scholarly journals Risk Zoning of Typhoon Disasters in Zhejiang Province, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lu ◽  
Fumin Ren ◽  
Weijun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Risk Of Wind Damage

Abstract. Abstract: We analyze the characteristics of typhoon disasters and the factors causing them using precipitation and wind data at the county level in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2012. Using canonical correlation analysis, we develop an intensity index for the factors causing typhoon disasters and calculate a population vulnerability index for Zhejiang by principal components analysis. Combining these two indexes, a comprehensive risk index for typhoon disasters is obtained and used to zone areas of risk in Zhejiang Province. Southeastern Zhejiang Province is the area most affected by typhoon disasters. The frequency ratio of daily rainfall > 50 mm decreases from the southeast coast to inland areas and is at a maximum in the boundary region between Fujian and Zhejiang, which has the highest risk of rainstorms. Southeastern Zhejiang and the boundary region between Zhejiang and Fujian and the Hangzhou Bay area are most frequently affected by extreme winds and have the highest risk of wind damage. The population of southwestern Zhejiang Province is the most vulnerable to typhoons as a result of the relatively undeveloped economy in this region, the mountainous terrain and the high risk of geological disasters. Vulnerability is lower in the cities and coastal areas due to better disaster prevention and reduction strategies and a more highly educated population. The southeast coastal areas face the highest risk, especially in the boundary region between Taizhou and Ningbo cities. Although the inland mountainous areas are not directly affected by the typhoons, they are in the medium-risk category for vulnerability.

scholarly journals Risk zoning of typhoon disasters in Zhejiang Province, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2921-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lu ◽  
Fumin Ren ◽  
Weijun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Risk Zoning ◽  
Risk Of Wind Damage

Abstract. In this paper, typhoon simply means tropical cyclone. As risk is future probability of hazard events, when estimated future probability is the same as historical probability for a specific period, we can understand risk by learning from past events. Based on precipitation and wind data over the mainland of China during 1980–2014 and disaster and social data at the county level in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2012, a study on risk zoning of typhoon disasters (typhoon disasters in this paper refer to affected population or direct economic losses caused by typhoons in Zhejiang Province) is carried out. Firstly, characteristics of typhoon disasters and factors causing typhoon disasters are analyzed. Secondly, an intensity index of factors causing typhoon disasters and a population vulnerability index are developed. Thirdly, combining the two indexes, a comprehensive risk index for typhoon disasters is obtained and used to zone areas of risk. The above analyses show that southeastern Zhejiang is the area most affected by typhoon disasters. The annual probability of the occurrence of typhoon rainstorms >50 mm decreases from the southeast coast to inland areas, with a maximum in the boundary region between Fujian and Zhejiang, which has the highest risk of rainstorms. Southeastern Zhejiang and the boundary region between Zhejiang and Fujian provinces and the Hangzhou Bay area are most frequently affected by extreme typhoon winds and have the highest risk of wind damage. The population of southwestern Zhejiang is the most vulnerable to typhoons as a result of the relatively undeveloped economy, mountainous terrain and the high risk of geological disasters in this region. Vulnerability is lower in the cities due to better disaster prevention and reduction strategies and a more highly educated population. The southeast coastal areas face the highest risk of typhoon disasters, especially in the boundary region between Taizhou and Wenzhou cities. Although the inland mountainous areas are not directly affected by typhoons, they are in the medium-risk category for vulnerability.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SΕA-LΕVEL RISE IN THE COASTAL AREA OF PIERIA PREFECTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
A. Mavromatidi ◽  
E. Karymbalis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Accretion Rate ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability Index ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Very High

Tourism development in Greece has led to increasing pressure on coastal areas, which makes the study of sensitive coastal areas essential, in order to find appropriate solutions for their shielding. The aim of this study is an estimation of the effects of an anticipated sea level rise for the touristically developed part of Pieria Prefecture, which includes the settlements Paralia, Skala of Katerini, Olympic Beach, Korinos Beach and extends north to the area of the Kitrous saltworks and south to the mouth of Mavroneri river. Therefore the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is applied, in an attempt to determine the susceptible parts to the potential sea level rise. CVI depends on the following parameters: (a) coastal geomorphology, (b) coastal slope, (c) shoreline erosion/accretion rate, (d) relative sea-level rise fluctuations, (e) mean tidal range and (f) mean significant wave height. The classification of the coast, which is of particular socio-economic significance since it hosts urbanized areas, into five CVI classes (from very low vulnerability to very high vulnerability), showed that 43.6% of the entire coastline is of very high vulnerability. 

scholarly journals Juxtaposing Farmers’ Suicides and Climate Change Vulnerability: An Empirical Analysis of Indian States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Sridevi Gummadi ◽  
Amalendu Jyotishi ◽  
G Jagadeesh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Comprehensive Study

India’s overall ranking on the Global Climate Risk Index has been deteriorating in recent years, making it more vulnerable to climate risks. It has been indicated in the literature that climate change is also associated with agrarian distress. However, empirical analyses are scanty on this, especially in the Indian context. In this analytical exercise, we tried to explore the association between farmers’ suicides and climate change vulnerability across Indian states. Using data from various sources, we arrive at an Agrarian Vulnerability Index and juxtaposed that with farmers’ suicide data between 1996 to 2015 collected from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). We noted a strong association between climate change vulnerability and farmers’ suicides. The essence of this analysis is to indicate and understand the broad trends and associations. This research, in the process, informs and presses for a systematic, more comprehensive study with an agenda at micro and meso levels to understand the nuances of this association. Submitted: 01 November 2020; Revised: 11 January 2021; Accepted: 29 April 2021

scholarly journals Environmental Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Coastal Cities of Estuarine Bay—A Case Study of Hangzhou Bay, China

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rongxi Li ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Chengwei Li ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Functional Areas

Shanghai is the major city on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, and the administrative regions adjacent to Hangzhou Bay are the Jinshan district, Fengxian district, and Pudong new area (Nanhui district), which are the main intersection areas of manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture in Shanghai. In this paper, we collected a total of 75 topsoil samples from six different functional areas (agricultural areas (19), roadside areas (10), industrial areas (19), residential areas (14), education areas (6), and woodland areas (7)) in these three administrative regions, and the presence of 10 heavy metals (manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), cobalt(Co), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg), copper(Cu), and arsenic(As)) was investigated in each sample. The Nemerow pollution index (NPI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to assess the soil pollution levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment models were used to assess the human health risks posed by the concentrations of the heavy metals. The CR and HQ for adults and children in different functional areas descended in the following order: industrial areas > roadside areas > woodland areas > residential areas > education areas > agricultural areas. The HQ of Mn for children in industrial areas was higher than 1, and the risk was within the acceptable range.

scholarly journals Assessing coastal vulnerability index of tourism site: the case of Mataram Coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Aninda W. Rudiastuti ◽  
Ati Rahadiati ◽  
Ratna S. Dewi ◽  
Dewayany Soetrisno ◽  
Erwin Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability Index ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Tourism Destinations

Many coastal areas and infrastructure suffered from unprecedented hazards such as storms, flooding, and erosion. Thus, it is increasing the vulnerability of urban coastal areas aggravated with the absence of coastal green infrastructure. Given the state of coastal environments, there is a genuine need to appraise the vulnerability of coastal cities on the basis of the latest projected climate scenarios and existing condition. Hence, to asses, the vulnerability level of Mataram coastal, the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) accompanied by pre-assessment of readiness to climate disruption. The CVI used to map coastal into five classes of using GIS. As a case study, this approach applied to Mataram City: one of the tourism destinations in Lombok. Two of sub-districts in Mataram City, Ampenan and Sekarbela, laying in the shorelines have undergone coastal flooding and erosion. One of them, Ampenan sub-district, experienced flooding due to river-discharge and became the most severe location during inundation. Results indicated that along ±9000 meters of Mataram coast possess vulnerability level in moderate to very high-risk level. The assessment also showed that sea-level rise is not the only critical issue but also geomorphology and shoreline changes, the existence of green infrastructure, also human activity parameters took important part to be assessed.

scholarly journals Utility of the combination of serum highly-sensitive C-reactive protein level at discharge and a risk index in predicting readmission for acute exacerbation of COPD,

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chang ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Ning Shen ◽  
Xiang Han ◽  
Yahong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd

OBJECTIVE: Frequent readmissions for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are an independent risk factor for increased mortality and use of health-care resources. Disease severity and C-reactive protein (CRP) level are validated predictors of long-term prognosis in such patients. This study investigated the utility of combining serum CRP level with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) exacerbation risk classification for predicting readmission for AECOPD. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients hospitalized for AECOPD at Peking University Third Hospital, in Beijing, China. We assessed patient age; gender; smoking status and history (pack-years); lung function; AECOPD frequency during the last year; quality of life; GOLD risk category (A-D; D indicating the greatest risk); and serum level of high-sensitivity CRP at discharge (hsCRP-D). RESULTS: The final sample comprised 135 patients. Of those, 71 (52.6%) were readmitted at least once during the 12-month follow-up period. The median (interquartile) time to readmission was 78 days (42-178 days). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum hsCRP-D ≥ 3 mg/L and GOLD category D were independent predictors of readmission (hazard ratio = 3.486; 95% CI: 1.968-6.175; p < 0.001 and hazard ratio = 2.201; 95% CI: 1.342-3.610; p = 0.002, respectively). The ordering of the factor combinations by cumulative readmission risk, from highest to lowest, was as follows: hsCRP-D ≥ 3 mg/L and GOLD category D; hsCRP-D ≥ 3 mg/L and GOLD categories A-C; hsCRP-D < 3 mg/L and GOLD category D; hsCRP-D < 3 mg/L and GOLD categories A-C. CONCLUSIONS: Serum hsCRP-D and GOLD classification are independent predictors of readmission for AECOPD, and their predictive value increases when they are used in combination.

scholarly journals A water risk index for portfolio exposure to climatic extremes: conceptualization and an application to the mining industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2075-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bonnafous ◽  
Upmanu Lall ◽  
Jason Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract. Corporations, industries and non-governmental organizations have become increasingly concerned with growing water risks in many parts of the world. Most of the focus has been on water scarcity and competition for the resource between agriculture, urban users, ecology and industry. However, water risks are multi-dimensional. Water-related hazards include flooding due to extreme rainfall, persistent drought and pollution, either due to industrial operations themselves, or to the failure of infrastructure. Most companies have risk management plans at each operational location to address these risks to a certain design level. The residual risk may or may not be managed, and is typically not quantified at a portfolio scale, i.e. across many sites. Given that climate is the driver of many of these extreme events, and there is evidence of quasi-periodic climate regimes at inter-annual and decadal timescales, it is possible that a portfolio is subject to persistent, multi-year exceedances of the design level. In other words, for a multi-national corporation, it is possible that there is correlation in the climate-induced portfolio water risk across its operational sites as multiple sites may experience a hazard beyond the design level in a given year. Therefore, from an investor's perspective, a need exists for a water risk index that allows for an exploration of the possible space and/or time clustering in exposure across many sites contained in a portfolio. This paper represents a first attempt to develop an index for financial exposure of a geographically diversified, global portfolio to the time-varying risk of climatic extremes using long daily global rainfall datasets derived from climate re-analysis models. Focusing on extreme daily rainfall amounts and using examples from major mining companies, we illustrate how the index can be developed. We discuss how companies can use it to explore their corporate exposure, and what they may need to disclose to investors and regulators to promote transparency as to risk exposure and mitigation efforts. For the examples of mining companies provided, we note that the actual exposure is substantially higher than would be expected in the absence of space and time correlation of risk as is usually tacitly assumed. We also find evidence for the increasing exposure to climate-induced risk, and for decadal variability in exposure. The relative vulnerability of different portfolios to multiple extreme events in a given year is also demonstrated.

Coastal risk assessments due to hybrid disasters in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Soon Kang ◽  
Hyeong-Min Oh ◽  
Soon-Mi Hwang ◽  
Ho-Kyun Kim ◽  
Kwang-Young Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Coastal Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Risk

&lt;p&gt;Korean coasts are exposed to high risks such as storm surge, storm-induced high waves and wave overtopping. Also, localized heavy rainfall events have occurred frequently due to climate change, too. Especially, since coastal urban areas depend heavily on pump and pipe systems, extreme rainfalls that exceed the design capacity of drainage facility result in increasing inland flood damage. Nevertheless, the population in Korea is concentrated in the coastal areas and the value and density of coastal utilization are increasing. In this study, the risk of hybrid disasters in the coastal areas was assessed for safe utilization and value enhancement of coastal areas. The framework of the coastal risk assessment has been adopted from the concept of climate change vulnerability of the IPCC(2001). Coastal Risk Index(CRI) in this study was defined as a function of Exposure and Sensitivity exclude Adaptive Capacity using GIS-based DBs. Indicators of Exposure consisted of a storm surge, storm-induced high waves, wave overtopping and rainfalls. Indicators of Sensitivity consisted of human(population density), property(buildings and roads), and geography(inundation area). All these indicators were gathered from government agencies, numerical model experiments(ADCIRC, unSWAN, FLOW3D and XP-SWMM model), and field surveys(Drone &amp; Lidar survey). And then spatial analysis was performed by using a GIS program after passing the quality control and analyzed data were standardized and classified 4 grades; Attention(blue color), Caution(yellow color), Warning(orange color) and Danger(red color). This frame of risk assessment was first applied to Marine City, Haeundae in Busan, Korea which was heavily damaged by the typhoon CHABA in 2018. According to the assessment results, it was confirmed that the results were in good agreement with the observation data and damage range. At present, the study area of risk assessment is expanding to other areas. The results of coastal risk assessment are used as reference indicators to identify and prevent the cause of coastal disasters, establish countermeasures, determine the development or management of coastal areas based on GIS, thus will contribute to effective and safe coastal management.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Drought Risk Assessment by Using Drought Hazard and Vulnerability Indexes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Dabanli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Composite Risk

Abstract. Drought has multiple impacts on socioeconomic sectors and it is expected to increase in the coming years due to non-stationary nature of climate variability and change. Here, we investigated drought hazard, vulnerability, and risk based on hydro-meteorological and actual socio-economic data for provinces of Turkey. Although, drought vulnerability and risk assessment are essential parts of drought phenomenon, so far, lack of proper integrated drought risk assessment in Turkey (and elsewhere) has led to higher socio-economic impacts. Firstly, the Drought Hazard Index (DHI) is derived based on the probability occurrences of drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to facilitate the understanding of drought phenomenon. Secondly, the Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) is calculated by utilizing four socio-economic indicators to quantify drought impact on society. Finally, the Drought Risk Index (DRI) is obtained by multiplying DHI and DVI for provinces of Turkey to highlight the relative importance of hazard and vulnerability assessment for drought risk management. A set of drought hazard, vulnerability, and composite risk maps were then developed. The outputs of analysis reveal that among 81 administrative provinces in Turkey, 73 provinces are exposed to the low drought risk (0 

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