scholarly journals Hydrochemical characteristics of the hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 7293-7308
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
J. Du ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Lushan Earthquake ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Deep Earth ◽  
Precipitation Water

Abstract. Hydrogeochemistry of 10 hot springs in the Kangding district was investigated by analyzing cation and anion concentrations of the spring waters. The water samples were collected within 5 days after the Lushan earthquake. The spring waters are classified into 7 chemical types based on the hydrochemical compositions. Comparison with the hydrochemical data before the Lushan earthquake, concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3− and TDS of the waters from the Guanding, Erdaoqiao, Gonghe, Erhaoying, Tianwanhe and Caoke springs evidently increased, which resulted from enhancing interaction between deep-earth fluids and carbonate rocks by the increment of dissolved CO2 in the groundwater. Concentrations of Na+, Cl− and SO42− of the waters from the Guanding, zheduotang, Xinxing and Gonghe springs were decreased, indicating dilution of precipitation water. Concentrations of Na+ and SO42− of the Erhaoying spring water increased, which may be attributed to the more supplement of fluids enriched in sulfur. The results indicate that hydrochemical components of spring water can be used as an effective indicator for earthquakes.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical characteristics of hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> = 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
J. Du ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Abstract. Hydrogeochemistry of 10 hot springs in the Kangding district was investigated by analyzing cation and anion concentrations in the spring water. The water samples were collected in the 5 days after the Lushan MS = 7.0 earthquake, which occurred on 20 April 2013. The spring waters are classified into seven chemical types based on their hydrochemical compositions. Compared with hydrochemical data before the Lushan earthquake, concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3- and total dissolved solid (TDS) in water samples from the Guanding, Erdaoqiao, Gonghe, Erhaoying, Tianwanhe and Caoke springs significantly increased, which may be the result of a greater increase in groundwater from carbonate rocks, and water–carbonate rock interactions, enhanced by the increment of CO2. Concentrations of Na+, Cl- and SO42- in water samples from the Guanding, Zheduotang, Xinxing and Gonghe springs decreased, indicating a dilution of shallow waters. Concentrations of Na+ and SO42- in water samples from the Erhaoying spring water increased, which may be attributed to water–granite interactions enhanced by H2S. The results indicated that hydrochemical components of spring water could be used as an effective indicator for earthquakes.

scholarly journals Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Eka Djatnika Nugraha ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
June Mellawati ◽  
Untara Untara ◽  
Ilsa Rosianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
West Java

The world community has long used natural hot springs for tourist and medicinal purposes. In Indonesia, the province of West Java, which is naturally surrounded by volcanoes, is the main destination for hot spring tourism. This paper is the first report on radon measurements in tourism natural hot spring water in Indonesia as part of radiation protection for public health. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of radon doses from natural hot spring water and thereby facilitate radiation protection for public health. A total of 18 water samples were measured with an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of radon in natural hot spring water samples in the West Java region, Indonesia ranges from 0.26 to 31 Bq L−1. An estimate of the annual effective dose in the natural hot spring water area ranges from 0.51 to 0.71 mSv with a mean of 0.60 mSv for workers. Meanwhile, the annual effective dose for the public ranges from 0.10 to 0.14 mSv with an average of 0.12 mSv. This value is within the range of the average committed effective dose from inhalation and terrestrial radiation for the general public, 1.7 mSv annually.

scholarly journals Geochemical Modeling of Scale Formation due to Cooling and CO2-degassing in San Kamphaeng Geothermal Field, Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthipong Taweelarp ◽  
Supanut Suntikoon ◽  
Thaned Rojsiraphisal ◽  
Nattapol Ploymaklam ◽  
Schradh Saenton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Scaling Potential ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Scaling in a geothermal piping system can cause serious problems by reducing flow rates and energy efficiency. In this work, scaling potential of San Kamphaeng (SK) geothermal energy, Northern Thailand was assessed based on geochemical model simulation using physical and chemical properties of hot spring water. Water samples from surface seepage and groundwater wells, analyzed by ICP-OES and ion chromatograph methods for chemical constituents, were dominated by Ca-HCO3 facies having partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 10–2.67 to 10–1.75 atm which is higher than ambient atmospheric CO2 content. Surface seepage samples have lower temperature (60.9°C) than deep groundwater (83.1°C) and reservoir (127.1°C, based on silica geothermometry). Geochemical characteristics of the hot spring water indicated significant difference in chemical properties between surface seepage and deep, hot groundwater as a result of mineral precipitation along the flow paths and inside well casing. Scales were mainly composed of carbonates, silica, Fe-Mn oxides. Geochemical simulations based on multiple chemical reaction equilibria in PHREEQC were performed to confirm scale formation from cooling and CO2-degassing processes. Simulation results showed total cumulative scaling potential (maximum possible precipitation) from 267-m deep well was estimated as 582.2 mg/L, but only 50.4% of scaling potential actually took place at SK hot springs. In addition, maximum possible carbon dioxide outflux to atmosphere from degassing process in SK geothermal field, estimated from the degassing process, was 6,960 ton/year indicating a continuous source of greenhouse gas that may contribute to climate change. Keywords: Degassing, Geochemical modeling, PHREEQC, San Kamphaeng Hot Springs, Scaling

scholarly journals Growth in Acanthamoeba sp. and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Legionella micdadei Isolated from Hot Spring Water Samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATSUNORI FURUHATA ◽  
KIKUMI OGIHARA ◽  
RUMI OKUNO ◽  
KENJI OONAKA ◽  
MASAFUMI FUKUYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Legionella Micdadei

scholarly journals Perception and lived experience on health effects of natural hot spring water bath

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sirjana Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Positive Effects

Background: Natural hot spring bath has enormous health benefits. The water found in natural hot springs contains a variety of different minerals which shows positive benefits on rheumatism, skin diseases, gastritis, sinusitis, cardiac diseases, joint pain and many more. The healing effect is mostly from mineral composition.Methods: Phenomenological study was conducted on twenty-one participants who were taking natural hot spring water bath in Singha tatopani, Myagdi. Each participant was randomly selected. Eight In-depth interview and two focus group discussion were used for collecting information. People who have immediate bath experience were included in the study and those who were ill and not able to response the question due to illness were excluded from the study. Informed consent was taken from each participant before participation. Afterwards transcripts were transcribe and translated in English and analyzed using thematic analysis was done with the means of Ms. Excel.Results: Participants perceived natural hot spring water bath has positive effects on health and experience large sweating and excretion of urine while bathing. It helps to run their digestive system smoothly, improve blood circulation, and prevent skin problem, relief uric acid, sinusitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, nose allergy, chest allergy, bronchitis and insomnia. Hot spring foment their pain organ and promote health of accidental victims, physically handicapped people, minimized uterine problem of women, eye itching and epiphora (watery eye).Conclusions: Common diseases Gastritis, rheumatism, skin disease, uric acid can be relieved by taking natural hot spring water bath as well as it help to promote and improve their health status. That’s why natural hot spring water bath can be a beneficial for improvement of public health.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater at the Epicenter of the 2021 Biru M6.1 Earthquake in Central Tibet

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3111
Author(s):  
Pengtao Yang ◽  
Xiaolong Sun ◽  
Dongying Liu ◽  
Zhongtai He ◽  
Yongsheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Seismogenic Fault ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Groundwater Environment ◽  
Central Tibet

Groundwater is undoubtedly important for water security and eco-environmental protection, especially in areas that experience earthquakes. Analyzing the characteristics and variation of groundwater after an earthquake is significant to obtain a better understanding of the seismic risk and rational management of groundwater resources. This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater at the epicenter of the 2021 Biru M6.1 earthquake in central Tibet, southwest China, using 23 water samples. The results showed that: (1) the hydrochemical type, hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, and SiO2 concentrations of three hot spring water samples in the study area were significantly different from those of samples taken elsewhere, indicating that the hot spring water originates from deeper geothermal reservoirs and has undergone more distant migration and longer fractionation processes; (2) the geochemical characteristics of groundwater from some sampling sites in the epicentral area were apparently distinct from those of other shallow groundwater or surface water samples, suggesting that the groundwater environment in the epicentral area has been affected by the earthquake. Along with the macroscopic groundwater responses in the epicentral area after the earthquake, we investigated the influencing mechanisms of the earthquake on the regional groundwater environment. We conclude that a shorter distance from the epicenter to the seismogenic fault leads to a greater possibility of the generation of new fractures, which then induce macroscopic responses and chemical characteristic variations for groundwater.

scholarly journals Study of geothermometers and chemical composition of hot springs in Zavkhan province

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Bolormaa Ch ◽  
Oyuntsetseg D ◽  
Bolormaa O
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

In this study, we collected hot spring water sample from Otgontenger, Tsetsuukh, Zart, Ulaan Khaalga and Khojuul in Zavkhan province. The purpose of this study is to determine the temperature of geothermal water and its depth which based on the hydrochemical component. Hot spring water analyses showed that temperature ranges between 33.4 to 45.5°C, pH ranges 8.40 to 9.56, and the total dissolved solid amount was 170 to 473 mg/L. From the result of hydrochemical analyses, hot spring samples were included in SO4-Na and HCO3-Na type. In comparison to other hot spring samples, Tsetsuukh hot spring has shown negative oxidation reduction potential, -0.8 mV and dissolved hydrogen, 0.22 mg/L. Therefore, it has a higher ability for medical treatment than other hot spring water due to its reduction state. The reservoir temperature of these hot springs is calculated by several geothermometer methods, and temperatures ranged between 102оC to 149оC. According to this result, it assumed that geothermal water with low temperature which has the ability to use for room heating and producing energy by the binary system. Thus, we determined that reservoir depth is 1.3 to 3.7 km using annual average surface and reservoir temperature, and regional geothermal gradient. Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын химийн найрлага, геотермометрийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Завхан аймгийн нутагт орших Отгонтэнгэр, Зарт, Цэцүүх, Улаан хаалга, Хожуулын халуун рашаануудын гидрохимийн найрлагыг нарийвчлан тогтоосоны үндсэн дээр тухайн рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон гүнийг тогтоох зорилго тавин ажиллаа. Завхан аймгийн рашаанууд нь халуун 33.4-45.5°C температуртай, шүлтлэг орчинтой (pH 8.4-9.56), 170-473 мг/л хүртэл эрдэсжилттэй, HCO3-Na болон SO4-Na-ийн төрлийн халуун рашааны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Эдгээр рашаануудаас Цэцүүхийн халуун рашааны исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал нь -0.8 мВ, ууссан устөрөгчийн агуулга 0.22 мг/л илэрсэн нь судалгаанд хамрагдсан бусад рашаануудтай харьцуулахад ангижрах төлөвт оршиж байгаа бөгөөд илүү эмчилгээний идэвхтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан халуун рашаануудын гүний температурыг химийн найрлагаас нь хамааруулан хэд хэдэн геотермометрийг ашиглан тооцоход дунджаар 102-149oС байсан ба энэ нь бага температуртай усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байгаа учир тухайн халуун усны нөөцийг өрөө тасалгаа халаах болон бинари системийг ашиглан цахилгаан гаргаж авах боломжтой байна. Мөн Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны нөөц нь газрын гадаргаас доош 1.3-3.7 км-ийн гүнд байрладаг болохыг орд дээрх температур, газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон бүс нутгийн геотермал градиентад үндэслэн тооцоолон тодорхойллоо. Түлхүүр үг: Гидрохими, халуун рашаан, геотермометр, гүний температур.

scholarly journals Application research of intelligent monitoring system of longsheng hot spring water temperature based on Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2613-2622
Author(s):  
Bi Li ◽  
Shi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Main Station

Guangxi Guilin area, China, is rich in hot spring resources. In this paper, a hot spring water temperature monitoring system is developed for longsheng hot springs. Mainly using the hot water of eye of hot springs as the heat source, designing a set of multi-point temperature monitoring system with single-chip and multi-slave as the core of the single-chip microcomputer and wireless and bi-directional transmission for the main station and multiple slave stations to realize automatic temperature monitoring. The system slave station can exchange geothermal water with high temperature extracted from the eye of hot springs and cold water, and automatically control the temperature of the hot spring pool to reach a set value range by controlling the flow rate of the cold water. At the same time, the main station can complete the tasks of monitoring system by setting control commands such as temperature.

Dirty-water events at Rocky Mountain Hot Springs and their correlation with other short-lived phenomena

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. van Everdingen
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Heavy Rains

The Radium (British Columbia) and Miette (Alberta) hot springs occasionally produce "dirty" water that carries varying amounts of solid particles in suspension. Dirty-water events in the period 1959–1983 were caused either by heavy rains (or rapid snowmelt) or by earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.9 or greater, between 740 and 2300 km distant from the springs, in Alaska, Idaho, and Montana. Rainfall-induced events at Miette appear to require at least 34 mm of rain within a 48 h period. Associated decreases in water temperatures and dissolved-solids concentrations and changes in the ionic and isotopic compositions of the spring waters result from mixing of deep thermal water with cooler, less mineralized shallow water. By contrast, the earthquake-triggered events did not have significant thermal or geochemical effects. Suspended solids in the dirty waters represent surficial materials (including vegetation debris) and possibly residues from dissolution of carbonate rocks. At Miette Hot Springs the dirt contains secondary sulfur species (native sulfur and gypsum) derived from the HS− content of the spring water.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Free-Living Amoebae (Naegleria spp., Acanthamoeba spp. and Vermamoeba spp.) Isolated from Unim-proved Hot Springs, Guilan Province, Northern Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein FEIZ HADDAD ◽  
Saeed KHOSHNOOD ◽  
Mohammad Reza MAHMOUDI ◽  
Habib HABIBPOUR ◽  
Selman A. ALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Guilan Province

Background: This study was conducted to determine the presence and molecular identify of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba in unimproved hot springs. Methods: From Jul to Aug 2017, 54 water samples were collected from hot springs in different parts of the Guilan Province, North Iran. For the isolation of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba approximately 500 ml of the water samples were filtered through a cellulose nitrate membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm. The filter was transferred onto non-nutrient agar plates seeded with Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) as a food source. The morphological key of page was used to identify free‐living amoebae (FLA) using an inverted microscope, PCR amplification targeting specific genes for each genus and sequencing determined frequent species and genotypes base on NCBI database. Results: Fifteen of the 54 samples were positive by culture and/or PCR for Acanthamoeba and other FLA from unimproved hot springs. By sequencing the positive isolates, the strains were shown to belong to Acanthamoeba castellanii (12 case isolates belonged to T4 genotype), 4 cases of V. vermiformis, and 3 cases of N. australiensis, 2 cases of N. pagei and 1 cases of N. gruberi. Conclusion: Although FLA-mediated illnesses are not as high as in environmental distribution, but because of a poor prognosis, more investigations about FLA distribution in hot springs is critical. Hot spring may enhance exposure of the amoebae in individuals. Hence, more attention to unimproved hot springs is needed to prevent free-living amoebae mediated diseases.

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