at least once during the 12-month follow-up period. The median (interquartile) time to readmission was 78 days (42-178 days). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum hsCRP-D ≥ 3 mg/L and GOLD category D were independent predictors of readmission (hazard ratio = 3.486; 95% CI: 1.968-6.175; p < 0.001 and hazard ratio = 2.201; 95% CI: 1.342-3.610; p = 0.002, respectively). The ordering of the factor combinations by cumulative readmission risk, from highest to lowest, was as follows: hsCRP-D ≥ 3 mg/L and GOLD category D; hsCRP-D ≥ 3 mg/L and GOLD categories A-C; hsCRP-D < 3 mg/L and GOLD category D; hsCRP-D < 3 mg/L and GOLD categories A-C. CONCLUSIONS: Serum hsCRP-D and GOLD classification are independent predictors of readmission for AECOPD, and their predictive value increases when they are used in combination.

scholarly journals Drought Risk Assessment by Using Drought Hazard and Vulnerability Indexes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Dabanli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Composite Risk

Abstract. Drought has multiple impacts on socioeconomic sectors and it is expected to increase in the coming years due to non-stationary nature of climate variability and change. Here, we investigated drought hazard, vulnerability, and risk based on hydro-meteorological and actual socio-economic data for provinces of Turkey. Although, drought vulnerability and risk assessment are essential parts of drought phenomenon, so far, lack of proper integrated drought risk assessment in Turkey (and elsewhere) has led to higher socio-economic impacts. Firstly, the Drought Hazard Index (DHI) is derived based on the probability occurrences of drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to facilitate the understanding of drought phenomenon. Secondly, the Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) is calculated by utilizing four socio-economic indicators to quantify drought impact on society. Finally, the Drought Risk Index (DRI) is obtained by multiplying DHI and DVI for provinces of Turkey to highlight the relative importance of hazard and vulnerability assessment for drought risk management. A set of drought hazard, vulnerability, and composite risk maps were then developed. The outputs of analysis reveal that among 81 administrative provinces in Turkey, 73 provinces are exposed to the low drought risk (0 

scholarly journals Improving Firm’s Economic and Environmental Performance Through the Sustainable and Innovative Environment: Evidence From an Emerging Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Miklas Scholz ◽  
Esra AlDhaen ◽  
Zia Ullah ◽  
Philippa Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Impact

Businesses in the present era are dealing with a complex and unprecedented brew of social, environmental, and technological trends. This requires sophisticated, sustainability-based management. Yet organizations are often reluctant to place sustainability core to their business strategies with the mistaken belief that the costs associated with environmental investments outweigh the benefits. The Global Climate Risk Index has placed Pakistan on 5th position in the list of nations, most susceptible to climate change in its recent report. Pakistan lost the lives of 9,989 people, incurred economic losses of $ 3.8 billion, and faced 152 shocking climates between 1999 and 2018. Based on this information, it is established that Pakistan’s susceptibility to climate change is growing unprecedentedly and industrial pollution is one of the biggest contributors in this respect. The country needs to take emergency measures to address this issue. With this background, the present study aims to investigate the impact of environmental sustainability on environmental and economic performance (EP) with the mediating effect of environmental innovation (EI) in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The results show that environmental sustainability is a significant predictor of environmental performance and EP and EI mediates this relationship. The findings of the present study provide better insights to policymakers to address the environmental degradation, resulting from industrial pollution.

scholarly journals Frequency analysis of representative flood control water level stations in Puyang River

2021 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Shuhui Zhang ◽  
Ziyi Zhang ◽  
Caichao Su ◽  
Peng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Key Nodes

Puyang river basin is located in the north central part of Zhejiang Province, which is one of the most important river basins in Zhejiang Province. The lower reaches of Puyang River are easily influenced by tide in Hangzhou Bay and flood in Qiantang River. When Puyang river floods, it often meets Fuchun River and floods occur at the same time. The flood discharge of Puyang river is blocked and the water level rises and rises, which makes the Puyang River vulnerable to disaster. Water level frequency analysis is the basis of Puyang river planning and flood control plan. The representative flood control water level stations of Puyang River include Zhuji station and wenjiayan station. The frequency analysis of these representative stations is helpful to determine the water level of these key nodes under different frequencies, and to provide basic data for accurate flood control of Puyang River and ensure the safety of flood control.

scholarly journals A New Relative Risk Index for Hospitals Exposed to Tsunami

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Baiguera ◽  
Tiziana Rossetto ◽  
Juan Palomino ◽  
Priyan Dias ◽  
Susana Lopez-Querol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
The Impact

The failure of hospitals in recent tsunami have caused extensive social and economic losses. A simple but quantitative approach is required to assess the resilience of healthcare systems to tsunami, which relates not only to hospital building integrity, but also to maintaining hospital functionality. This paper proposes a new tsunami relative risk index (TRRI) that quantifies the impact of tsunami on critical units, (e.g. Intensive Care Unit, Maternity Ward, etc) in individual hospitals, as well as the impact on service provision across a network of hospitals. A survey form is specifically developed for collecting of field data on hospitals for the TRRI evaluation. In its current form TRRI is designed for hospital buildings of reinforced concrete construction, as these are the building types most commonly used worldwide for housing critical units. The TRRI is demonstrated through an application to three hospitals located along the southern coast of Sri Lanka. The TRRI is evaluated for three potential tsunami inundation events and is shown to be able to identify issues with both the building and functional aspects of hospital critical units. Three “what-if” intervention scenarios are presented and their effect on the TRRI is assessed. Through this exercise, it is shown that the TRRI can be used by decision makers to simply explore the effectiveness of individual and combined interventions in improving the tsunami resilience of healthcare provision across the hospital system.

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